{"https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/deep-sky-object/": {"t": "Deep-sky object", "s": "Faint celestial objects beyond stars and Solar System bodies."}, "https://codexery.com/people-associated-with-astronomical/e/people-associated-with-astronomical-catalogues/john-louis-emil-dreyer/": {"t": "John Louis Emil Dreyer", "s": "Danish astronomer who compiled the New General Catalogue."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-cluster/": {"t": "Star cluster", "s": "Groups of stars sharing origin, held by gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/emission-nebula/": {"t": "Emission nebula", "s": "Ionized gases emit light, often red from hydrogen."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/william-herschel/": {"t": "William Herschel", "s": "Discoverer of Uranus and infrared radiation", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/william-herschel.webp", "c": "Lemuel Francis Abbott · via Wikipedia: William Herschel · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/caroline-herschel/": {"t": "Caroline Herschel", "s": "First professional female astronomer and comet discoverer."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/john-herschel/": {"t": "John Herschel", "s": "English polymath who invented the blueprint and advanced astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/people-associated-with-astronomical/e/people-associated-with-astronomical-catalogues/james-dunlop/": {"t": "James Dunlop", "s": "British astronomer who catalogued southern deep-sky objects and double stars."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/photography/": {"t": "Photography", "s": "Drawing with light: capturing images through chemical or electronic means."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/copeland-septet/": {"t": "Copeland Septet", "s": "A compact group of eight interacting galaxies in Leo."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/reflection-nebula/": {"t": "Reflection nebula", "s": "Interstellar dust clouds made visible by reflected starlight."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-astronomy/e/amateur-astronomy/steve-gottlieb-amateur-astronomer/": {"t": "Steve Gottlieb (amateur astronomer)", "s": "Hardcore visual observer who logged all NGC objects."}, "/e/ngc-objects/new-general-catalogue/": {"t": "New General Catalogue", "s": "A foundational catalogue of 7,840 deep-sky objects."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2/": {"t": "NGC 2", "s": "An intermediate spiral galaxy forming an optical double with NGC 1.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-2.webp", "c": "Chuck Ayoub · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Spiral galaxy", "s": "Spiral galaxies feature rotating disks, arms, and often a central bar."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/pegasus/": {"t": "Pegasus", "s": "Constellation of the winged horse from Greek mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/heinrich-louis-d-arrest/": {"t": "Heinrich Louis d'Arrest", "s": "German astronomer who helped discover Neptune and found a periodic comet."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/milky-way/": {"t": "Milky Way", "s": "The barred spiral galaxy containing the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/galaxy-morphological-classification/": {"t": "Galaxy morphological classification", "s": "A system for classifying galaxies by visual appearance and structure."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/hubble-sequence/": {"t": "Hubble sequence", "s": "A morphological galaxy classification scheme published by Edwin Hubble in 1926.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/hubble-sequence.webp", "c": "Cosmogoblin · via Wikipedia: Hubble sequence · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/barred-spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Barred spiral galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy with a central bar of stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/hubble-s-law/": {"t": "Hubble's law", "s": "Galaxies recede faster the farther they are from Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/catalogue-of-nebulae-and-clusters-of-stars/": {"t": "Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars", "s": "Precursor catalogue to the modern New General Catalogue.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/catalogue-of-nebulae-and-clusters-of-stars.webp", "c": "Hui Yang (University of Illinois) and NASA/ESA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/ngc-23/": {"t": "NGC 23", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy in Pegasus, luminous in infrared, with a supernova."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1/": {"t": "NGC 1", "s": "First object in the New General Catalogue, a spiral galaxy in Pegasus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-1.webp", "c": "DESI Legacy Surveys / Dustin Lang (Perimeter Institute) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/double-star/": {"t": "Double star", "s": "A double star is a pair of stars that appear close together as viewed from Earth, either as a gravitationally bound binary or a chance optical alignment."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lenticular-galaxy/": {"t": "Lenticular galaxy", "s": "Intermediate galaxy type with disk and bulge, lacking spiral arms."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/pisces-constellation/": {"t": "Pisces (constellation)", "s": "A zodiac constellation of two fishes connected by cords."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/astronomical-catalogue/": {"t": "Astronomical catalogue", "s": "Lists of astronomical objects grouped by type, origin, or discovery method."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/small-magellanic-cloud/": {"t": "Small Magellanic Cloud", "s": "A dwarf irregular galaxy and naked-eye object near the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cetus-constellation/": {"t": "Cetus (constellation)", "s": "A water constellation home to the first known variable star."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parsec/": {"t": "Parsec", "s": "Unit of distance defined by one arcsecond of parallax.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parsec.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parsec · see source"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-90/": {"t": "NGC 90", "s": "Interacting grand-design spiral galaxy in Andromeda.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-90.webp", "c": "Juan Lacruz · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/andromeda/": {"t": "Andromeda", "s": "Andromeda: a princess, a constellation, and a galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/brightest-cluster-galaxy/": {"t": "Brightest cluster galaxy", "s": "The most massive galaxies, found at cluster centers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/brightest-cluster-galaxy.webp", "c": "ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA. Acknowledgment: Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/galaxy-group/": {"t": "Galaxy group", "s": "The smallest and most common galaxy aggregates in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/bta-6/": {"t": "BTA-6", "s": "World's largest telescope from 1975 to 1990, pioneering altazimuth mount."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-formation/": {"t": "Star formation", "s": "Process by which dense molecular cloud regions collapse into stars."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/interacting-galaxy/": {"t": "Interacting galaxy", "s": "Galaxies whose gravity disturbs one another.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/interacting-galaxy.webp", "c": "NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and A. Eva · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/galactic-disc/": {"t": "Galactic disc", "s": "A thin, rotating component of disc galaxies containing stars and gas."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/jellyfish-galaxy/": {"t": "Jellyfish galaxy", "s": "Galaxy with a gas tail from ram pressure stripping."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/grand-design-spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Grand design spiral galaxy", "s": "Spiral galaxy with prominent, well-defined continuous arms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/grand-design-spiral-galaxy.webp", "c": "Chuck Ayoub · via Wikipedia: Grand design spiral galaxy · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/h-i-region/": {"t": "H I region", "s": "Neutral hydrogen clouds observed via 21-cm radio emission."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/light-year/": {"t": "Light-year", "s": "A unit of distance, not time, used for astronomical scales."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/phoenix-constellation/": {"t": "Phoenix (constellation)", "s": "A southern constellation named after the mythical phoenix.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/phoenix-constellation.webp", "c": "Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Felix Garza · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/robert-s-quartet/": {"t": "Robert's Quartet", "s": "A compact interacting galaxy group smaller than the Milky Way's disk."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-87/": {"t": "NGC 87", "s": "A diffuse irregular galaxy in Robert's Quartet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-87.webp", "c": "ESO · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/open-cluster/": {"t": "Open cluster", "s": "Open clusters are loose groups of young stars formed from the same cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cassiopeia/": {"t": "Cassiopeia", "s": "A northern constellation representing the queen of Ethiopia."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/kappa-cassiopeiae/": {"t": "Kappa Cassiopeiae", "s": "A runaway star with a vast bow shock in Cassiopeia."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-period/": {"t": "Orbital period", "s": "Time for one full orbit around a primary body."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/molecular-cloud/": {"t": "Molecular cloud", "s": "Dense interstellar clouds where stars are born."