{"/e/other-geographic-features/longitude/": {"t": "Longitude", "s": "Geographic coordinate specifying east-west position on Earth."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/prime-meridian/": {"t": "Prime meridian", "s": "The prime meridian is the line of 0° longitude, arbitrarily chosen for Earth as the IERS Reference Meridian."}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geography/": {"t": "Geography", "s": "Geography is the study of Earth's lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/geographic-coordinate-system/": {"t": "Geographic coordinate system", "s": "A spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring positions on Earth as latitude and longitude."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/circle-of-latitude/": {"t": "circle-of-latitude", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/global-positioning-system/": {"t": "Global Positioning System", "s": "A satellite navigation system providing global positioning and timing."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/meridian-geography/": {"t": "meridian-geography", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/north-pole/": {"t": "north-pole", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/south-pole/": {"t": "south-pole", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/tropic-of-capricorn/": {"t": "Tropic of Capricorn", "s": "The southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/antarctic-circle/": {"t": "Antarctic Circle", "s": "Southernmost major latitude circle marking the Antarctic region."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/mercator-projection/": {"t": "Mercator projection", "s": "Gerardus Mercator's 1569 cylindrical map projection, built so sailors could steer by straight lines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/mercator-projection.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mercator projection · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-newton/": {"t": "Isaac Newton", "s": "English polymath who formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-eiffel-tower/": {"t": "The Eiffel Tower", "s": "Locally nicknamed \"La dame de fer\" (French for \"Iron Lady\") due to its construction from wrought iron, the Eiffel Tower is a lattice tower situated on the Champ"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/nautical-mile/": {"t": "Nautical mile", "s": "Unit of length for air, marine, and space navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/coordinate-system/": {"t": "Coordinate system", "s": "A system using numbers to determine positions in space."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-shapes/e/geometry-and-shapes/spherical-coordinate-system/": {"t": "Spherical coordinate system", "s": "A system using distance and two angles to locate points in space."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/latitude/": {"t": "Latitude", "s": "Coordinate specifying north-south position on Earth or celestial bodies."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/angle/": {"t": "Angle", "s": "A geometric figure formed by two lines meeting at a point."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/greek-alphabet/": {"t": "Greek alphabet", "s": "Earliest alphabet to systematically write vowels and consonants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/greek-alphabet.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/royal-observatory-greenwich/": {"t": "Royal Observatory, Greenwich", "s": "Home of the Prime Meridian and Greenwich Mean Time."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hipparchus/": {"t": "Hipparchus", "s": "Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician; founder of trigonometry and discoverer of the precession of the equinoxes."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lunar-eclipse/": {"t": "Lunar eclipse", "s": "A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/astrolabe/": {"t": "Astrolabe", "s": "Ancient astronomical instrument used as a star chart and analog calculator."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/christopher-columbus/": {"t": "Christopher Columbus", "s": "Italian explorer who opened the Americas to European colonization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/christopher-columbus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/christiaan-huygens/": {"t": "Christiaan Huygens", "s": "Dutch polymath who advanced optics, mechanics, and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telegraphy/": {"t": "Telegraphy", "s": "Long-distance symbolic message transmission, from optical to electrical systems."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/charles-wheatstone/": {"t": "Charles Wheatstone", "s": "English physicist and inventor known for the Wheatstone bridge (originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie), the English concertina, the stereoscope, and the", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/img/inventors-of-everyday-objects/charles-wheatstone.webp", "c": "Peter Trimming · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/samuel-morse/": {"t": "Samuel Morse", "s": "American inventor and painter, co-developer of Morse code and the single-wire telegraph.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/samuel-morse.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Samuel Morse · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/satellite-navigation/": {"t": "Satellite navigation", "s": "Satellite navigation uses satellite signals for precise positioning worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/inertial-navigation-system/": {"t": "Inertial navigation system", "s": "A self-contained navigation system using accelerometers and gyroscopes."