{"https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ousmane-semb-ne/": {"t": "Ousmane Sembène", "s": "Father of African film and one of Africa's greatest authors."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/dakar/": {"t": "Dakar", "s": "Capital of Senegal, westernmost point of mainland Africa"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/african-art/": {"t": "African art", "s": "Visual art from Africa emphasizing symbolic representation over realism."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/investigative-journalists-and-editors/e/investigative-journalists-and-editors/a-o-scott/": {"t": "A. O. Scott", "s": "American film and literary critic for The New York Times."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/david-lynch/": {"t": "David Lynch", "s": "Visionary filmmaker who brought surrealism to mainstream cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/kyle-maclachlan/": {"t": "Kyle MacLachlan", "s": "The actor David Lynch plucked from obscurity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/dennis-hopper/": {"t": "Dennis Hopper", "s": "Key figure of New Hollywood; actor, director, photographer."}, "https://codexery.com/american-television-series-revived/e/american-television-series-revived-after-cancellation/120-minutes/": {"t": "120 Minutes", "s": "Alternative music program that aired on MTV and MTV2.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-television-series-revived/img/american-television-series-revived-after-cancellation/120-minutes.webp", "c": "Indianapolis South Side Turners · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/blade-runner/e/story/neo-noir/": {"t": "Neo-noir", "s": "A modern adaptation of classic film noir themes and style."}, "https://codexery.com/murder-on-the-orient-express/e/murder-on-the-orient-express/mystery-film/": {"t": "Mystery film", "s": "A genre centered on solving crimes through deduction."}, "https://codexery.com/dune/e/story/dune-1984-film/": {"t": "Dune (1984 film)", "s": "A failed adaptation that gained a cult following."}, "/e/notable-films/eraserhead/": {"t": "Eraserhead", "s": "A surrealist horror film about fatherhood and industrial decay."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/entertainment-weekly/": {"t": "Entertainment Weekly", "s": "Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is an American digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by People Inc., that cov", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/entertainment-weekly.webp", "c": "http://www.ew.com/sites/default/files/i/imgs/100305//feb161990-lang_249.jpg · via Wikipedia: Entertainment Weekly · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/ethics-morality/e/ethics-and-morality/sexual-slavery/": {"t": "Sexual slavery", "s": "Sexual slavery is an abuse of human rights, encompassing forced sexual activities under ownership or coercion."}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/sadomasochism/": {"t": "Sadomasochism", "s": "Pleasure derived from inflicting or receiving pain or humiliation."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-rock-roll/e/pioneers-of-rock-and-roll/roy-orbison/": {"t": "Roy Orbison", "s": "American singer-songwriter known for dark ballads and distinctive voice."}, "https://codexery.com/emi-films-films/e/emi-films-films/the-elephant-man-1980-film/": {"t": "The Elephant Man (1980 film)", "s": "A historical drama about a severely deformed man in Victorian London."}, "https://codexery.com/sirens/e/sirens/song-to-the-siren/": {"t": "Song to the Siren", "s": "A song of mythological allure, covered widely after Buckley's death."}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/arthur-penn/": {"t": "Arthur Penn", "s": "American director who helped launch New Hollywood with Bonnie and Clyde.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/arthur-penn.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arthur Penn · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stage-and-screen-actresses/e/stage-and-screen-actresses/faye-dunaway/": {"t": "Faye Dunaway", "s": "Academy Award-winning actress known for Bonnie and Clyde, Chinatown, and Network."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/gene-hackman/": {"t": "Gene Hackman", "s": "One of the greatest actors of his generation, Hackman's career spanned four decades with two Oscars and iconic roles from Popeye Doyle to Lex Luthor."}, "https://codexery.com/notorious-criminals-outlaws/e/notorious-criminals-and-outlaws/bonnie-and-clyde/": {"t": "Bonnie and Clyde", "s": "Outlaw couple of the Great Depression's public enemy era."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-picture/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "s": "The Academy's highest honor for film production."}, "https://codexery.com/martin-scorsese/e/story/national-film-registry/": {"t": "National Film Registry", "s": "Preserving America's culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant films."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress/": {"t": "Library of Congress", "s": "Oldest federal cultural institution and de facto national library of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/british-dystopian-films/e/british-dystopian-films/fahrenheit-451-1966-film/": {"t": "Fahrenheit 451 (1966 film)", "s": "A fireman begins reading the books he is ordered to burn."