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-classification/": {"t": "Stellar classification", "s": "System for classifying stars by spectral and luminosity characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/main-sequence/": {"t": "Main sequence", "s": "Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/supergiant/": {"t": "Supergiant", "s": "Massive, luminous stars at the top of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/herbig-ae-be-star/": {"t": "Herbig Ae/Be star", "s": "Pre-main-sequence stars of spectral types A or B, still embedded in gas and dust."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/dwarf-spheroidal-galaxy/": {"t": "Dwarf spheroidal galaxy", "s": "Small, dark-matter-dominated galaxies with old stars and little gas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/dwarf-spheroidal-galaxy.webp", "c": "Science NASA, ESA, Eduardo Vitral (STScI), Roeland van der Marel (STScI), Sangmo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/local-group/": {"t": "Local Group", "s": "Galaxy group containing the Milky Way and Andromeda."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/satellite-galaxy/": {"t": "Satellite galaxy", "s": "Smaller galaxies bound to larger hosts, key to cosmology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/satellite-galaxy.webp", "c": "Original:  AndrewRT Vector:  Slashme · via Wikipedia: Satellite galaxy · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/andromeda-galaxy/": {"t": "Andromeda Galaxy", "s": "Nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-185/": {"t": "NGC 185", "s": "A dwarf spheroidal satellite of Andromeda with a disputed Seyfert nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/walter-baade/": {"t": "Walter Baade", "s": "German astronomer who doubled the known size of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-evolution/e/stellar-evolution/asymptotic-giant-branch/": {"t": "Asymptotic giant branch", "s": "Evolved cool luminous stars on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/interstellar-medium/": {"t": "Interstellar medium", "s": "Matter and radiation between star systems in a galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/tip-of-the-red-giant-branch/": {"t": "Tip of the red-giant branch", "s": "A standard candle using the brightest red-giant-branch stars."}, "https://codexery.com/omniscient-readers-viewpoint/e/world/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "Kim Dokja's world, divided into scenario domes."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/edwin-hubble/": {"t": "Edwin Hubble", "s": "The astronomer who revealed the universe beyond the Milky Way"}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/ob-association/": {"t": "OB association", "s": "Loose, unbound groups of young, massive O and B stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/h-ii-region/": {"t": "H II region", "s": "Ionized hydrogen regions where new stars are born."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-253/": {"t": "NGC 253", "s": "A bright starburst spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/margaret-burbidge/": {"t": "Margaret Burbidge", "s": "Founder of stellar nucleosynthesis and pioneering astronomer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/margaret-burbidge.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Margaret Burbidge · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-hubble-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Hubble Space Telescope", "s": "A versatile space telescope observing ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/dark-energy-spectroscopic-instrument/": {"t": "Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument", "s": "A spectrographic instrument probing dark energy and cosmic expansion."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/comet/": {"t": "Comet", "s": "Icy wanderers that bloom when near the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "Cape of Good Hope", "s": "Rocky headland on the Cape Peninsula, key to the Cape Route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/allan-sandage/": {"t": "Allan Sandage", "s": "American astronomer who determined the first accurate Hubble constant and age of the universe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/allan-sandage.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Allan Sandage · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/astronomical-radio-source/": {"t": "Astronomical radio source", "s": "Objects in space emitting strong radio waves from extreme processes."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cetus/e/stars-of-cetus/beta-ceti/": {"t": "Beta Ceti", "s": "Brightest star in Cetus, an orange giant with flaring activity."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/active-galactic-nucleus/": {"t": "Active galactic nucleus", "s": "Compact region at a galaxy's center emitting non-stellar radiation, powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/sombrero-galaxy/": {"t": "Sombrero Galaxy", "s": "A peculiar galaxy with a prominent dust lane resembling a sombrero."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-247/": {"t": "NGC 247", "s": "An intermediate spiral galaxy with a large void in its disk."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/fritz-zwicky/": {"t": "Fritz Zwicky", "s": "Swiss astronomer who pioneered dark matter and supernova theory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/fritz-zwicky.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Fritz Zwicky · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/blackgem/": {"t": "BlackGEM", "s": "Array of telescopes hunting optical counterparts to gravitational waves."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/bok-globule/": {"t": "Bok globule", "s": "Dark nebulae where stars are born, often forming double or multiple systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nebulae/img/nebulae/bok-globule.webp", "c": "ESO · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/super-smash-bros-fighters/e/super-smash-bros-fighters/pac-man-character/": {"t": "Pac-Man (character)", "s": "The iconic yellow gobbler who started it all."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/edward-emerson-barnard/": {"t": "Edward Emerson Barnard", "s": "Gifted observational astronomer who discovered Barnard's Star."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-astronomy/e/amateur-astronomy/walter-scott-houston/": {"t": "Walter Scott Houston", "s": "Popularizer of amateur astronomy and Deep-Sky Wonders columnist."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/triangulum-galaxy/": {"t": "Triangulum Galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy and third-largest member of the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/ngc-55/": {"t": "NGC 55", "s": "A Magellanic barred spiral near the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/cepheid-variable/": {"t": "Cepheid variable", "s": "Pulsating stars used as cosmic distance markers."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/luminous-blue-variable/": {"t": "Luminous blue variable", "s": "Rare, massive, evolved stars with unpredictable brightness variations, also known as S Doradus variables."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/pan-starrs/": {"t": "Pan-STARRS", "s": "Surveying the sky for moving or variable objects continually."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/charge-coupled-device/": {"t": "Charge-coupled device", "s": "An integrated circuit that converts light into electric charge for imaging."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/stellar-black-hole/": {"t": "Stellar black hole", "s": "Black hole formed by gravitational collapse of a star.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/stellar-black-hole.webp", "c": "ESO/L. Calçada/M.Kornmesser · via Wikipedia: Stellar black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/tucana/": {"t": "Tucana", "s": "A southern constellation featuring a bright globular cluster and the Small Magellanic Cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-system/": {"t": "Star system", "s": "Gravitationally bound groups of stars, from binaries to complex multiples."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-tucana/e/stars-of-tucana/hd-5980/": {"t": "HD 5980", "s": "A triple system in the SMC with a luminous blue variable primary."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/radio-galaxy/": {"t": "Radio galaxy", "s": "Galaxies with giant radio lobes powered by jets from active nuclei."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/astrophysical-jet/": {"t": "Astrophysical jet", "s": "Bipolar streams of ionised matter expelled at high velocity."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/synchrotron-radiation/": {"t": "Synchrotron radiation", "s": "Radiation from relativistic charged particles accelerated perpendicular to velocity."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/field-galaxy/": {"t": "Field galaxy", "s": "A galaxy gravitationally alone, not in a group or cluster.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/field-galaxy.webp", "c": "NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz, M. Mountain, A. Koekemoer · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/nuclear-star-cluster/": {"t": "Nuclear star cluster", "s": "Dense, luminous star clusters at galactic centers, often coexisting with supermassive black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole/": {"t": "Supermassive black hole", "s": "Supermassive black holes anchor the centers of most large galaxies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope · via Wikipedia: Supermassive black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-astronomy/e/amateur-astronomy/donatiello-i/": {"t": "Donatiello I", "s": "A faint dwarf spheroidal galaxy possibly linked to Mirach's Ghost."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-astronomy/e/amateur-astronomy/amateur-astronomy/": {"t": "Amateur astronomy", "s": "Amateur astronomers observe celestial objects for passion, education, and citizen science."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-films/e/notable-films/e-t-the-extra-terrestrial/": {"t": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial", "s": "A boy and his alien friend change cinema forever."