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/western-hemisphere/": {"t": "Western Hemisphere", "s": "U.S. Department of Defense school for Latin American security personnel, formerly the School of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "The Northern Hemisphere contains most of the world's continents and major landmasses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "Sean Baker ( Marvin01 | talk ) · via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/180th-meridian/": {"t": "180th meridian", "s": "The 180th meridian divides hemispheres and anchors the International Date Line."}, "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/e/maps-and-their-symbols/cartography/": {"t": "Cartography", "s": "The art and science of making and using maps."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/differential-geometry/": {"t": "Differential geometry", "s": "Study of smooth shapes and spaces using calculus and algebra."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/manifold/": {"t": "Manifold", "s": "A topological space locally resembling Euclidean space near each point."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/asteroid/": {"t": "Asteroid", "s": "Rocky, metallic, or icy minor planets orbiting the Sun, mostly in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter."}, "https://codexery.com/map-projections-cartography-foundations/e/map-projections-and-cartography-foundations/gall-peters-projection/": {"t": "gall-peters-projection", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-friedrich-gauss/": {"t": "Carl Friedrich Gauss", "s": "German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist"}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-shapes/e/geometry-and-shapes/tangent/": {"t": "Tangent", "s": "The line that just touches a curve at a point."}, "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/e/maps-and-their-symbols/topographic-map/": {"t": "Topographic map", "s": "Large-scale map showing relief via contour lines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/img/maps-and-their-symbols/topographic-map.webp", "c": "Eric Gaba ( Sting - fr:Sting ) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/io-moon/": {"t": "Io (moon)", "s": "Io is Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon, the most volcanically active body known."}, "https://codexery.com/discoveries-by-michael-e-brown/e/discoveries-by-michael-e-brown/haumea/": {"t": "Haumea", "s": "Dwarf planet beyond Neptune with a ring system and rapid rotation."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/azimuth/": {"t": "Azimuth", "s": "Horizontal angle from north used in navigation and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/great-circle/": {"t": "great-circle", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-shapes/e/geometry-and-shapes/polyhedron/": {"t": "Polyhedron", "s": "Three-dimensional figures with flat faces, straight edges, and vertices."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/metropolitan-area/": {"t": "Metropolitan area", "s": "A region of dense urban core and integrated surrounding territories."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-ford-coppola/": {"t": "Francis Ford Coppola", "s": "The visionary filmmaker behind The Godfather and Apocalypse Now."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/map-projection/": {"t": "Map projection", "s": "Mathematical transformation of globe surface to a plane."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/navigation/": {"t": "Navigation", "s": "The art and science of directing movement from one place to another."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/globe/": {"t": "Globe", "s": "Spherical model of Earth or the heavens without distortion."}, "https://codexery.com/danish-inventions/e/danish-inventions/google-maps/": {"t": "Google Maps", "s": "Web mapping platform launched by Google in 2005."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics/": {"t": "Plate tectonics", "s": "Scientific theory of Earth's moving lithospheric plates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics.webp", "c": "Surachit · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/transport/": {"t": "Transport", "s": "Transport moves people, animals, and goods between locations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/transport.webp", "c": "AyFortune · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/municipality/": {"t": "Municipality", "s": "A general-purpose administrative subdivision with self-government powers."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/neighbourhood/": {"t": "Neighbourhood", "s": "A localized community within a larger settlement."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/oecd/": {"t": "OECD", "s": "A forum of 38 market-oriented democracies promoting economic progress and world trade."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/megalopolis/": {"t": "Megalopolis", "s": "A clustered network of big cities, perceived as a continuous urban area through shared systems."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/surabaya/": {"t": "Surabaya", "s": "Surabaya: Bravely facing danger on the Madura Strait."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bandung/": {"t": "Bandung", "s": "Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia, located on the western highland of Java island."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/medan/": {"t": "Medan", "s": "Capital of North Sumatra and a major Indonesian economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/makassar/": {"t": "Makassar", "s": "The largest city in Eastern Indonesia and a historic trading port."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/palembang/": {"t": "Palembang", "s": "Ancient Srivijayan capital and modern Sumatran metropolis."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/punjab-pakistan/": {"t": "Punjab, Pakistan", "s": "Most populous Pakistani province, second-largest by area.