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/jean-luc-godard/": {"t": "Jean-Luc Godard", "s": "French New Wave pioneer who revolutionized cinematic form and narrative.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/jean-luc-godard.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jean-Luc Godard · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/william-wyler/": {"t": "William Wyler", "s": "German-born American director with 12 Oscar nominations, three wins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/william-wyler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: William Wyler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/e/auteur-directors/sydney-pollack/": {"t": "Sydney Pollack", "s": "American director of the neo-noir film Absence of Malice (1981).", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/img/auteur-directors/sydney-pollack.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Neo-noir · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stage-and-screen-actresses/e/stage-and-screen-actresses/jane-fonda/": {"t": "Jane Fonda", "s": "American actress and activist with two Oscars and a landmark exercise video series."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/roman-polanski/": {"t": "Roman Polanski", "s": "Award-winning filmmaker and fugitive from U.S. justice.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/roman-polanski.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Roman Polanski · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/jack-nicholson/": {"t": "Jack Nicholson", "s": "American actor known for rebellious roles and three Oscars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/jack-nicholson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jack Nicholson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/incest/": {"t": "Incest", "s": "Sexual relations between close relatives, widely taboo across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/f-scott-fitzgerald/": {"t": "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "s": "American novelist who chronicled the Jazz Age's excess.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/f-scott-fitzgerald.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: F. Scott Fitzgerald · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-bridge/": {"t": "Aqueduct (bridge)", "s": "Ancient bridges for water"}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/mystery-and-crime-writers/raymond-chandler/": {"t": "Raymond Chandler", "s": "The hardboiled detective's poet laureate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/mystery-and-crime-writers/raymond-chandler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Raymond Chandler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/wong-kar-wai/": {"t": "Wong Kar-wai", "s": "Hong Kong auteur of moody, colour-saturated films such as Chungking Express and In the Mood for Love.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/wong-kar-wai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wong Kar-wai · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pop-rock/e/pop-and-rock/faye-wong/": {"t": "Faye Wong", "s": "Chinese singer-songwriter and actress known for blending alternative music with Chinese pop.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pop-rock/img/pop-and-rock/faye-wong.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Faye Wong · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-stars/e/international-film-stars/tony-leung-chiu-wai/": {"t": "Tony Leung Chiu-wai", "s": "One of Asia's most successful and internationally recognized actors."}, "https://codexery.com/hong-kong-martial-arts-films/e/hong-kong-martial-arts-films/ashes-of-time/": {"t": "Ashes of Time", "s": "A wuxia film focused on inner lives over martial arts."}, "https://codexery.com/co-ed-groups/e/co-ed-groups/the-mamas-the-papas/": {"t": "The Mamas & the Papas", "s": "The Mamas & the Papas: defining voices of 1960s counterculture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/co-ed-groups/img/co-ed-groups/the-mamas-the-papas.webp", "c": "Dunhill Records or the graphic artist(s) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/rolling-stone/": {"t": "Rolling Stone", "s": "All the news that fits"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/organized-crime/": {"t": "Organized crime", "s": "Centralized enterprises profiting from illegal activities and racketeering."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/rio-de-janeiro/": {"t": "Rio de Janeiro", "s": "Brazilian city that was capital of a European colonial power."}, "https://codexery.com/because-music-artists/e/because-music-artists/seu-jorge/": {"t": "Seu Jorge", "s": "Brazilian musician and actor known for samba and Bowie covers."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/photography/": {"t": "Photography", "s": "Drawing with light: capturing images through chemical or electronic means."}, "https://codexery.com/theatre/e/theatre/improvisation/": {"t": "Improvisation", "s": "Spontaneous creation without prior planning in arts and engineering."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/e/auteur-film-directors/robert-altman/": {"t": "Robert Altman", "s": "American filmmaker of the New Hollywood era.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/img/auteur-film-directors/robert-altman.