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cassiopeia/e/stars-of-cassiopeia/phi-cassiopeiae/": {"t": "Phi Cassiopeiae", "s": "A multiple star system in Cassiopeia with two supergiant components."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-orion/e/stars-of-orion/rigel/": {"t": "Rigel", "s": "Blue supergiant and brightest star in Orion."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/red-supergiant/": {"t": "Red supergiant", "s": "Cool, large stars with supergiant luminosity class K or M."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-robert-a-heinlein/e/novels-by-robert-a-heinlein/variable-star/": {"t": "Variable Star", "s": "A young musician flees romance aboard a starship colony mission."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-517/": {"t": "NGC 517", "s": "Lenticular galaxy in Pisces discovered by William Herschel."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-515/": {"t": "NGC 515", "s": "Lenticular galaxy discovered by William Herschel in 1784."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/dwarf-galaxy/": {"t": "Dwarf galaxy", "s": "Small galaxies shaped by larger neighbors and dark matter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/dwarf-galaxy.webp", "c": "ESA/Hubble & NASA · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/x-ray-astronomy/": {"t": "X-ray astronomy", "s": "Observing the universe in X-rays from above Earth's atmosphere."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-545/": {"t": "NGC 545", "s": "A lenticular galaxy in Cetus, paired with NGC 547."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/fanaroff-riley-classification/": {"t": "Fanaroff–Riley classification", "s": "A scheme dividing radio galaxies by lobe brightness patterns."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-547/": {"t": "NGC 547", "s": "Elliptical radio galaxy with wide-angle tail jets in Cetus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-547.webp", "c": "NASA, ESA, J. Blakeslee (NOIRLab - (AZ)), and W. Sparks (SETI Institute); Proces · Public domain"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-541/": {"t": "NGC 541", "s": "Lenticular radio galaxy in Cetus with a jet-triggered starburst companion."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/chandra-x-ray-observatory/": {"t": "Chandra X-ray Observatory", "s": "Flagship X-ray telescope launched in 1999, still operating."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/elliptical-galaxy/": {"t": "Elliptical galaxy", "s": "Elliptical galaxies are smooth, ellipsoidal galaxies with old stars."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/hydrus/": {"t": "Hydrus", "s": "A southern constellation representing a male water snake."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radiation/": {"t": "Radiation", "s": "Energy emitted as waves or particles through space or matter."}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/brown-dwarf/": {"t": "Brown dwarf", "s": "Substellar objects fusing deuterium, bridging planets and stars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/img/brown-dwarfs/brown-dwarf.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-james-webb-space-telescope/": {"t": "The James Webb Space Telescope", "s": "The largest space telescope, observing the infrared universe from beyond Earth's orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/orion-nebula/": {"t": "Orion Nebula", "s": "The closest massive star-forming region to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/luminosity/": {"t": "Luminosity", "s": "Absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic energy per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/venus/": {"t": "Venus", "s": "Earth's twin, hottest planet, shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/large-magellanic-cloud/": {"t": "Large Magellanic Cloud", "s": "A dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, rich in gas and star formation."}, "https://codexery.com/caldwell-objects/e/caldwell-objects/tarantula-nebula/": {"t": "Tarantula Nebula", "s": "The most active starburst region in the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae-2/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/r136/": {"t": "R136", "s": "Central starburst cluster in the Tarantula Nebula, LMC."}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/stellar-association/": {"t": "Stellar association", "s": "Loose, gravitationally unbound star groups sharing common origin and motion."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/year/": {"t": "Year", "s": "A unit of time based on Earth's orbit around the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cassiopeia/e/stars-of-cassiopeia/epsilon-cassiopeiae/": {"t": "Epsilon Cassiopeiae", "s": "A bright B-type main sequence star in Cassiopeia."}, "https://codexery.com/globular-clusters/e/globular-clusters/globular-cluster/": {"t": "Globular cluster", "s": "Spheroidal star clusters bound by gravity, found in galactic halos."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/beta-cephei-variable/": {"t": "Beta Cephei variable", "s": "Hot blue-white stars pulsating via iron-driven opacity changes."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/be-star/": {"t": "Be star", "s": "Non-supergiant B stars with Balmer emission lines, often surrounded by a gaseous disk."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/hertzsprung-russell-diagram/": {"t": "Hertzsprung–Russell diagram", "s": "Scatter plot linking stellar luminosity and temperature."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-663/": {"t": "NGC 663", "s": "A young open cluster rich in Be stars in Cassiopeia."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cassiopeia/e/stars-of-cassiopeia/delta-cassiopeiae/": {"t": "Delta Cassiopeiae", "s": "Eclipsing binary star in Cassiopeia with the traditional name Ruchbah."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-103/": {"t": "Messier 103", "s": "A small open cluster of faint stars in Cassiopeia."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-inclination/": {"t": "Orbital inclination", "s": "Angle measuring tilt of an orbit relative to a reference plane."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/gravity/": {"t": "Gravity", "s": "Gravity is the fundamental attraction between objects with mass.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/gravity.webp", "c": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Nicoguaro · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/gas/": {"t": "Gas", "s": "A compressible fluid state of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/blue-supergiant/": {"t": "Blue supergiant", "s": "Hot, luminous stars found above and to the right of the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/dark-matter/": {"t": "Dark matter", "s": "Invisible matter inferred from gravitational effects on cosmic scales."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/radio-wave/": {"t": "Radio wave", "s": "Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/supercluster/": {"t": "Supercluster", "s": "Superclusters are among the largest known structures in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/magnitude-astronomy/": {"t": "Magnitude (astronomy)", "s": "Logarithmic scale measuring stellar brightness, with lower values for brighter objects."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/black-hole/": {"t": "Black hole", "s": "An astronomical body from which nothing, not even light, can escape.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope, uploader cropped and converted TIF to JPG · via Wikipedia: Black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-654/": {"t": "NGC 654", "s": "Young open cluster in Cassiopeia, visible with binoculars."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/gaia-spacecraft/": {"t": "Gaia (spacecraft)", "s": "ESA astrometry mission mapping a billion stars."}, "https://codexery.com/periodic-table-elements/e/periodic-table-and-elements/hydrogen/": {"t": "Hydrogen", "s": "The lightest and most abundant element in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/blue-straggler/": {"t": "Blue straggler", "s": "Blue stragglers are luminous, hot stars defying standard stellar evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/astrometric-binary/": {"t": "Astrometric binary", "s": "Some stars appear to circle an invisible point."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-691/": {"t": "NGC 691", "s": "Unbarred spiral galaxy with multiple rings in Aries."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/aries/": {"t": "Aries", "s": "A mid-sized zodiac constellation representing a ram since late Babylonian times."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/tidal-force/": {"t": "Tidal force", "s": "Differential gravity stretches bodies and drives tides across the cosmos."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/ion/": {"t": "Ion", "s": "Atom or molecule with net electric charge from electron-proton imbalance."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae-2/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/post-agb-star/": {"t": "Post-AGB star", "s": "Luminous low-mass supergiants in a late phase of stellar evolution."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-680/": {"t": "NGC 680", "s": "Elliptical galaxy in Aries shaped by a past merger."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/unbarred-spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Unbarred spiral galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy without a central bar structure."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/low-surface-brightness-galaxy/": {"t": "Low surface brightness galaxy", "s": "Diffuse galaxies dominated by dark matter, with faint stellar disks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/low-surface-brightness-galaxy.webp", "c": "ESA/Hubble & NASA, C. Kilpatrick · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/ionization/": {"t": "Ionization", "s": "Process by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons to become ions."