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/punjab-pakistan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/sindh/": {"t": "Sindh", "s": "Sindh is a Pakistani province, cradle of the Indus Valley Civilisation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/sindh.webp", "c": "Baba66 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/luzon/": {"t": "Luzon", "s": "The largest and most populous island of the Philippines, economic and political center of the nation."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/northeast-greenland-national-park/": {"t": "Northeast Greenland National Park", "s": "The world's largest and northernmost national park, covering 972000 km2 of Greenland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/northeast-greenland-national-park.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Northeast Greenland National Park · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/us-parks/e/us-national-parks/yellowstone/": {"t": "Yellowstone", "s": "First national park in the world, established in 1872.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-parks/img/us-national-parks/yellowstone.webp", "c": "Frank Schulenburg · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-union-for-conservation-of-nature/": {"t": "International Union for Conservation of Nature", "s": "Global authority on nature conservation and sustainable resource use."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/william-wordsworth/": {"t": "William Wordsworth", "s": "English Romantic poet and co-founder of the Romantic Age", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/william-wordsworth.webp", "c": "Benjamin Haydon · via Wikipedia: William Wordsworth · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/andrew-jackson/": {"t": "Andrew Jackson", "s": "Seventh U.S. president and architect of Jacksonian democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/us-parks/e/us-national-parks/yosemite/": {"t": "Yosemite", "s": "Internationally recognized for its granite cliffs, waterfalls, and giant sequoia groves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-parks/img/us-national-parks/yosemite.webp", "c": "Brocken Inaglory · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-the-world/e/national-parks-of-the-world/royal-national-park/": {"t": "Royal National Park", "s": "Royal National Park, located in the Sutherland Shire and City of Wollongong local government areas of New South Wales, Australia, lies south of the Sydney centr"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/unesco-world-heritage-parks/banff-national-park/": {"t": "Banff National Park", "s": "Canada's first national park, established in 1885.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/img/unesco-world-heritage-parks/banff-national-park.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/e/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/nahuel-huapi-national-park/": {"t": "Nahuel Huapi National Park", "s": "Oldest national park in Argentina, surrounding Nahuel Huapi Lake."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/unesco-world-heritage-parks/virunga-national-park/": {"t": "Virunga National Park", "s": "A biodiverse park facing threats from conflict and oil exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/democracy/": {"t": "Democracy", "s": "Government where power is vested in the people."}, "https://codexery.com/home-and-furniture/e/home-and-furniture/fence/": {"t": "Fence", "s": "A boundary structure enclosing areas for safety, privacy, or demarcation."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/national-park/": {"t": "National park", "s": "Preserving wild nature for posterity and national pride."}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/unesco-world-heritage-parks/serengeti-national-park/": {"t": "Serengeti National Park", "s": "A Tanzanian national park with the world's largest animal migration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/img/unesco-world-heritage-parks/serengeti-national-park.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/maasai-people/": {"t": "Maasai people", "s": "Eastern Nilotic pastoralists of Kenya and Tanzania, known for their warrior tradition and distinct culture."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/onomatopoeia/": {"t": "Onomatopoeia", "s": "Words that phonetically imitate the sounds they refer to."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-victoria/": {"t": "Lake Victoria", "s": "Africa's largest lake by area and source of the Nile."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/escarpment/": {"t": "Escarpment", "s": "A steep slope or long cliff separating two level areas."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanic-cone/": {"t": "Volcanic cone", "s": "Volcanic cones are simple landforms built by ejected material around a vent."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/mica/": {"t": "Mica", "s": "Micas are silicate minerals with perfect basal cleavage."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/schist/": {"t": "Schist", "s": "Medium-grained metamorphic rock with pronounced schistosity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/schist.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts-of-africa/e/languages-and-scripts-of-africa/maasai-language/": {"t": "Maasai language", "s": "Eastern Nilotic language of the Maasai people in East Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-habilis/": {"t": "Homo habilis", "s": "Early archaic human associated with Oldowan stone tools."