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Altman · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company/": {"t": "The Walt Disney Company", "s": "American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company.webp", "c": "Disney Enterprises, Inc. · via Wikipedia: The Walt Disney Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/abbas-kiarostami/": {"t": "Abbas Kiarostami", "s": "The master of Iranian cinema who blurred fiction and reality.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/abbas-kiarostami.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Abbas Kiarostami · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/martin-scorsese/": {"t": "Martin Scorsese", "s": "American filmmaker and major figure of the New Hollywood era."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/stomach-cancer/": {"t": "Stomach cancer", "s": "A malignant tumor of the stomach lining, often diagnosed late."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/silent-film/": {"t": "Silent film", "s": "Silent films conveyed narrative and emotion visually, with live musical accompaniment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/silent-film.webp", "c": "Illuminating Company (Cleveland, Ohio) Publicity Department · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/algerian-war/": {"t": "Algerian War", "s": "Armed conflict leading to Algerian independence from France."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/e/auteur-directors/jane-campion/": {"t": "Jane Campion", "s": "New Zealand filmmaker known for The Piano and The Power of the Dog."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/drama/e/drama/historical-drama/": {"t": "Historical drama", "s": "A dramatic work set in the past with fictionalized elements."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/soviet-partisans/": {"t": "Soviet partisans", "s": "Guerrilla fighters coordinated by the Soviet government against Axis forces in WWII.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/soviet-partisans.webp", "c": "Galvm · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/conscription/": {"t": "Conscription", "s": "Compulsory enlistment in national service, enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/bog/": {"t": "Bog", "s": "A peat-accumulating wetland that is acidic and nutrient-poor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/bog.webp", "c": "CaitNi · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/land-mine/": {"t": "Land mine", "s": "Concealed explosive weapon that endangers civilians long after conflict ends."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/machine-gun/": {"t": "Machine gun", "s": "A fully automatic firearm for sustained direct fire support.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/machine-gun.webp", "c": "Nafis Fuad Ayon · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/dissociative-fugue/": {"t": "Dissociative fugue", "s": "A dissociative disorder involving amnesia and unexpected travel."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/lebensraum/": {"t": "Lebensraum", "s": "German concept of living space driving expansion and genocide."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-revelation/": {"t": "Book of Revelation", "s": "The last book of the New Testament, an apocalyptic prophecy."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/four-horsemen-of-the-apocalypse/": {"t": "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse", "s": "Four riders symbolizing conquest, war, famine, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/ang-lee/": {"t": "Ang Lee", "s": "Taiwanese filmmaker acclaimed for emotionally charged, award-winning films.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/ang-lee.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ang Lee · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/chow-yun-fat/": {"t": "Chow Yun-fat", "s": "The coolest actor in the world, according to the Los Angeles Times."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/michelle-yeoh/": {"t": "Michelle Yeoh", "s": "From ballet to Bond: the action icon who broke barriers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/zhang-ziyi/": {"t": "Zhang Ziyi", "s": "Chinese actress known for strong-willed roles and international acclaim."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-martial-arts-terminology/e/chinese-martial-arts-terminology/wuxia/": {"t": "Wuxia", "s": "Chinese genre of martial arts fiction and low fantasy."}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/columbia-pictures/": {"t": "Columbia Pictures", "s": "A major Hollywood studio since 1924."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was an early modern empire in East Asia ruled by the Manchu people."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/qingdao/": {"t": "Qingdao", "s": "A historic port city blending German heritage with modern Chinese dynamism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/jet-li/": {"t": "Jet Li", "s": "Martial artist, actor, and philanthropist who revived Hong Kong kungfu cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-international-feature-film/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best International Feature Film", "s": "Annual AMPAS award for non-English feature films."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/gobi-desert/": {"t": "Gobi Desert", "s": "A vast cold desert and grassland region spanning southern Mongolia and North China, known for its extreme climate and fossil treasures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/gobi-desert.