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/very-large-array/": {"t": "Very Large Array", "s": "A versatile interferometer array for centimeter-wavelength radio astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/malin-1/": {"t": "Malin 1", "s": "First verified low surface brightness galaxy and one of the largest spirals."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/irregular-galaxy/": {"t": "Irregular galaxy", "s": "Galaxies without a distinct regular shape, often chaotic in appearance."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/surface-brightness/": {"t": "Surface brightness", "s": "Surface brightness measures extended object visibility per angular area."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/plasma-physics/": {"t": "Plasma (physics)", "s": "Plasma is the fourth state of matter, consisting of ionized gas."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/cosmic-microwave-background/": {"t": "Cosmic microwave background", "s": "Relic radiation from the early universe."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/accretion-disk/": {"t": "Accretion disk", "s": "Accretion disks are ubiquitous structures that drive mass onto central objects."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/very-long-baseline-interferometry/": {"t": "Very-long-baseline interferometry", "s": "VLBI combines radio telescopes to emulate a giant telescope."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/kinematics/": {"t": "Kinematics", "s": "Subfield of physics and geometry describing motion without forces."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/william-herschel-telescope/": {"t": "William Herschel Telescope", "s": "Third largest optical telescope at its 1987 completion."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/perseus/": {"t": "Perseus", "s": "Legendary Greek hero and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-884/": {"t": "NGC 884", "s": "Eastern component of the Double Cluster in Perseus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-884.webp", "c": "john.purvis · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/perseus/": {"t": "Perseus", "s": "The hero who beheaded Medusa and rescued Andromeda."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hipparchus/": {"t": "Hipparchus", "s": "Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician; founder of trigonometry and discoverer of the precession of the equinoxes."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/luminous-infrared-galaxy/": {"t": "Luminous infrared galaxy", "s": "Galaxies that outshine the Sun by 100 billion times in infrared."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/ngc-871/": {"t": "NGC 871", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy in Aries, member of gas-rich group LGG 53."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lunar-eclipse/": {"t": "Lunar eclipse", "s": "A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-869/": {"t": "NGC 869", "s": "Western component of the Double Cluster in Perseus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-869.webp", "c": "Yann Forget · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/caldwell-catalogue/": {"t": "Caldwell catalogue", "s": "A catalogue of 109 deep-sky objects for amateur astronomers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/caldwell-catalogue.webp", "c": "NASA Hubble · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/southern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Southern Hemisphere", "s": "The Southern Hemisphere is Earth's southern half, mostly ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/ngc-925/": {"t": "NGC 925", "s": "Barred spiral with offset bar and dominant southern arm."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/ngc-959/": {"t": "NGC 959", "s": "A spiral galaxy with uncertain classification in Triangulum."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1003/": {"t": "NGC 1003", "s": "Unbarred spiral galaxy in Perseus with a warped eastern disk."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1023/": {"t": "NGC 1023", "s": "A barred lenticular galaxy in Perseus with a rich globular cluster system."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cassiopeia/e/stars-of-cassiopeia/heart-and-soul-nebula/": {"t": "Heart and Soul Nebula", "s": "A vast star-forming complex in Cassiopeia's Perseus Arm."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/star-wars/": {"t": "Star Wars", "s": "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/star-wars.webp", "c": "Original: The Walt Disney Company, Suzy Rice Vector:  Weweje · via Wikipedia: Star Wars · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/star-wars/e/characters/darth-vader/": {"t": "Darth Vader", "s": "The fallen Jedi Anakin Skywalker, turned Sith Lord and enforcer of the Galactic Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/planetary-nebulae/e/planetary-nebulae/planetary-nebula/": {"t": "Planetary nebula", "s": "Expanding shells of ionized gas from dying intermediate-mass stars."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-77/": {"t": "Messier 77", "s": "Bright Seyfert galaxy with an obscured active nucleus."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1060/": {"t": "NGC 1060", "s": "Brightest member of LGG 72 with a disturbed intergalactic medium."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/ring-galaxy/": {"t": "Ring galaxy", "s": "A galaxy with a ring-shaped structure of stars and gas."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/rosat-objects/e/rosat-objects/rosat/": {"t": "ROSAT", "s": "German-led X-ray telescope that surveyed the entire X-ray sky."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/virgo-supercluster/": {"t": "Virgo Supercluster", "s": "A typical poor supercluster containing the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/magellanic-spiral/": {"t": "Magellanic spiral", "s": "Dwarf spiral galaxies with a single prominent arm, often complex.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/magellanic-spiral.webp", "c": "European Space Agency · via Wikipedia: Magellanic spiral · CC BY-SA 3.0 igo"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1052/": {"t": "NGC 1052", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with twin jets and a powerful black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/redshift/": {"t": "Redshift", "s": "Redshift measures the stretching of light from moving or distant sources."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/sagittarius-a/": {"t": "Sagittarius A*", "s": "Supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/img/cosmic-mysteries/sagittarius-a.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sagittarius A · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/messier-87/": {"t": "Messier 87", "s": "A supergiant elliptical galaxy with a relativistic jet and supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/atacama-large-millimeter-array/": {"t": "Atacama Large Millimeter Array", "s": "66-antenna interferometer observing millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/speed-of-light/": {"t": "Speed of light", "s": "Universal constant defining the maximum speed in spacetime."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/eridanus-constellation/": {"t": "Eridanus (constellation)", "s": "A sprawling river constellation in the southern sky."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/whirlpool-galaxy/": {"t": "Whirlpool Galaxy", "s": "First galaxy classified as spiral, interacting with NGC 5195."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/gravitational-collapse/": {"t": "Gravitational collapse", "s": "Gravitational collapse shapes stars, remnants, and black holes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/gravitational-collapse.webp", "c": "Illustration by R.J. Hall. Redrawn in Inkscape by Magasjukur2 · via Wikipedia: Gravitational collapse · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/perseus-cluster/": {"t": "Perseus Cluster", "s": "One of the most massive objects in the known universe."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1275/": {"t": "NGC 1275", "s": "A Seyfert galaxy merging with the Perseus Cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1277/": {"t": "NGC 1277", "s": "A relic galaxy with ancient stars and little dark matter."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/intracluster-medium/": {"t": "Intracluster medium", "s": "Superheated plasma permeating galaxy clusters, emitting strong X-rays."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/type-cd-galaxy/": {"t": "Type-cD galaxy", "s": "Supergiant elliptical galaxies at the centres of rich clusters."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/cooling-flow/": {"t": "Cooling flow", "s": "Predicted rapid cooling of intracluster medium in galaxy clusters."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-surveys/e/astronomical-surveys/dark-energy-survey/": {"t": "Dark Energy Survey", "s": "A survey constraining dark energy through multiple cosmological probes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-surveys/img/astronomical-surveys/dark-energy-survey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dark Energy Survey · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/reticulum/": {"t": "Reticulum", "s": "A faint southern constellation named for a telescope reticle."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/mini-magellanic-cloud/": {"t": "Mini Magellanic Cloud", "s": "A smaller remnant of the Small Magellanic Cloud.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/mini-magellanic-cloud.webp", "c": "ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/intermediate-mass-black-hole/": {"t": "Intermediate-mass black hole", "s": "A class of black hole with mass between 100 and 100,000 solar masses."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3982/": {"t": "NGC 3982", "s": "A Seyfert 2 spiral galaxy in the M109 Group."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/velocity-dispersion/": {"t": "Velocity dispersion", "s": "Statistical spread of velocities in astronomical groups."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/peculiar-galaxy/": {"t": "Peculiar galaxy", "s": "Galaxies of unusual size, shape, or composition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/peculiar-galaxy.webp", "c": "ESA/Hubble & NASA · via Wikipedia: Peculiar galaxy · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/fornax-cluster/": {"t": "Fornax Cluster", "s": "Second richest galaxy cluster within 100 million light-years after Virgo."