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/hominidae/": {"t": "Hominidae", "s": "Taxonomic family of great apes including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/paranthropus-boisei/": {"t": "Paranthropus boisei", "s": "Robust australopithecine from Early Pleistocene East Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/human-evolution/": {"t": "Human evolution", "s": "Human evolution is a weblike process studied across multiple scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/e/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/mary-leakey/": {"t": "Mary Leakey", "s": "British paleoanthropologist who discovered the Proconsul skull, Zinjanthropus, and Laetoli footprints."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie/": {"t": "Lake Erie", "s": "Southernmost, shallowest Great Lake with shortest water residence time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Erie · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario/": {"t": "Lake Ontario", "s": "The easternmost Great Lake, outlet to the Atlantic via the Saint Lawrence River.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario.webp", "c": "Dougtone · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "Canada's largest city and a global hub of multiculturalism, finance, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/welland-canal/": {"t": "Welland Canal", "s": "Ship canal in Ontario, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway."}, "https://codexery.com/rocks-and-minerals/e/rocks-and-minerals/dolomite-rock/": {"t": "Dolomite (rock)", "s": "A sedimentary carbonate rock rich in the mineral dolomite."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/fossil/": {"t": "Fossil", "s": "Fossils are preserved remains of ancient life, key to evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/scree/": {"t": "Scree", "s": "Broken rock fragments at cliff bases from periodic rockfall."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/ren-robert-cavelier-sieur-de-la-salle/": {"t": "René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle", "s": "French explorer who claimed the Mississippi basin for France."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/wyandot-people/": {"t": "Wyandot people", "s": "Indigenous people of the Great Lakes, formed from Petun and Wendat refugees."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/aaron-burr/": {"t": "Aaron Burr", "s": "Third vice president of the United States, remembered for the duel with Alexander Hamilton and the Burr conspiracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/aaron-burr.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aaron Burr · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/english-folklore/e/english-folklore/john-franklin/": {"t": "John Franklin", "s": "British Arctic explorer who died on his final Northwest Passage expedition."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frederick-douglass/": {"t": "Frederick Douglass", "s": "Escaped slavery; became leading abolitionist orator and writer."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Hydroelectricity", "s": "Electricity generated from hydropower, a key low-carbon energy source."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/greenland-ice-sheet/": {"t": "Greenland ice sheet", "s": "Second-largest ice sheet, key driver of global sea level rise.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/greenland-ice-sheet.webp", "c": "derivative work: Algkalv ( talk ) Greenland_stub.svg : PavelD · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/arctic-fox/": {"t": "Arctic fox", "s": "Small Arctic predator with the warmest fur of any mammal."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-arctic/e/birds-of-the-arctic/barnacle-goose/": {"t": "Barnacle goose", "s": "A goose once believed to hatch from driftwood and barnacles."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/common-eider/": {"t": "Common eider", "s": "Large sea-duck known for its soft down and colonial breeding."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-arctic/e/birds-of-the-arctic/king-eider/": {"t": "King eider", "s": "A large Arctic sea duck with a crown-like bill knob."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/rock-ptarmigan/": {"t": "Rock ptarmigan", "s": "A seasonally camouflaged game bird of Arctic and alpine tundra."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/vancouver-island/": {"t": "Vancouver Island", "s": "The largest and most populous island along the west coasts of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/sierra-nevada-u-s/": {"t": "Sierra Nevada (U.S.)", "s": "The Sierra Nevada: a majestic range of granite peaks, giant sequoias, and alpine lakes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/img/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/sierra-nevada-u-s.webp", "c": "Jeffrey Pang from Pittsburgh, PA, USA · via Wikipedia: Sierra Nevada · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/coast-mountains/": {"t": "Coast Mountains", "s": "A major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/cascade-range/": {"t": "Cascade Range", "s": "A major mountain range of western North America, part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and home to iconic volcanoes and national parks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/img/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/cascade-range.webp", "c": "Dllu · via Wikipedia: Cascade Range · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-juan-de-fuca/": {"t": "Strait of Juan de Fuca", "s": "Main outlet of the Salish Sea to the Pacific Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/mojave-desert/": {"t": "Mojave Desert", "s": "Smallest and driest of the four North American deserts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/img/deserts-and-drylands/mojave-desert.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Desert · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/sonoran-desert/": {"t": "Sonoran Desert", "s": "North America's most tropical desert, the only wild home of the saguaro cactus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/img/deserts-and-drylands/sonoran-desert.