{"https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/nvidia/": {"t": "NVIDIA", "s": "Pioneer of GPUs for gaming, AI, and supercomputing."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/tsmc/": {"t": "TSMC", "s": "World's dominant dedicated semiconductor foundry, key AI chip supplier.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/tsmc.webp", "c": "TSMC · via Wikipedia: TSMC · Fair use"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/riva-tnt2/": {"t": "RIVA TNT2", "s": "Nvidia's fifth graphics chip, succeeding the RIVA TNT.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/riva-tnt2.webp", "c": "Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-256/": {"t": "GeForce 256", "s": "First GPU with integrated transform and lighting hardware.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-256.webp", "c": "Konstantin Lanzet · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-100-series/": {"t": "GeForce 100 series", "s": "Rebranded GeForce 9 series cards for OEMs, briefly consumer-available GTS 150."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/geforce-rtx-50-series/": {"t": "GeForce RTX 50 series", "s": "Nvidia's Blackwell-based consumer GPU series announced at CES 2025."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/amd/": {"t": "AMD", "s": "American semiconductor company competing with Intel since 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/radeon/": {"t": "Radeon", "s": "Brand of GPUs and other computer products by AMD."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/cuda/": {"t": "CUDA", "s": "Nvidia's proprietary parallel computing platform and API for GPU-accelerated general-purpose processing."}, "https://codexery.com/science-and-technology/e/science-and-technology/transform-clipping-and-lighting/": {"t": "Transform, clipping, and lighting", "s": "Hardware T&L offloaded 3D geometry and lighting from the CPU."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/graphics-processing-unit/": {"t": "Graphics processing unit", "s": "Specialized circuit for graphics and parallel computation."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/microsoft/": {"t": "Microsoft", "s": "The largest software company by revenue and one of the most valuable brands globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/microsoft.webp", "c": "3aFW · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/halo/e/story/xbox/": {"t": "Xbox", "s": "Microsoft's first home video game console, released in 2001."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/scalable-link-interface/": {"t": "Scalable Link Interface", "s": "Multi-GPU technology linking cards for parallel rendering."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/render-output-unit/": {"t": "Render output unit", "s": "Final GPU stage assembling pixel data for display output."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/rsx-reality-synthesizer/": {"t": "RSX Reality Synthesizer", "s": "Jointly developed GPU for the PlayStation 3 console."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-3/": {"t": "PlayStation 3", "s": "Sony's ambitious seventh-generation console that popularized Blu-ray and online gaming."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/tesla-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Tesla (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia's first unified shader microarchitecture, succeeding Curie."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/fermi-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Fermi (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia's Fermi GPU microarchitecture succeeded Tesla and preceded Kepler.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/img/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/fermi-microarchitecture.webp", "c": "Department of Energy-Office of Public Affairs, restored by Yann · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/turing-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Turing (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia's GPU microarchitecture that introduced real-time ray tracing to consumers."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/ampere-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Ampere (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia GPU microarchitecture succeeding Volta and Turing."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/ada-lovelace-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Ada Lovelace (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia GPU microarchitecture succeeding Ampere, announced September 2022."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/pascal-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Pascal (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia's GPU microarchitecture succeeding Maxwell, introduced in 2016."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-rtx-40-series/": {"t": "GeForce RTX 40 series", "s": "Nvidia's Ada Lovelace-based GPU family with ray tracing and DLSS 3."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-2-series/": {"t": "GeForce 2 series", "s": "Second-generation Nvidia GPU with doubled texture fillrate per clock.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-2-series.webp", "c": "PantheraLeo1359531 · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-3-series/": {"t": "GeForce 3 series", "s": "First Direct3D 8.0 GPU with programmable shaders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-3-series.webp", "c": "JC Vmodder · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-4-series/": {"t": "GeForce 4 series", "s": "Two families, Ti and MX, launched in early 2002.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-4-series.webp", "c": "Peter Force (ed.) · Public domain"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-fx-series/": {"t": "GeForce FX series", "s": "Nvidia's first DirectX 9-compliant GPU series with mixed performance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-fx-series.webp", "c": "Hyins · Public domain"}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-6-series/": {"t": "GeForce 6 series", "s": "Sixth-generation Nvidia GPUs with Shader Model 3.0 and SLI."