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-1316/": {"t": "NGC 1316", "s": "Lenticular radio galaxy in the Fornax Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1365/": {"t": "NGC 1365", "s": "A double-barred spiral galaxy in the Fornax Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1380/": {"t": "NGC 1380", "s": "A lenticular Fornax Cluster galaxy with a LINER nucleus and dual globular cluster populations."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1381/": {"t": "NGC 1381", "s": "Edge-on lenticular galaxy with a boxy bulge in the Fornax Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1404/": {"t": "NGC 1404", "s": "Bright elliptical galaxy in the Fornax Cluster, rich in globular clusters."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-1427a/": {"t": "NGC 1427A", "s": "A dwarf irregular galaxy plunging into the Fornax Cluster.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-1427a.webp", "c": "NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) · Public domain"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1532/": {"t": "NGC 1532", "s": "An edge-on barred spiral galaxy interacting with a dwarf companion."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3049/": {"t": "NGC 3049", "s": "Barred spiral starburst galaxy in Leo, Markarian 710."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1374/": {"t": "NGC 1374", "s": "An early-type galaxy near the center of the Fornax Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1386/": {"t": "NGC 1386", "s": "A nearby Seyfert galaxy with a Compton-thick active nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-1396/": {"t": "NGC 1396", "s": "Dwarf elliptical in Fornax with a rich globular cluster system."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1399/": {"t": "NGC 1399", "s": "Central giant of the Fornax Cluster, rich in globular clusters."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-1373/": {"t": "NGC 1373", "s": "A compact dwarf elliptical in the Fornax Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/ultraviolet-visible-spectroscopy/": {"t": "Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy", "s": "Measures light absorption to identify and quantify substances."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/interstellar-cloud/": {"t": "Interstellar cloud", "s": "Denser-than-average regions of the interstellar medium, where hydrogen can be neutral, ionized, or molecular."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/taurus/": {"t": "Taurus (constellation)", "s": "An ancient zodiac constellation featuring the Pleiades and the Crab Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/blue-giant/": {"t": "Blue giant", "s": "Hot, evolved stars in a particular region of the HR diagram."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/pleiades/": {"t": "Pleiades", "s": "An open star cluster nearest to Earth and visible to the naked eye."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/alcyone-star/": {"t": "Alcyone (star)", "s": "Brightest star in the Pleiades, a blue-white giant with a gaseous disk."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/atlas-star/": {"t": "Atlas (star)", "s": "Binary star in the Pleiades, named after the Titan Atlas."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/electra-star/": {"t": "Electra (star)", "s": "Third-brightest star in the Pleiades, a blue-white giant."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-myths/e/astronomical-myths/pleiades-greek-mythology/": {"t": "Pleiades (Greek mythology)", "s": "Seven sister-nymphs turned into a star cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-taurus/e/stars-of-taurus/pleione-star/": {"t": "Pleione (star)", "s": "A rapidly rotating Be star in the Pleiades cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/bayer-designation/": {"t": "Bayer designation", "s": "Systematic stellar naming using Greek and Latin letters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/bayer-designation.webp", "c": "Easy n · via Wikipedia: Bayer designation · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/absorption-spectroscopy/": {"t": "Absorption spectroscopy", "s": "Technique measuring radiation absorption to identify and quantify substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/absorption-spectroscopy.webp", "c": "MarsInSVG · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/myth/": {"t": "Myth", "s": "A sacred narrative central to a society's values and worldview."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/horologium-constellation/": {"t": "Horologium (constellation)", "s": "A faint southern constellation representing a pendulum clock."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/asteroid-terrestrial-impact-last-alert-system/": {"t": "Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System", "s": "Robotic survey providing days to weeks of warning for smaller asteroid impacts."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-camelopardalis/e/stars-of-camelopardalis/kemble-s-cascade/": {"t": "Kemble's Cascade", "s": "A straight cascade of stars flowing into NGC 1502."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-evolution/e/stellar-evolution/main-sequence-turnoff/": {"t": "Main sequence turnoff", "s": "The point where a star leaves the main sequence after fuel exhaustion."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/rr-lyrae-variable/": {"t": "RR Lyrae variable", "s": "Pulsating standard candles used for measuring galactic distances."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1493/": {"t": "NGC 1493", "s": "Barred spiral Seyfert II galaxy in Horologium, discovered by James Dunlop."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-1512/": {"t": "NGC 1512", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy merging with dwarf companion NGC 1510."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4631/": {"t": "NGC 4631", "s": "Edge-on barred spiral galaxy resembling a whale.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-4631.webp", "c": "Shaihulud D. D. · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/massively-multiplayer-online-first/e/massively-multiplayer-online-first-person-shooter-games/elite-dangerous/": {"t": "Elite Dangerous", "s": "A 1:1 scale Milky Way with spaceflight, combat, and on-foot exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/dorado-group/": {"t": "Dorado Group", "s": "A rich southern galaxy group with a dense core of luminous galaxies."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/visible-spectrum/": {"t": "Visible spectrum", "s": "The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1792/": {"t": "NGC 1792", "s": "A flocculent spiral galaxy with intense star formation and a possible bar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-1792.webp", "c": "ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker, F. Belfiore, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team · Public domain"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-1808/": {"t": "NGC 1808", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy with starburst activity and a suspected weak active nucleus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-1808.webp", "c": "ESO · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/lepus-constellation/": {"t": "Lepus (constellation)", "s": "A hare constellation south of Orion, listed by Ptolemy."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/red-giant/": {"t": "Red giant", "s": "A late-phase, luminous giant star with an inflated atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/religious/columba/": {"t": "Columba", "s": "Irish abbot and missionary who spread Christianity in Scotland"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/columba-constellation/": {"t": "Columba (constellation)", "s": "A faint dove-shaped constellation south of Canis Major."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/radio-astronomy/": {"t": "Radio astronomy", "s": "Passive observation of celestial objects using radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/img/astrophotography/radio-astronomy.webp", "c": "Maksym Kozlenko · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-x-ray-sources/e/astronomical-x-ray-sources/x-ray-binary/": {"t": "X-ray binary", "s": "Binary stars luminous in X-rays, powered by accretion onto a compact object.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-x-ray-sources/img/astronomical-x-ray-sources/x-ray-binary.webp", "c": "(Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/line-of-sight-propagation/": {"t": "Line-of-sight propagation", "s": "Radio waves above 30 MHz travel in a direct visual path."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/hyades-star-cluster/": {"t": "Hyades (star cluster)", "s": "Nearest open cluster, key rung on the cosmic distance ladder."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-evolution/": {"t": "Stellar evolution", "s": "Stars evolve from gas clouds to white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/instability-strip/": {"t": "Instability strip", "s": "A region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram where pulsating variable stars are found, driven by the Kappa–mechanism involving doubly ionized helium."}, "https://codexery.com/people-associated-with-astronomical/e/people-associated-with-astronomical-catalogues/guillaume-bigourdan/": {"t": "Guillaume Bigourdan", "s": "French astronomer who catalogued nebulae and discovered asteroid 390 Alma."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/orion/": {"t": "Orion (constellation)", "s": "A winter constellation named after a hunter in Greek mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-orion/e/stars-of-orion/orion-s-sword/": {"t": "Orion's Sword", "s": "A compact asterism of stars and the Orion Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae-2/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/sharpless-catalog/": {"t": "Sharpless catalog", "s": "Catalog of 313 H II regions, planetary nebulae, and supernova remnants."