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sonoran Desert · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/coastal-plain/": {"t": "Coastal plain", "s": "Flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/columbia-river/": {"t": "Columbia River", "s": "Largest river in the Pacific Northwest, vital for culture and economy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/columbia-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Columbia River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-alaska/": {"t": "Gulf of Alaska", "s": "A productive, ice-free gulf shaped by glaciers, storms, and the North Pacific Current."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/basin-and-range-province/": {"t": "Basin and Range Province", "s": "A vast region of alternating mountain ranges and arid basins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/basin-and-range-province.webp", "c": "Original image: Kathleen Smith vectorization: AntiCompositeNumber · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-california/": {"t": "Gulf of California", "s": "Marginal sea separating Baja California from mainland Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "Tamil Nadu", "s": "The land of Tamils, with a history spanning over 5,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-bengal/": {"t": "Bay of Bengal", "s": "Northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, rich in history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-bengal.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. NormanEinstein assumed (based on copyright claims). · via Wikipedia: Bay of Bengal · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-mythology/e/hindu-mythology/hindu-mythology/": {"t": "Hindu mythology", "s": "Myths from Hindu texts, foundational to society and theology."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/sita/": {"t": "Sita", "s": "Hindu goddess, avatar of Lakshmi, and central figure of the Ramayana."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/ravana/": {"t": "Ravana", "s": "Ten-headed rakshasa king and principal antagonist of the Ramayana."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-landforms/e/landforms/wind-wave/": {"t": "Wind wave", "s": "Wind-driven surface waves that travel vast distances across oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india/": {"t": "Government of India", "s": "National authority of the Republic of India, established by the Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india.webp", "c": "Trikkiboy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/e/miscellaneous-cities/colombo/": {"t": "Colombo", "s": "Colombo is Sri Lanka's executive, judicial, and commercial capital."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plain/": {"t": "Plain", "s": "Flat expanse of land covering over one-third of Earth's land area.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/plain.webp", "c": "Kevstan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/buenos-aires/": {"t": "Buenos Aires", "s": "The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: a multicultural capital with eclectic European architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/rio-grande-do-sul/": {"t": "Rio Grande do Sul", "s": "Southernmost Brazilian state with gaucho culture and high life expectancy."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/quechuan-languages/": {"t": "Quechuan languages", "s": "The most widely spoken pre-Columbian language family of the Americas, originating in central Peru."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/santa-fe-province/": {"t": "Santa Fe Province", "s": "A colonial Spanish kingdom in northern South America, core of modern Colombia."}, "https://codexery.com/south-american-cities/e/south-american-cities/bah-a-blanca/": {"t": "Bahía Blanca", "s": "A port city in Buenos Aires province, founded as a fortress in 1828."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/paran-river/": {"t": "Paraná River", "s": "Second-longest South American river, vital for power and navigation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/paran-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Paraná River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-brazil/e/world-heritage-sites-in-brazil/atlantic-forest/": {"t": "Atlantic Forest", "s": "A biodiverse rainforest along Brazil's coast, heavily deforested."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/gran-chaco/": {"t": "Gran Chaco", "s": "South America's vast semiarid lowland, shared by Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/gran-chaco.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gran Chaco · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/patagonia/": {"t": "Patagonia", "s": "A vast region spanning southern South America, shared by Argentina and Chile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/patagonia.webp", "c": "Argentixs · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/san-luis-province/": {"t": "San Luis Province", "s": "Argentine province with improved economy and Rodríguez Saá political dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-cities/e/latin-american-cities/mar-del-plata/": {"t": "Mar del Plata", "s": "Argentina's largest seaside resort and major fishing port."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/paraguay/": {"t": "Paraguay", "s": "A landlocked nation with a rich indigenous heritage and a resilient history."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/thunderstorm/": {"t": "Thunderstorm", "s": "A storm characterized by lightning and thunder, forming in cumulonimbus clouds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/thunderstorm.webp", "c": "Rubbish computer · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hail/": {"t": "Hail", "s": "Solid precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, produced by thunderstorms."