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kumtag Desert · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/e/auteur-film-directors/spike-lee/": {"t": "Spike Lee", "s": "Brooklyn filmmaker whose work confronts race, media and city life, from Do the Right Thing to BlacKkKlansman.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/img/auteur-film-directors/spike-lee.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Spike Lee · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/ossie-davis/": {"t": "Ossie Davis", "s": "Actor, activist, and voice of conscience.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/ossie-davis.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Angela Davis · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/ruby-dee/": {"t": "Ruby Dee", "s": "American actress and civil rights figure with a career spanning eight decades.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/ruby-dee.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Barbara Stanwyck · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/hardcore-hip-hop-groups/e/hardcore-hip-hop-groups/public-enemy/": {"t": "Public Enemy", "s": "Politically charged hip-hop pioneers from Roosevelt, New York."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-original-screenplay/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "s": "Oscar for screenplays not based on previously published material."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/awards/academy-award-for-best-supporting-actor/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "s": "The Oscar for a supporting performance by an actor, presented since the 9th Academy Awards."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/martin-luther-king-jr/": {"t": "Martin Luther King Jr.", "s": "Civil rights leader who championed nonviolent resistance against racial discrimination."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/american-thriller-television-series/e/american-thriller-television-series/alfred-hitchcock-presents/": {"t": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents", "s": "Good evening, and welcome to suspense."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-hollywood-icons/e/classic-hollywood-icons/robert-mitchum/": {"t": "Robert Mitchum", "s": "American actor and singer known for antihero roles and film noir appearances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classic-hollywood-icons/img/classic-hollywood-icons/robert-mitchum.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Mitchum · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/stanley-kubrick/": {"t": "Stanley Kubrick", "s": "Perfectionist American director whose films across many genres became landmarks of cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/stanley-kubrick.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stanley Kubrick · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/e/comedy-legends/peter-sellers/": {"t": "Peter Sellers", "s": "One of the most accomplished comic actors of the late 20th century.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/img/comedy-legends/peter-sellers.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Peter Sellers on stage, radio, screen and record · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/george-c-scott/": {"t": "George C. Scott", "s": "American actor who declined the Oscar for Patton.", "i": "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/img/golden-age-hollywood/george-c-scott.webp", "c": "One or more of: George Dalziel (1815-1902) Edward Dalziel (1817-1905) John Dalzi · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/film-history-and-movements/cinema-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Cinema of the United Kingdom", "s": "British cinema shaped global film from the 19th century onward."}, "https://codexery.com/music/e/music/we-ll-meet-again/": {"t": "We'll Meet Again", "s": "A 1939 song that became a World War II anthem."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/terry-thomas/": {"t": "Terry-Thomas", "s": "The gap-toothed cad of British comedy", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/terry-thomas.webp", "c": "Joe Mabel · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/illinois/": {"t": "Illinois", "s": "Land of Lincoln", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/illinois.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/common-cold/": {"t": "Common cold", "s": "The most frequent infectious disease in humans, caused by over 200 virus strains."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/john-von-neumann/": {"t": "John von Neumann", "s": "Mathematician who shaped quantum physics, computing, and nuclear strategy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-wayne/": {"t": "John Wayne", "s": "John Wayne: The iconic star of 179 film and television productions, from Stagecoach to True Grit."}, "https://codexery.com/western-television-actors/e/western-television-actors/dan-blocker/": {"t": "Dan Blocker", "s": "American actor known for Hoss Cartwright on Bonanza."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/e/auteur-directors/tod-browning/": {"t": "Tod Browning", "s": "The Edgar Allan Poe of cinema who brought sideshow horrors to the silver screen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/img/auteur-directors/tod-browning.