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-taurus/e/stars-of-taurus/t-tauri/": {"t": "T Tauri", "s": "Prototype T Tauri star, a trinary system with variable nebulae."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/herbig-haro-object/": {"t": "Herbig–Haro object", "s": "Bright patches of nebulosity from newborn stars' jets."}, "https://codexery.com/periodic-table-elements/e/periodic-table-and-elements/argon/": {"t": "Argon", "s": "A noble gas that is inert, abundant, and widely used industrially."}, "https://codexery.com/periodic-table-elements/e/periodic-table-and-elements/neon/": {"t": "Neon", "s": "A noble gas known for its bright red-orange glow."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-orion/e/stars-of-orion/v380-orionis/": {"t": "V380 Orionis", "s": "Young multiple star system at the center of NGC 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/dark-nebula/": {"t": "Dark nebula", "s": "Dark patches in the Milky Way that block visible light", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/dark-nebula.webp", "c": "Thedarksideobservatory · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/submillimetre-astronomy/": {"t": "Submillimetre astronomy", "s": "Submillimetre astronomy traces cold gas and dust across the universe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/img/astrophotography/submillimetre-astronomy.webp", "c": "ESO/ P. Horálek · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/atacama-pathfinder-experiment/": {"t": "Atacama Pathfinder Experiment", "s": "A 12-metre submillimetre telescope at Chajnantor, Chile."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/radio-telescope/": {"t": "Radio telescope", "s": "Detecting the invisible universe through radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/radio-telescope.webp", "c": "Photograph by Mike Peel ( www.mikepeel.net ). · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae-2/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/hh-1-2/": {"t": "HH 1/2", "s": "First recognized Herbig-Haro objects, a bright bow-shock pair in Orion."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/pictor/": {"t": "Pictor", "s": "A southern constellation named for the painter's easel.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/pictor.webp", "c": "Albertus Pictor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/galactic-bulge/": {"t": "Galactic bulge", "s": "Dense star groups at spiral galaxy centers, with varied origins."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/dorado/": {"t": "Dorado", "s": "Southern constellation containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/supernova-remnants/e/supernova-remnants/supernova-remnant/": {"t": "Supernova remnant", "s": "Expanding structures from stellar explosions, key sources of cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae-2/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/vfts-102/": {"t": "VFTS 102", "s": "A rapidly rotating runaway star in the Tarantula Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-kinematics/": {"t": "Stellar kinematics", "s": "Observational study of star motions through space."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/bepposax/": {"t": "BeppoSAX", "s": "Italian–Dutch satellite that resolved the origin of gamma-ray bursts."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-auriga/e/stars-of-auriga/beta-aurigae/": {"t": "Beta Aurigae", "s": "A binary star system that will become the night's brightest star."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-auriga/e/stars-of-auriga/xi-aurigae/": {"t": "Xi Aurigae", "s": "A white-hued star in Auriga, once part of Camelopardalis."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/algol-variable/": {"t": "Algol variable", "s": "Eclipsing binary stars with well-defined, near-spherical components."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/rs-canum-venaticorum-variable/": {"t": "RS Canum Venaticorum variable", "s": "Close binary stars with starspots causing brightness variations."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/gemini/": {"t": "Gemini", "s": "A zodiac constellation representing the twins Castor and Pollux."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea/": {"t": "New Guinea", "s": "The world's second-largest island, rich in biodiversity and cultural history."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-35/": {"t": "Messier 35", "s": "An open cluster in Gemini, nearly moon-sized and 2,970 light-years away."}, "https://codexery.com/british-science-fiction-television-shows/e/british-science-fiction-television-shows/red-dwarf/": {"t": "Red Dwarf", "s": "A British sci-fi comedy about the last human in space."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/cataclysmic-variable-star/": {"t": "Cataclysmic variable star", "s": "Binary stars that brighten dramatically via accretion-driven outbursts."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/altona-observatory/": {"t": "Altona Observatory", "s": "Founded by Schumacher in 1823, closed in 1871."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/canis-major/": {"t": "Canis Major", "s": "The Greater Dog, home to Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/canis-major.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Canis Major · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/monoceros/": {"t": "Monoceros", "s": "A faint equatorial constellation named for the unicorn."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2239/": {"t": "NGC 2239", "s": "An open cluster in the Rosette Nebula with massive O-type stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/nebular-hypothesis/": {"t": "Nebular hypothesis", "s": "Model explaining Solar System formation from gas and dust."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/mass/": {"t": "Mass", "s": "Intrinsic property measuring inertia and gravitational attraction."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2237/": {"t": "NGC 2237", "s": "Part of the Rosette Nebula, an H II region in Monoceros."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/hale-telescope/": {"t": "Hale Telescope", "s": "A 200-inch reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory, completed in 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/blink-comparator/": {"t": "Blink comparator", "s": "A device for blinking between sky photos to spot changes."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/cone-nebula/": {"t": "Cone Nebula", "s": "A dark absorption nebula in front of a faint emission nebula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nebulae/img/nebulae/cone-nebula.webp", "c": "NASA , H. Ford (JHU), G. Illingworth (UCSC/LO), M.Clampin ( STScI ), G. Hartig ( · Public domain"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3081/": {"t": "NGC 3081", "s": "A barred lenticular ring galaxy with four resonance rings."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/megamaser/": {"t": "Megamaser", "s": "A naturally occurring source of stimulated spectral line emission with large isotropic luminosity."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/advanced-satellite-for-cosmology-and-astrophysics/": {"t": "Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics", "s": "First X-ray satellite to combine imaging, spectroscopy, and CCD technology."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/polarization-waves/": {"t": "Polarization (waves)", "s": "Property of transverse waves specifying oscillation orientation."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2300/": {"t": "NGC 2300", "s": "Lenticular galaxy possibly hosting the largest radio lobes of any GRG."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cepheus/": {"t": "Cepheus", "s": "Northern constellation named after a mythical king of Aethiopia."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2139/": {"t": "NGC 2139", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy with tidal features and an offset nuclear cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2207/": {"t": "NGC 2207", "s": "A colliding spiral galaxy paired with IC 2163."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2293/": {"t": "NGC 2293", "s": "A lenticular galaxy with a shared HI ring and Halloween-like appearance."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2280/": {"t": "NGC 2280", "s": "A large, undisturbed spiral galaxy in Canis Major."}, "https://codexery.com/objects-believed-to-protect-from-evil/e/objects-believed-to-protect-from-evil/jack-o-lantern/": {"t": "Jack-o'-lantern", "s": "A carved lantern used to ward off evil spirits at Halloween."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2276/": {"t": "NGC 2276", "s": "A disturbed spiral galaxy with a black hole and supernova history."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-604/": {"t": "NGC 604", "s": "A supergiant H II region in the Triangulum Galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/spectroscopy/": {"t": "Spectroscopy", "s": "Spectroscopy measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra interacting with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/gum-catalog/": {"t": "Gum catalog", "s": "Catalog of 84 southern emission nebulae by Colin Gum."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/giovanni-battista-hodierna/": {"t": "Giovanni Battista Hodierna", "s": "Italian astronomer who catalogued nebulous objects and double stars."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/tau-canis-majoris/": {"t": "Tau Canis Majoris", "s": "A multiple star system at the heart of open cluster NGC 2362."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/m81-group/": {"t": "M81 Group", "s": "One of the nearest galaxy groups to the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/time-domain-astronomy/": {"t": "Time-domain astronomy", "s": "Study of how astronomical objects change with time."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ddo-44/": {"t": "DDO 44", "s": "Dwarf spheroidal galaxy with tidal tails, satellite of NGC 2403."}, "https://codexery.com/castor-and-pollux/e/castor-and-pollux/pollux-star/": {"t": "Pollux (star)", "s": "Brightest star in Gemini and closest red giant to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/planetary-nebulae/e/planetary-nebulae/eskimo-nebula/": {"t": "Eskimo Nebula", "s": "A bipolar double-shell planetary nebula in Gemini."