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-7-series/": {"t": "GeForce 7 series", "s": "Seventh-generation Nvidia GeForce line, final AGP-supporting series."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-8-series/": {"t": "GeForce 8 series", "s": "Nvidia's first unified shader architecture, spanning entry-level to high-end GPUs."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-9-series/": {"t": "GeForce 9 series", "s": "Ninth-generation Nvidia GPUs with PCIe 2.0 and updated Tesla architecture."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-200-series/": {"t": "GeForce 200 series", "s": "Second-generation Tesla architecture with unified shaders and double precision."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-300-series/": {"t": "GeForce 300 series", "s": "A series of rebranded OEM-only cards based on Tesla architecture."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-400-series/": {"t": "GeForce 400 series", "s": "Nvidia's Fermi architecture introduced Direct3D 11 and high-performance computing features."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-500-series/": {"t": "GeForce 500 series", "s": "A Fermi refresh competing with AMD's Radeon HD 6000 series."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-600-series/": {"t": "GeForce 600 series", "s": "Introduced the Kepler architecture with a focus on performance per watt."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-700-series/": {"t": "GeForce 700 series", "s": "Nvidia's 2013 GPU series spanning Kepler, Fermi, and Maxwell."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-800m-series/": {"t": "GeForce 800M series", "s": "Nvidia's mobile GPU series spanning Kepler, Maxwell, and Fermi architectures."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-900-series/": {"t": "GeForce 900 series", "s": "High-end introduction to the Maxwell microarchitecture with improved energy efficiency."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-10-series/": {"t": "GeForce 10 series", "s": "Nvidia's Pascal-based GPU series launched in May 2016."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-rtx-20-series/": {"t": "GeForce RTX 20 series", "s": "First consumer GPUs with hardware-enabled real-time ray tracing."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-gtx-16-series/": {"t": "GeForce GTX 16 series", "s": "Entry-level to mid-range Turing GPUs without RT or Tensor cores."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce-rtx-30-series/": {"t": "GeForce RTX 30 series", "s": "Nvidia's Ampere-based GPU series with ray tracing and Tensor Cores."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/celsius/": {"t": "Celsius", "s": "Temperature scale named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce/": {"t": "GeForce", "s": "Nvidia's GeForce brand spans nineteen generations of graphics processors.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/geforce.webp", "c": "Jacek Halicki · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/graphics-pipeline/": {"t": "Graphics pipeline", "s": "A series of procedures converting 3D scenes to 2D displays."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/computer-aided-design/": {"t": "Computer-aided design", "s": "Computer-aided design automates creation and modification of designs."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/ddr-sdram/": {"t": "DDR SDRAM", "s": "DDR SDRAM doubled data rate by using both clock edges."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers-2/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/sk-hynix/": {"t": "SK hynix", "s": "One of the Big Three global memory chip manufacturers."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/voodoo3/": {"t": "Voodoo3", "s": "Voodoo3: 3dfx's Avenger core with dual-texturing and 16-bit dithered output.", "i": "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/img/graphics-hardware/voodoo3.webp", "c": "Trio3D · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/star-wars-games/e/star-wars-games/star-wars-empire-at-war/": {"t": "Star Wars: Empire at War", "s": "A real-time strategy game set in the Galactic Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/e/gaming-mechanics-and-design/first-person-shooter/": {"t": "First-person shooter", "s": "A video game genre focused on weapon-based combat from a first-person perspective."}, "https://codexery.com/arena-shooters/e/arena-shooters/quake-iii-arena/": {"t": "Quake III Arena", "s": "A multiplayer-focused arena shooter with minimalist design and advanced movement."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/radeon-r100-series/": {"t": "Radeon R100 series", "s": "First Radeon generation with hardware T&L and HyperZ."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/riva-128/": {"t": "RIVA 128", "s": "Nvidia's first integrated 2D/3D accelerator that rivaled Voodoo Graphics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/riva-128.webp", "c": "Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers-2/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/stmicroelectronics/": {"t": "STMicroelectronics", "s": "European semiconductor giant known for STM32 microcontrollers."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/sega-saturn/": {"t": "Sega Saturn", "s": "A fifth-generation console with dual CPUs and mixed commercial success."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/2d-computer-graphics/": {"t": "2D computer graphics", "s": "Computer-based generation of digital images from two-dimensional models."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/3d-computer-graphics/": {"t": "3D computer graphics", "s": "3D computer graphics use geometric data to render digital images."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/sound-card/": {"t": "Sound card", "s": "An expansion card providing computer audio input and output."