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tod Browning · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/bela-lugosi/": {"t": "Bela Lugosi", "s": "The iconic Count Dracula of stage and screen."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/e/mystery-and-thriller-writers/bram-stoker/": {"t": "Bram Stoker", "s": "The father of vampire fiction and creator of Count Dracula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/img/mystery-and-thriller-writers/bram-stoker.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bram Stoker · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-characters/e/iconic-characters/count-dracula/": {"t": "Count Dracula", "s": "Fictional vampire and antagonist of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/sound-film/": {"t": "Sound film", "s": "Motion picture with synchronized sound, commercially viable by the late 1920s."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/broadway-theatre/": {"t": "Broadway theatre", "s": "The highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world."}, "https://codexery.com/american-gothic-horror-films/e/american-gothic-horror-films/dracula-1931-spanish-language-film/": {"t": "Dracula (1931 Spanish-language film)", "s": "A Spanish-language version of Dracula filmed on the same sets."}, "https://codexery.com/pirate-ships/e/pirate-ships/schooner/": {"t": "Schooner", "s": "A fore-and-aft rigged vessel with two or more masts."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-transfusion/": {"t": "Blood transfusion", "s": "Intravenous transfer of blood components to treat medical conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/lon-chaney/": {"t": "Lon Chaney", "s": "The Man of a Thousand Faces", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/lon-chaney.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lon Chaney · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/nonesuch-records-soundtracks/e/nonesuch-records-soundtracks/dracula-album/": {"t": "Dracula (album)", "s": "Philip Glass and Kronos Quartet score the 1931 Dracula."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/leo-mccarey/": {"t": "Leo McCarey", "s": "American director of screwball comedies and religious films."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/marx-brothers/": {"t": "Marx Brothers", "s": "American comedy troupe from vaudeville to film."}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/groucho-marx/": {"t": "Groucho Marx", "s": "American comedian and Marx Brothers star.", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/groucho-marx.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Silent comedy · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/harpo-marx/": {"t": "Harpo Marx", "s": "Silent clown and harpist of the Marx Brothers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/harpo-marx.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Silent comedy · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/marx-brothers/e/marx-brothers/horse-feathers/": {"t": "Horse Feathers", "s": "A pre-Code Marx Brothers football comedy with surreal gags."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/musical-theatre/": {"t": "Musical theatre", "s": "A theatrical form integrating song, dialogue, acting and dance."}, "https://codexery.com/marx-brothers/e/marx-brothers/the-big-store/": {"t": "The Big Store", "s": "The Marx Brothers' final MGM film."}, "https://codexery.com/laurel-and-hardy/e/laurel-and-hardy/duck-soup-1927-film/": {"t": "Duck Soup (1927 film)", "s": "A silent comedy short with Laurel and Hardy as tramps."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/laurel-and-hardy/": {"t": "Laurel and Hardy", "s": "Silent and sound comedy duo, internationally famous for slapstick."}, "https://codexery.com/marx-brothers/e/marx-brothers/animal-crackers-1930-film/": {"t": "Animal Crackers (1930 film)", "s": "A pre-Code Marx Brothers comedy adapted from their Broadway musical."}, "https://codexery.com/marx-brothers/e/marx-brothers/monkey-business-1931-film/": {"t": "Monkey Business (1931 film)", "s": "Four stowaways run amok on an ocean liner."}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/charlie-chaplin/": {"t": "Charlie Chaplin", "s": "English comic actor and filmmaker, iconic as the Tramp.", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/charlie-chaplin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Charlie Chaplin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/benito-mussolini/": {"t": "Benito Mussolini", "s": "Italian dictator who founded fascism and led Italy in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/amblin-entertainment/": {"t": "Amblin Entertainment", "s": "Film production company founded by Steven Spielberg."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/extraterrestrial-life/": {"t": "Extraterrestrial life", "s": "Hypothetical life originating from worlds beyond Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-film-characters/e/science-fiction-film-characters/e-t-character/": {"t": "E.T. (character)", "s": "A stranded alien who befriends a boy to find his way home."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/imaginary-friend/": {"t": "Imaginary friend", "s": "Imaginary friends are a normative part of childhood and adulthood."