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-evolution/e/stellar-evolution/white-dwarf/": {"t": "White dwarf", "s": "A compact star supported by electron degeneracy pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/cyanide/": {"t": "Cyanide", "s": "A highly toxic compound used industrially and found in nature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry/img/chemistry/cyanide.webp", "c": "NegativeZ · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/puppis/": {"t": "Puppis", "s": "Puppis is the largest remnant of the ancient Argo Navis constellation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/puppis.webp", "c": "(Credit: ROSAT: NASA/GSFC/S.Snowden et al.; Optical: NOAO/AURA/NSF/Middlebury Co · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/volans/": {"t": "Volans", "s": "A southern constellation representing a flying fish."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/cape-town/": {"t": "Cape Town", "s": "Legislative capital of South Africa, oldest city, and gateway to the Cape Floristic Region."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2445/": {"t": "NGC 2445", "s": "A ring galaxy distorted by collision with NGC 2444."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2444/": {"t": "NGC 2444", "s": "A lenticular galaxy colliding with NGC 2445 in Arp 143."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-astronomy/e/amateur-astronomy/terence-dickinson/": {"t": "Terence Dickinson", "s": "Canadian amateur astronomer, author, and founder of SkyNews magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-puppis/e/stars-of-puppis/hd-64568/": {"t": "HD 64568", "s": "A massive O-type star in Puppis OB2."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/protostar/": {"t": "Protostar", "s": "Earliest phase of stellar evolution, gathering mass from a molecular cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/magnetic-field/": {"t": "Magnetic field", "s": "A vector field quantifying magnetic influence at a given location."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-hercules/e/stars-of-hercules/markarian-501/": {"t": "Markarian 501", "s": "A blazar galaxy with extreme gamma-ray flares and a relativistic jet."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-315/": {"t": "NGC 315", "s": "Massive elliptical galaxy in Pisces with a highly prolate shape."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3862/": {"t": "NGC 3862", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with a superluminal jet visible in optical light.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-3862.webp", "c": "P. Crane ([../../../../../../ European Southern Observatory]) and NASA / ESA · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/gamma-ray/": {"t": "Gamma ray", "s": "Penetrating electromagnetic radiation from nuclear decay and cosmic events."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-puppis/e/stars-of-puppis/rho-puppis/": {"t": "Rho Puppis", "s": "Prototype of the Rho Puppis class of evolved Am stars."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cancer/e/stars-of-cancer/cancer-constellation/": {"t": "Cancer (constellation)", "s": "The dimmest zodiac constellation, home to the Praesepe star cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/c-lum-australe-stelliferum/": {"t": "Cœlum Australe Stelliferum", "s": "French astronomer who catalogued southern stars and named 14 constellations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/c-lum-australe-stelliferum.webp", "c": "Nicolas Louis de Lacaille . · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/extinction-astronomy/": {"t": "Extinction (astronomy)", "s": "Extinction dims and reddens starlight via interstellar dust and gas."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/vela-constellation/": {"t": "Vela (constellation)", "s": "Vela is the southern constellation of the ship's sails."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-vela/e/stars-of-vela/2mass-j08090250-4858172/": {"t": "2MASS J08090250−4858172", "s": "Star in NGC 2547 with observed planetesimal collisions."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/impact-event/": {"t": "Impact event", "s": "Collisions between astronomical objects that shape planets and life."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2613/": {"t": "NGC 2613", "s": "Spiral galaxy in Pyxis, discovered by William Herschel in 1784."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/antlia-cluster/": {"t": "Antlia Cluster", "s": "Third-nearest galaxy cluster to the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/octans/": {"t": "Octans", "s": "A faint southern constellation housing the south celestial pole.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/octans.webp", "c": "Octans · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/celestial-pole/": {"t": "Celestial pole", "s": "Fixed points in the sky around which all stars appear to rotate."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/hydra-constellation/": {"t": "Hydra (constellation)", "s": "The largest constellation, a water snake straddling the celestial equator."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/ultraviolet-astronomy/": {"t": "Ultraviolet astronomy", "s": "Observing the hot, energetic universe in ultraviolet light."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/pyxis/": {"t": "Pyxis", "s": "A faint southern constellation representing a mariner's compass.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/pyxis.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/galactic-tide/": {"t": "Galactic tide", "s": "Tidal force from a galaxy's gravitational field."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2748/": {"t": "NGC 2748", "s": "A spiral galaxy with a stellar shell and multiple supernovae."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-australia/e/space-program-of-australia/csiro/": {"t": "CSIRO", "s": "Australia's national science agency, advancing research since 1916."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/ursa-major/": {"t": "Ursa Major", "s": "The Great Bear of the Northern Sky", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/ursa-major.webp", "c": "IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) · via Wikipedia: Ursa Major · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/international-ultraviolet-explorer/": {"t": "International Ultraviolet Explorer", "s": "First space observatory for real-time ultraviolet spectroscopy."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/vela-supernova-remnant/": {"t": "Vela supernova remnant", "s": "One of the closest and brightest supernova remnants in X-rays."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2655/": {"t": "NGC 2655", "s": "A lenticular Seyfert galaxy with signs of past mergers."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/luminous-red-nova/": {"t": "Luminous red nova", "s": "A stellar explosion from the merger of two stars."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/leo/": {"t": "Leo (constellation)", "s": "Zodiac constellation representing the Nemean Lion slain by Heracles."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/lambda-leonis/": {"t": "Lambda Leonis", "s": "A K-type giant star in Leo, also known as Alterf."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2968/": {"t": "NGC 2968", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy in Leo with a possible active nucleus."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3003/": {"t": "NGC 3003", "s": "A disturbed barred spiral galaxy in Leo Minor."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3021/": {"t": "NGC 3021", "s": "A spiral galaxy used to refine the Hubble constant."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2964/": {"t": "NGC 2964", "s": "Intermediate spiral galaxy in Leo with a weak bar and four spiral arms."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-81/": {"t": "Messier 81", "s": "Grand design spiral galaxy with an active nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/sextans/": {"t": "Sextans", "s": "A faint equatorial constellation named for Hevelius's lost sextant."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-filaments/e/galaxy-filaments/leo-cloud/": {"t": "Leo Cloud", "s": "Galaxy filament of at least 18 groups behind the Virgo Cluster.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxy-filaments/img/galaxy-filaments/leo-cloud.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Leo Cloud · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/ubv-photometric-system/": {"t": "UBV photometric system", "s": "First standardized photometric system for stellar classification."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-resonance/": {"t": "Orbital resonance", "s": "Orbital resonance shapes planetary systems through periodic gravitational interactions."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/carina-constellation/": {"t": "Carina (constellation)", "s": "Southern constellation representing the keel of the ship Argo."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3175/": {"t": "NGC 3175", "s": "A weakly-barred spiral galaxy viewed nearly edge-on."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3621/": {"t": "NGC 3621", "s": "A pure-disk spiral galaxy with an active nucleus and a bright supernova."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/pinwheel-galaxy/": {"t": "Pinwheel Galaxy", "s": "A large face-on spiral galaxy in Ursa Major."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/draco/": {"t": "Draco", "s": "A northern constellation named for the Greco-Latin word for serpent or dragon."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3516/": {"t": "NGC 3516", "s": "A variable Seyfert galaxy with a supermassive black hole."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3169/": {"t": "NGC 3169", "s": "A peculiar spiral galaxy with an active nucleus and interacting companion."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3166/": {"t": "NGC 3166", "s": "Lenticular galaxy in Sextans with interacting companions and a tidal dwarf."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/galaxy-cluster/": {"t": "Galaxy cluster", "s": "Largest gravitationally bound structures, composed of galaxies, gas, and dark matter."