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/e/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/sound-blaster/": {"t": "Sound Blaster", "s": "The de facto standard for PC audio before Windows 95."}, "https://codexery.com/fighting-games-of-the-1990s/e/fighting-games-of-the-1990s/virtua-fighter-video-game/": {"t": "Virtua Fighter (video game)", "s": "The first arcade fighting game with fully 3D polygon graphics."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/matrox/": {"t": "Matrox", "s": "Canadian graphics hardware firm since 1976, now focused on niche markets."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/ati-rage/": {"t": "ATI Rage", "s": "ATI's early 3D accelerator series spanning 2D, video, and 3D.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/img/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/ati-rage.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/ms-dos/": {"t": "MS-DOS", "s": "The foundational operating system for IBM PC compatibles, MS-DOS evolved from a six-week clone of CP/M into the backbone of early personal computing."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/computer-graphics/": {"t": "Computer graphics", "s": "Computer graphics generates and manipulates images using computers."}, "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/e/gaming-mechanics-and-design/game-engine/": {"t": "Game engine", "s": "Software framework for developing and publishing video games across platforms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/img/gaming-mechanics-and-design/game-engine.webp", "c": "Nicolas.le-guen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aerospace-companies-of-japan/e/aerospace-companies-of-japan/nec/": {"t": "NEC", "s": "Japanese IT and defense conglomerate with a long history."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/computer-generated-imagery/": {"t": "Computer-generated imagery", "s": "Computer graphics for images, animation, and simulation."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/amd-firepro/": {"t": "AMD FirePro", "s": "AMD's professional workstation and server graphics brand, succeeded by Radeon Pro."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/nvidia-tesla/": {"t": "Nvidia Tesla", "s": "Nvidia's line of GPGPUs for high-performance computing and deep learning.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/nvidia-tesla.webp", "c": "The Conmunity - Pop Culture Geek from Los Angeles, CA, USA · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/sgi-vpro/": {"t": "SGI VPro", "s": "SGI's Odyssey-based graphics architecture for workstations and visualization systems."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/gddr6-sdram/": {"t": "GDDR6 SDRAM", "s": "High-bandwidth graphics memory succeeding GDDR5, standardized by JEDEC in 2017."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/nv1/": {"t": "NV1", "s": "Nvidia's first graphics accelerator with quadratic texture mapping.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/nv1.webp", "c": "Acroterion · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sega/": {"t": "Sega", "s": "Sega: A legacy of arcade innovation and iconic franchises.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sega.webp", "c": "Evan-Amos · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/display-standards/e/display-standards/video-graphics-array/": {"t": "Video Graphics Array", "s": "Last IBM graphics standard to achieve industry-wide conformity."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/ramdac/": {"t": "RAMDAC", "s": "A RAMDAC stored a color palette and generated analog signals for monitors."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/synchronous-dynamic-random-access-memory/": {"t": "Synchronous dynamic random-access memory", "s": "SDRAM uses a clock signal to coordinate memory operations."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/gigabyte/": {"t": "Gigabyte", "s": "A unit of digital information with both decimal and binary definitions."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/voodoo2/": {"t": "Voodoo2", "s": "Three-chip 3D accelerator with dual-texturing and SLI capability.", "i": "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/img/graphics-hardware/voodoo2.webp", "c": "Trio3D · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/refresh-rate/": {"t": "Refresh rate", "s": "Refresh rate measures how often a raster display updates its image."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/matrox-g400/": {"t": "Matrox G400", "s": "Matrox G400: DualHead display and 32-bit precision 3D accelerator."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers-2/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/creative-labs/": {"t": "Creative Labs", "s": "Singaporean audio pioneer behind the Sound Blaster card."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/e/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/hercules-computer-technology/": {"t": "Hercules Computer Technology", "s": "Hercules Computer Technology: pioneer of monochrome graphics and later a Guillemot brand."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony/": {"t": "Sony", "s": "Japanese conglomerate known for electronics and entertainment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony.webp", "c": "Akonnchiroll · via Wikipedia: Sony · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/display-standards/e/display-standards/hdmi/": {"t": "HDMI", "s": "Proprietary digital interface for high-quality audio and video transmission.", "i": "https://codexery.com/display-standards/img/display-standards/hdmi.webp", "c": "Vcengic · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/90-nm-process/": {"t": "90 nm process", "s": "Semiconductor node that mainstreamed 300 mm wafers and 193 nm lithography."}, "https://codexery.com/taiwanese-inventions/e/taiwanese-inventions/45-nm-process/": {"t": "45 nm process", "s": "A semiconductor node that introduced high-κ dielectrics and resolution enhancement techniques."