}, "https://codexery.com/american-science-fiction-war-films/e/american-science-fiction-war-films/star-wars-film/": {"t": "Star Wars (film)", "s": "A rebel alliance fights to destroy the Empire's Death Star."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-original-score/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "s": "Annual award for original dramatic film underscoring."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-visual-effects/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Visual Effects", "s": "Annual Academy honor for achievement in visual effects."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventions/e/canadian-inventions/imax/": {"t": "IMAX", "s": "Proprietary large-format cinema system with immersive, tall screens."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/planetary-system/": {"t": "Planetary system", "s": "A star's family of orbiting worlds and debris."}, "https://codexery.com/ornamental-garden-plants/e/ornamental-and-garden-plants/chrysanthemum/": {"t": "Chrysanthemum", "s": "A late-season flower symbolizing autumn, cultivated for centuries in East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-united-states/": {"t": "Southern United States", "s": "The Southern United States: a diverse region defined by history, culture, and climate, from the Atlantic to the Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/cocaine/": {"t": "Cocaine", "s": "CNS stimulant derived from coca leaves, with limited medical use."}, "https://codexery.com/chrysalis-records-artists/e/chrysalis-records-artists/toni-basil/": {"t": "Toni Basil", "s": "Singer, choreographer, dancer, actress, and director."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/recreational-drug-use/": {"t": "Recreational drug use", "s": "Use of psychoactive drugs for pleasure or pastime."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-awards/": {"t": "Academy Awards", "s": "Annual awards for cinematic excellence since 1929."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/cannabis-drug/": {"t": "Cannabis (drug)", "s": "A psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant, used for millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/cannabis-drug.webp", "c": "RoodyAlien · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stride-pianists/e/stride-pianists/fats-waller/": {"t": "Fats Waller", "s": "American stride pianist, organist, composer, and singer."}, "https://codexery.com/french-horror-films/e/french-horror-films/french-horror/": {"t": "Horror films in France", "s": "French horror films vary in content and style regionally."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/sissy-spacek/": {"t": "Sissy Spacek", "s": "American actress and singer, Oscar winner for Coal Miner's Daughter."}, "https://codexery.com/heaven-in-popular-culture/e/heaven-in-popular-culture/in-heaven/": {"t": "In Heaven", "s": "A haunting song from David Lynch's Eraserhead."}, "https://codexery.com/bleeding/e/bleeding/nosebleed/": {"t": "Nosebleed", "s": "Bleeding from the nasal cavity, usually minor but occasionally serious."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franz-kafka/": {"t": "Franz Kafka", "s": "German-language Jewish Czech writer of surreal bureaucratic predicaments."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-metamorphosis/": {"t": "The Metamorphosis", "s": "A salesman wakes transformed into a monstrous vermin."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/e/russian-and-soviet-writers/nikolai-gogol/": {"t": "Nikolai Gogol", "s": "Russian writer of Ukrainian origin, master of the grotesque."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/pacific-northwest/": {"t": "Pacific Northwest", "s": "Bi-national region shaped by indigenous cultures and the Canada–U.S. border."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-mythology/e/philippine-mythology/kasanaan/": {"t": "Kasanaan", "s": "The Philippine underworld realm of the dead."}, "https://codexery.com/comedic-performers/e/comedic-performers/jim-carrey/": {"t": "Jim Carrey", "s": "Canadian-American actor known for slapstick and dramatic roles."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/science-fiction/": {"t": "Science fiction", "s": "Genre of speculative fiction about advanced technology and its consequences."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/alexander-pope/": {"t": "Alexander Pope", "s": "English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/alexander-pope.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alexander Pope · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/jaws/e/jaws/montauk-new-york/": {"t": "Montauk, New York", "s": "Hamlet at the tip of Long Island, famed for fishing records."}, "https://codexery.com/french-pop-music-groups/e/french-pop-music-groups/oui-oui/": {"t": "Oui Oui", "s": "French pop group formed in 1983 by Étienne Charry and Michel Gondry."}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/propaganda-films/": {"t": "Propaganda Films", "s": "A production company that reshaped music videos and commercials."}, "https://codexery.com/american-fantasy-comedy-drama-films/e/american-fantasy-comedy-drama-films/human-nature-2001-film/": {"t": "Human Nature (2001 film)", "s": "A comedy-drama about nature, nurture, and waywardness."