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/capybara/": {"t": "Capybara", "s": "Largest living rodent, semiaquatic and highly social."}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/maned-wolf/": {"t": "Maned wolf", "s": "Tall, solitary South American canine with a distinctive mane."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/habitat-destruction/": {"t": "Habitat destruction", "s": "Leading cause of biodiversity loss and species extinction worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/big-cats/jaguar/": {"t": "Jaguar", "s": "Largest American cat, keystone predator with a crushing bite.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bigcats/img/big-cats/jaguar.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/guanaco/": {"t": "Guanaco", "s": "Wild South American camelid, ancestor of the llama."}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/pampas-fox/": {"t": "Pampas fox", "s": "A medium-sized South American 'false' fox of the Pampas."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/big-cats/cougar/": {"t": "Cougar", "s": "A widely distributed, adaptable feline of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/insects/honey-bee/": {"t": "Honey Bee", "s": "Wax-building, honey-storing social insects that keep farms and orchards pollinated."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/mapuche/": {"t": "Mapuche", "s": "Indigenous people of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina"}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/andes/": {"t": "Andes", "s": "Longest continental mountain range, forming western backbone of South America."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/isthmus-of-panama/": {"t": "Isthmus of Panama", "s": "Narrow land bridge linking North and South America."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/lock-water-navigation/": {"t": "Lock (water navigation)", "s": "A waterway chamber that raises or lowers boats between different water levels."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/height-above-mean-sea-level/": {"t": "Height above mean sea level", "s": "Vertical distance referenced to historic mean sea level.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/height-above-mean-sea-level.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/drake-passage/": {"t": "Drake Passage", "s": "The treacherous passage between Cape Horn and Antarctica, where the world's mightiest current flows unimpeded."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-magellan/": {"t": "Strait of Magellan", "s": "Natural sea route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/vasco-n-ez-de-balboa/": {"t": "Vasco Núñez de Balboa", "s": "Spanish explorer who first sighted the Pacific Ocean from Panama."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/business-magnates-tycoons/e/business-magnates-and-tycoons/cornelius-vanderbilt/": {"t": "Cornelius Vanderbilt", "s": "American business magnate in railroads and shipping."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/ulysses-s-grant/": {"t": "Ulysses S. Grant", "s": "18th U.S. President and Commanding General of the Union Army"}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/suez-canal/": {"t": "Suez Canal", "s": "Artificial waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gustave-eiffel/": {"t": "Gustave Eiffel", "s": "French civil engineer known for the Eiffel Tower and contributions to the Statue of Liberty."}, "https://codexery.com/civil-law-and-remedies/e/civil-law-and-remedies/lease/": {"t": "Lease", "s": "A contract granting use of an asset for payment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/civil-law-and-remedies/img/civil-law-and-remedies/lease.webp", "c": "Paul Sableman · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/electrical-telegraph/": {"t": "Electrical telegraph", "s": "First electrical telecommunications system, used from the 1840s."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/e/public-aquariums/new-england-aquarium/": {"t": "New England Aquarium", "s": "A nonprofit public aquarium on Boston's Central Wharf.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/img/public-aquariums/new-england-aquarium.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/public-aquariums/e/public-aquariums/aquarium-of-the-pacific/": {"t": "Aquarium of the Pacific", "s": "Public aquarium on Rainbow Harbor in Long Beach, California."}, "https://codexery.com/red-macroalgae-and-coralline-algae/e/red-macroalgae-and-coralline-algae/corallinales/": {"t": "Coralline algae", "s": "Calcified red algae that build and stabilize marine reefs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/red-macroalgae-and-coralline-algae/img/red-macroalgae-and-coralline-algae/corallinales.webp", "c": "Frithjof C. Küpper · via Wikipedia: Coralline algae · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/marine-green-macroalgae/e/marine-green-macroalgae/halimeda/": {"t": "Halimeda", "s": "A calcified green macroalga that builds reefs and forms cryptic species.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-green-macroalgae/img/marine-green-macroalgae/halimeda.webp", "c": "Alberto Romeoalbertoromeo@neomedia.ithttp://www.romeofotosub.it · via Wikipedia: Halimeda · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/species-crown-of-thorns-starfish/e/invertebrates/crown-of-thorns-starfish/": {"t": "Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci)", "s": "Source-cited species reference: taxonomy from WoRMS, biology from SeaLifeBase, occurrence map from GBIF, description from Wikipedia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/species-crown-of-thorns-starfish/img/invertebrates/crown-of-thorns-starfish.webp", "c": "John Hepburn · via Wikipedia: Crown-of-thorns starfish · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/starfish/e/starfish/culcita-echinoderm/": {"t": "Culcita (echinoderm)", "s": "Plump, pillow-shaped sea stars of tropical Indo-Pacific reefs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/starfish/img/starfish/culcita-echinoderm.webp", "c": "Nhobgood Nick Hobgood · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/e/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/tridacna/": {"t": "Tridacna", "s": "Genus of giant clams with symbiotic algae and CITES protection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/img/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/tridacna.