}, "/e/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/quadro/": {"t": "Quadro", "s": "Nvidia's professional workstation graphics card line from 2000 to 2020.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/img/nvidia-and-amd-graphics-processors/quadro.webp", "c": "Barberis, Charles Eugène. Dessinateur du modèle · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/xeon-phi/": {"t": "Xeon Phi", "s": "Intel's manycore x86 coprocessor for supercomputers and servers."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/tesla-inc/": {"t": "Tesla, Inc.", "s": "American automaker and clean energy company founded in July 2003.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/tesla-inc.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tesla, Inc. · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/tianjin/": {"t": "Tianjin", "s": "A dual-core port city on the Hai River and Bohai Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/e/computer-mice-and-monitors/computer-monitor/": {"t": "Computer monitor", "s": "An output device displaying pictorial or textual information from a computer."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/texture-mapping-unit/": {"t": "Texture mapping unit", "s": "GPU component that maps textures onto 3D geometry."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/3dfx/": {"t": "3dfx", "s": "Pioneer of 3D graphics accelerators and the Glide API.", "i": "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/img/graphics-hardware/3dfx.webp", "c": "Fritzchens Fritz · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/voodoo-5/": {"t": "Voodoo 5", "s": "Last and most powerful graphics card line from 3dfx.", "i": "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/img/graphics-hardware/voodoo-5.webp", "c": "Infrogmation of New Orleans · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/kelvin/": {"t": "Kelvin", "s": "British scientist who developed the absolute temperature scale."}, "https://codexery.com/baldur-s-gate-3/e/characters/doom-3/": {"t": "Doom 3", "s": "A first-person shooter set on Mars with a demonic invasion."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/ati-technologies/": {"t": "ATI Technologies", "s": "Canadian fabless GPU developer acquired by AMD in 2006."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/matrox-parhelia/": {"t": "Matrox Parhelia", "s": "Matrox's last major consumer GPU, known for triple-monitor support."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/ddr2-sdram/": {"t": "DDR2 SDRAM", "s": "DDR2 SDRAM is a JEDEC-standard memory interface introduced in 2003."}, "https://codexery.com/american-animated-science-fiction-films/e/american-animated-science-fiction-films/final-fantasy-the-spirits-within/": {"t": "Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within", "s": "A photorealistic animated film about saving Earth from alien Phantoms."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/vc-1/": {"t": "VC-1", "s": "Video coding format standardized as SMPTE 421."}, "https://codexery.com/mpeg-4/e/mpeg-4/mpeg-4/": {"t": "MPEG-4", "s": "Standard for compressing audiovisual data with object-oriented features."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/xfx/": {"t": "XFX", "s": "American hardware maker known for graphics cards and power supplies."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/bfg-technologies/": {"t": "BFG Technologies", "s": "Pioneer of factory-overclocked graphics cards with lifetime warranty."}, "https://codexery.com/windows-components/e/windows-components/adobe-flash-player/": {"t": "Adobe Flash Player", "s": "A discontinued runtime for multimedia and rich internet applications."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/athlon-64-x2/": {"t": "Athlon 64 X2", "s": "First native dual-core desktop CPU from AMD."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/watt/": {"t": "Watt", "s": "SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-2000/": {"t": "Windows 2000", "s": "The first NT release to drop the NT name."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/tesla/": {"t": "Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American engineer; also an EV company and SI unit."}, "https://codexery.com/display-standards/e/display-standards/digital-visual-interface/": {"t": "Digital Visual Interface", "s": "Digital and analog video interface developed by the DDWG.", "i": "https://codexery.com/display-standards/img/display-standards/digital-visual-interface.webp", "c": "Dmitry Makeev · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electronic-arts-franchises/e/electronic-arts-franchises/crysis/": {"t": "Crysis", "s": "A first-person shooter series featuring nanosuit-enhanced soldiers against alien threats.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electronic-arts-franchises/img/electronic-arts-franchises/crysis.webp", "c": "Rico Shen · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/bios/": {"t": "BIOS", "s": "Firmware that initializes hardware and boots an operating system."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/printed-circuit-board/": {"t": "Printed circuit board", "s": "Laminated board connecting electronic components via etched copper traces."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units/": {"t": "General-purpose computing on graphics processing units", "s": "Using GPUs for non-graphics computation to achieve parallel processing speedups."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/kepler-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Kepler (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia's first GPU architecture focused on energy efficiency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/img/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/kepler-microarchitecture.webp", "c": "ILLUSTRATION: NASA, ESA, Leah Hustak (STScI) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/radeon-hd-5000-series/": {"t": "Radeon HD 5000 series", "s": "AMD's Evergreen GPU family introduced TeraScale 2 and Eyefinity multi-display."