}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/alain-resnais/": {"t": "Alain Resnais", "s": "French director of memory, time, and narrative innovation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/alain-resnais.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alain Resnais · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/french-science-fiction-films/e/french-science-fiction-films/je-t-aime-je-t-aime/": {"t": "Je t'aime, je t'aime", "s": "A time travel experiment unravels a fractured relationship."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/computer-generated-imagery/": {"t": "Computer-generated imagery", "s": "Computer graphics for images, animation, and simulation."}, "https://codexery.com/silly-symphonies/e/silly-symphonies/silly-symphony/": {"t": "Silly Symphony", "s": "Musical animated shorts that pioneered Technicolor and multiplane camera techniques."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/rca-corporation/": {"t": "RCA Corporation", "s": "Pioneering American electronics and communications firm for over five decades."}, "https://codexery.com/reissue-record-labels/e/reissue-record-labels/reissue/": {"t": "Reissue", "s": "Reissues bring past recordings to new formats and audiences."}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-film-series/e/childrens-film-series/fantasia-franchise/": {"t": "Fantasia (franchise)", "s": "A Disney franchise of music-driven animated films and adaptations."}, "https://codexery.com/animated-films-about-fairies/e/animated-films-about-fairies/fantasia-2000/": {"t": "Fantasia 2000", "s": "A sequel to Fantasia with classical music and IMAX debut."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-1937-film/": {"t": "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)", "s": "The one that started it all: the first American animated feature film.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/snow-white-and-the-seven-dwarfs-1937-film.webp", "c": "Sam Hood · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/": {"t": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "s": "German polymath and most influential writer in the German language"}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/chicago-tribune/": {"t": "Chicago Tribune", "s": "Founded 1847; long styled 'World's Greatest Newspaper'."}, "https://codexery.com/global-pop-folk-legends/e/global-pop-and-folk-legends/leslie-cheung/": {"t": "Leslie Cheung", "s": "Hong Kong singer-actor who shaped Cantopop and cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/global-pop-folk-legends/img/global-pop-and-folk-legends/leslie-cheung.webp", "c": "Lajmmoore · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/gong-li/": {"t": "Gong Li", "s": "One of the best actresses in Chinese cinema, known for her versatility and naturalistic performances."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution/": {"t": "Cultural Revolution", "s": "A sociopolitical movement launched by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/peking-opera/": {"t": "Peking opera", "s": "Dominant form of Chinese opera blending music, dance, and acrobatics."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cinema-of-china/": {"t": "Cinema of China", "s": "China's film industry is a major global market and production hub."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/gender-identity/": {"t": "Gender identity", "s": "Personal sense of one's own gender, distinct from assigned sex."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/humiliation/e/humiliation/struggle-session/": {"t": "Struggle session", "s": "Public humiliation rallies used to enforce Maoist ideology."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/jackie-chan/": {"t": "Jackie Chan", "s": "The dragon who became a legend: Jackie Chan's eight-decade journey from stuntman to global icon."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/tiananmen-square-protests/": {"t": "Tiananmen Square protests", "s": "1989 protests in Beijing ended in a military crackdown."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/brad-pitt/": {"t": "Brad Pitt", "s": "American actor and producer with over $7.5 billion in box office."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/white-collar-worker/": {"t": "White-collar worker", "s": "Office workers performing knowledge-based or administrative tasks."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder/": {"t": "Dissociative identity disorder", "s": "A disputed dissociative disorder involving multiple personality states."}, "https://codexery.com/stock-characters/e/stock-characters/everyman/": {"t": "Everyman", "s": "An ordinary protagonist fostering audience identification through benign conduct."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/unreliable-narrator/": {"t": "Unreliable narrator", "s": "A narrator whose credibility is compromised."}, "https://codexery.com/psychology/e/psychology/id-ego-and-superego/": {"t": "Id, ego and superego", "s": "Freud's three agents of the psychic apparatus."}, "https://codexery.com/torture/e/torture/emasculation/": {"t": "Emasculation", "s": "Removal of external male sex organs for punitive, cultural, or personal reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/dialectic/": {"t": "Dialectic", "s": "A method of reasoning that progresses through resolving contradictions."}, "https://codexery.com/new-zealand-horror-films/e/new-zealand-horror-films/the-frighteners/": {"t": "The Frighteners", "s": "The dead are never far away."}}