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · via Wikipedia: Tridacna · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/e/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/tridacna-squamosa/": {"t": "Tridacna squamosa", "s": "A large clam with fluted shell scutes and symbiotic algae.", "i": "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/img/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/tridacna-squamosa.webp", "c": "MerlinCharon; · via Wikipedia: Tridacna squamosa · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/e/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/maxima-clam/": {"t": "Maxima clam", "s": "A small, colorful giant clam popular in the aquarium trade.", "i": "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/img/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/maxima-clam.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · via Wikipedia: Maxima clam · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/e/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/giant-clam/": {"t": "Giant clam", "s": "Largest living bivalve, known for symbiotic algae farming.", "i": "https://codexery.com/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/img/giant-clams-and-marine-bivalves/giant-clam.webp", "c": "Fernando Losada Rodríguez · via Wikipedia: Giant clam · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/deep-water-coral/": {"t": "Deep-water coral", "s": "Deep-water corals build reefs in cold, dark depths without sunlight."}, "https://codexery.com/soft-corals-and-leathers/e/soft-corals-and-leathers/gorgonian/": {"t": "Gorgonian", "s": "Soft corals with feather-like tentacles and no stony skeleton."}, "https://codexery.com/science-and-technology/e/science-and-technology/natural-science/": {"t": "Natural science", "s": "Empirical study of natural phenomena through observation and experimentation."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/biosphere/": {"t": "Biosphere", "s": "The global sum of all ecosystems and zone of life on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/biosphere.webp", "c": "Christopher Michel · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/human-geography/": {"t": "Human geography", "s": "Study of spatial relationships between human communities and their environments."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "Salwa Farwaneh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/eratosthenes/": {"t": "Eratosthenes", "s": "Ancient Greek polymath who first measured Earth's circumference."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier/": {"t": "Georges Cuvier", "s": "Founding father of paleontology who helped establish extinction as a scientific concept.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/img/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier.webp", "c": "Georges Cuvier · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/mikhail-lomonosov/": {"t": "Mikhail Lomonosov", "s": "Russian polymath who discovered the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of mass."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geomorphology/": {"t": "Geomorphology", "s": "Study of Earth's surface form and change."}, "/e/other-geographic-features/physical-geography/": {"t": "Physical geography", "s": "The branch of natural science dealing with Earth's natural environment and its processes."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/hemispheres-of-earth/": {"t": "Hemispheres of Earth", "s": "Equal halves of Earth divided by latitude, longitude, or cultural lines."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/eastern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Eastern Hemisphere", "s": "Half of Earth east of the prime meridian, encompassing Afro-Eurasia and Australia."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geographer/": {"t": "Geographer", "s": "Geographers study Earth's environment and human society and their interactions."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-classical-texts/e/ancient-and-classical-texts/geography-ptolemy/": {"t": "Geography (Ptolemy)", "s": "A 2nd-century gazetteer and atlas foundational to later cartography."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-celtic-mythology/e/places-in-celtic-mythology/fortunate-isles/": {"t": "Fortunate Isles", "s": "Semi-legendary Atlantic islands, a paradise for blessed heroes."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/canary-islands/": {"t": "Canary Islands", "s": "The Fortunate Isles: a subtropical archipelago linking Africa, Europe, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/spherical-earth/": {"t": "Spherical Earth", "s": "Earth is approximately spherical, confirmed by ancient and modern science."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas/": {"t": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "s": "The 1494 treaty that divided the non-European world between Portugal and Castile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas.webp", "c": "Koppchen · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/s-o-miguel-island/": {"t": "São Miguel Island", "s": "The Green Island of the Azores", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/s-o-miguel-island.webp", "c": "European Space Agency · via Wikipedia: São Miguel Island · CC BY-SA 3.0 igo"}}