Nonlinear optics
Branch of optics studying intensity-dependent optical properties of matter.
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Nonlinear phenomena require very intense light, typically above 10⁸ V/m, comparable to atomic electric fields.[1] The branch of optics known as nonlinear optics examines situations where the way matter interacts with light changes based on how strong the incoming light is.[1]
Quick Facts
- Field
- Optics
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
The first predicted nonlinear optical effect was two-photon absorption, proposed by Maria Goeppert Mayer in her 1931 PhD.[2] The first laser was built by Theodore Maiman, and shortly after, two-photon absorption was observed at Bell Labs and second-harmonic generation was discovered by Peter Franken et al. at University of Michigan in 1961.[2] The perturbative regime of nonlinear optics is valid when input intensity remains below 10¹⁴ W/cm².[3] Prior to the invention of the laser, certain nonlinear optical phenomena had already been observed.[2]
Bloembergen's 1965 book "Nonlinear Optics" provided the initial theoretical framework for numerous nonlinear processes.[2] Nonlinear optics accounts for how light's frequency, polarization, phase, or direction can change in a nonlinear fashion.[4] Parametric and non-parametric are the two distinct groupings into which nonlinear effects are classified.[5] For a parametric nonlinearity, the material's quantum state remains unaltered throughout the optical interaction.[5]
Parametric processes conserve both energy and momentum within the optical field, which is why phase matching is a crucial consideration.[5] The field of nonperturbational or extreme nonlinear optics investigates laser-matter interactions at much higher light intensities.[3]
What the research sources say
The Open Library record for ISBN 9780471415398 lists "Ultrafast Optics" as a 500-page book published by Wiley-Interscience on March 28, 2008.[6] The Open Library record for ISBN 9780123694706 lists "Nonlinear optics" as a 613-page book published by Academic Press in 2008.[7] The Open Library record for ISBN 9780521341837 lists "The elements of nonlinear optics" as a 344-page book published by Cambridge University Press in 1990.[8]
References
- Wikipedia, "Nonlinear optics" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Butcher, "The Elements of Nonlinear Optics", Cambridge University Press, 1990-07-27, p. 1 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nonlinear optics" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kaiser, "Two-Photon Excitation in CaF2:Eu2+", Physical Review Letters, 1961, p. 229; Rigamonti, "Schiff base metal complexes for second order nonlinear optics", La Chimica & l'Industria, April 2010, p. 118–122; Lewis, "Reversible Photochemical Processes in Rigid Media. A Study of the Phosphorescent State", Journal of the American Chemical Society, November 1941, p. 3005–3018; Bloembergen, "Nonlinear Optics", World Scientific, 1965 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nonlinear optics" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Weiner, "Ultrafast optics", Wiley, 2009, p. 198–201; Boyd, "Nonlinear Optics", Academic Press, 2008; Weiner, "Ultrafast optics", Wiley, 2009, p. 198–201 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nonlinear optics" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Rigamonti, "Schiff base metal complexes for second order nonlinear optics", La Chimica & l'Industria, April 2010, p. 118–122 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nonlinear optics" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Paschotta, "Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology", Wiley, 2008; {{harvnb|Boyd|2008|pp=13–15 [ 1.2.10 Parametric versus Nonparametric Processes]}} (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9780471415398 ("Ultrafast Optics"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9780123694706 ("Nonlinear optics"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9780521341837 ("The elements of nonlinear optics"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Nonlinear optics (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Nonlinear optics (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Word definitions: the , each quoted from its Wikipedia article.
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