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/enrico-fermi/": {"t": "Enrico Fermi", "s": "Architect of the nuclear age and the atomic bomb."}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/gddr5-sdram/": {"t": "GDDR5 SDRAM", "s": "High-bandwidth graphics memory standardized by JEDEC."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/radeon-hd-6000-series/": {"t": "Radeon HD 6000 series", "s": "AMD's Northern Islands family, retiring the ATI brand."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler/": {"t": "Johannes Kepler", "s": "German polymath and father of modern astronomy", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johannes Kepler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/maxwell-microarchitecture/": {"t": "Maxwell (microarchitecture)", "s": "Nvidia's GPU microarchitecture succeeding Kepler, focused on power efficiency."}, "https://codexery.com/real-time-strategy-games-of-the-2010s/e/real-time-strategy-games-of-the-2010s/ashes-of-the-singularity/": {"t": "Ashes of the Singularity", "s": "Massive battles with thousands of units in a post-singularity future."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/graphics-core-next/": {"t": "Graphics Core Next", "s": "AMD's RISC GPU microarchitecture succeeding TeraScale."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-7/": {"t": "Windows 7", "s": "Windows 7 is a major Windows NT release succeeding Windows Vista."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-8-1/": {"t": "Windows 8.1", "s": "Windows 8.1 addressed user complaints with interface and feature improvements."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/samsung/": {"t": "Samsung", "s": "South Korean conglomerate and global leader in electronics and shipbuilding."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/pascal/": {"t": "Pascal", "s": "Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, writer, and theologian."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/blaise-pascal/": {"t": "Blaise Pascal", "s": "French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer"}, "https://codexery.com/south-korean-inventions/e/south-korean-inventions/high-bandwidth-memory/": {"t": "High Bandwidth Memory", "s": "3D-stacked SDRAM interface for high bandwidth and low power."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-10/": {"t": "Windows 10", "s": "A desktop-oriented Windows NT release with ongoing feature updates."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/e/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/water-cooling/": {"t": "Water cooling", "s": "Water cooling removes heat via liquid, offering higher thermal conductivity than air."}, "https://codexery.com/pandemics/e/pandemics/covid-19-pandemic/": {"t": "COVID-19 pandemic", "s": "Global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, beginning in late 2019."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/cryptocurrency/": {"t": "Cryptocurrency", "s": "Digital asset using blockchain technology for secure, decentralized transactions."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/e/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/micro-star-international/": {"t": "Micro-Star International", "s": "Taiwanese multinational designer and manufacturer of computer hardware and peripherals."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/radeon-rx-vega-series/": {"t": "Radeon RX Vega series", "s": "AMD's high-end GPU series with HBM2 and GCN 5th gen architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/photorealism/": {"t": "Photorealism", "s": "Art movement reproducing photographs with meticulous realism."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/micron/": {"t": "Micron", "s": "American semiconductor giant and one of the Big Three memory manufacturers."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/radeon-rx-6000-series/": {"t": "Radeon RX 6000 series", "s": "AMD's first GPU series with hardware ray tracing support."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/zotac/": {"t": "ZOTAC", "s": "Singapore-based hardware maker known for GPUs and mini PCs."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ada-lovelace/": {"t": "Ada Lovelace", "s": "English mathematician and writer, first computer programmer."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/graphics-card/": {"t": "Graphics card", "s": "An expansion card that generates graphics output to a display."}, "https://codexery.com/entertainment-news-shows-in-the-united/e/entertainment-news-shows-in-the-united-states/usa-today/": {"t": "USA Today", "s": "A national newspaper known for its colorful, concise design."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-5/": {"t": "PlayStation 5", "s": "Sony's ninth-generation console launched November 2020 with two models."}, "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/e/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/rdna-microarchitecture/": {"t": "RDNA (microarchitecture)", "s": "AMD's GPU microarchitecture succeeding GCN, powering Radeon RX 5000 series onward.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/img/gpu-and-cpu-microarchitectures/rdna-microarchitecture.webp", "c": "FritzchensFritz · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-cards-and-gpus/e/graphics-cards-and-gpus/radeon-rx-7000-series/": {"t": "Radeon RX 7000 series", "s": "AMD's first chiplet-based consumer GPU series with RDNA 3 architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/cost-of-living/": {"t": "Cost of living", "s": "Cost of living measures the expense of a given standard of living."}, "https://codexery.com/adventure-games-of-the-2020s/e/adventure-games-of-the-2020s/the-last-of-us-part-i/": {"t": "The Last of Us Part I", "s": "A remake of the 2013 classic with enhanced gameplay and accessibility.", "i": "https://codexery.com/adventure-games-of-the-2020s/img/adventure-games-of-the-2020s/the-last-of-us-part-i.webp", "c": "Anthony Trollope · Public domain"}}