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3137/": {"t": "NGC 3137", "s": "A large, unbarred spiral galaxy in the NGC 3175 Group."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3187/": {"t": "NGC 3187", "s": "A low surface brightness barred spiral in Hickson Compact Group 44."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3227/": {"t": "NGC 3227", "s": "A Seyfert spiral interacting with a dwarf elliptical companion."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3226/": {"t": "NGC 3226", "s": "Dwarf elliptical interacting with spiral NGC 3227 in Leo."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/intermediate-luminosity-optical-transient/": {"t": "Intermediate luminosity optical transient", "s": "An explosive stellar event between nova and supernova brightness."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-300/": {"t": "NGC 300", "s": "A nearby spiral galaxy in Sculptor, similar to the Triangulum Galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/dwarf-elliptical-galaxy/": {"t": "Dwarf elliptical galaxy", "s": "Small elliptical galaxies common in groups and clusters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/dwarf-elliptical-galaxy.webp", "c": "NASA Hubble · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/gamma-leonis/": {"t": "Gamma Leonis", "s": "Binary red giant system in Leo with one exoplanet."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/rcw-catalogue/": {"t": "RCW Catalogue", "s": "Catalogue of 182 southern Hα-emission nebulae from the 1960s."}, "https://codexery.com/caldwell-objects/e/caldwell-objects/carina-nebula/": {"t": "Carina Nebula", "s": "A vast southern nebula, larger and brighter than Orion."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/hydra-centaurus-supercluster/": {"t": "Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster", "s": "Closest supercluster neighbor to Virgo, spanning two parts."}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/super-star-cluster/": {"t": "Super star cluster", "s": "A massive young open cluster thought to evolve into a globular cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3256/": {"t": "NGC 3256", "s": "A nearby merger remnant with double nuclei and luminous tidal tails."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3312/": {"t": "NGC 3312", "s": "Largest spiral in Hydra Cluster, a jellyfish galaxy."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3314/": {"t": "NGC 3314", "s": "Two overlapping spiral galaxies in the Hydra Cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3311/": {"t": "NGC 3311", "s": "Brightest member of the Hydra Cluster with a vast globular cluster system."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3309/": {"t": "NGC 3309", "s": "Giant elliptical galaxy dominating the Hydra Cluster center."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/galaxy-formation-and-evolution/": {"t": "Galaxy formation and evolution", "s": "Study of galaxy origins, structure, and change over cosmic time."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/anemic-galaxy/": {"t": "Anemic galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy with low arm contrast and reduced star formation."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3389/": {"t": "NGC 3389", "s": "Spiral galaxy in Leo with two supernovae and dual NGC listings."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/electronvolt/": {"t": "Electronvolt", "s": "Unit of energy gained by an electron through one volt."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3338/": {"t": "NGC 3338", "s": "A non-barred spiral galaxy in Leo with well-ordered arms."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/messier-105/": {"t": "Messier 105", "s": "Elliptical galaxy in Leo, largest non-Virgo Messier elliptical."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3430/": {"t": "NGC 3430", "s": "A Wolf-Rayet galaxy with open spiral arms, paired with NGC 3424.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-3430.webp", "c": "Donald Pelletier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3396/": {"t": "NGC 3396", "s": "A barred irregular galaxy interacting with spiral NGC 3395.", "i": "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/img/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3396.webp", "c": "Sloan Digital Sky Survey · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3521/": {"t": "NGC 3521", "s": "A flocculent spiral galaxy with a massive bulge and a weak bar."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3395/": {"t": "NGC 3395", "s": "A peculiar spiral galaxy interacting with NGC 3396.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-3395.webp", "c": "Donald Pelletier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3512/": {"t": "NGC 3512", "s": "An intermediate spiral galaxy in Leo with a LINER nucleus."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3607/": {"t": "NGC 3607", "s": "Central lenticular galaxy of the Leo II Group."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/high-velocity-cloud/": {"t": "High-velocity cloud", "s": "Fast-moving gas clouds in the galactic halo"}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3447/": {"t": "NGC 3447", "s": "Barred Magellanic spiral in Leo, host of SN 2012ht."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3599/": {"t": "NGC 3599", "s": "Lenticular galaxy in Leo with a variable X-ray source."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/galactic-halo/": {"t": "Galactic halo", "s": "Extended spherical component of a galaxy beyond its visible parts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/galactic-halo.webp", "c": "ESO · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-2427/": {"t": "NGC 2427", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy with asymmetric arms and many HII regions."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4088/": {"t": "NGC 4088", "s": "Grand design spiral galaxy with a disconnected arm segment."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/crater-constellation/": {"t": "Crater (constellation)", "s": "A small cup-shaped constellation on the back of Hydra."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/beta-crateris/": {"t": "Beta Crateris", "s": "Binary star with a barium-enhanced primary and a low-mass white dwarf companion."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3504/": {"t": "NGC 3504", "s": "Barred starburst galaxy with a star-forming nuclear disk."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3147/": {"t": "NGC 3147", "s": "A spiral galaxy with a malnourished black hole and a relativistic disk."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-leo/e/stars-of-leo/sn-2024aecx/": {"t": "SN 2024aecx", "s": "A nearby stripped-envelope supernova with a well-studied progenitor."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/centaurus/": {"t": "Centaurus", "s": "A large southern constellation with the nearest star system to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/carina-sagittarius-arm/": {"t": "Carina–Sagittarius Arm", "s": "A minor spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-carina/e/stars-of-carina/eta-carinae/": {"t": "Eta Carinae", "s": "A massive binary system that erupted spectacularly in the 19th century."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3614/": {"t": "NGC 3614", "s": "Intermediate spiral galaxy with stellar streams and a faint bar."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3628/": {"t": "NGC 3628", "s": "A dusty spiral galaxy in the Leo Triplet with a long tidal tail."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/space-telescope/": {"t": "Space telescope", "s": "Telescopes in space avoiding atmospheric interference for astronomical observation."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/tidal-disruption-event/": {"t": "Tidal disruption event", "s": "A star torn apart by a supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Electromagnetic radiation", "s": "Self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field carrying energy."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3640/": {"t": "NGC 3640", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with disturbed morphology and a recent merger history."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3664/": {"t": "NGC 3664", "s": "Asymmetric magellanic barred spiral in the Leo II Groups."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-leo/e/stars-of-leo/delta-leonis/": {"t": "Delta Leonis", "s": "A white main-sequence star on the lion's hip."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3583/": {"t": "NGC 3583", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy in Ursa Major with two observed supernovae."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-hydra/e/stars-of-hydra/sn-2024ggi/": {"t": "SN 2024ggi", "s": "A nearby Type II supernova in Hydra, discovered in April 2024."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-ursa-major/e/stars-of-ursa-major/sn-2023ixf/": {"t": "SN 2023ixf", "s": "Bright core collapse supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-65/": {"t": "Messier 65", "s": "A member of the Leo Triplet with a warped disk."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-66/": {"t": "Messier 66", "s": "A weakly barred spiral in the Leo Triplet."}, "https://codexery.com/cuisine-and-condiments/e/cuisine-and-condiments/hamburger/": {"t": "Hamburger", "s": "A classic patty on a bun, with a history as rich as its toppings."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3610/": {"t": "NGC 3610", "s": "A young elliptical galaxy retaining a warped disk."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3445/": {"t": "NGC 3445", "s": "A Magellanic spiral with a one-armed structure and active star formation."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/molecule/": {"t": "Molecule", "s": "Group of atoms bonded together; fundamental unit of chemical compounds."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3684/": {"t": "NGC 3684", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy in the Leo II Groups."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3681/": {"t": "NGC 3681", "s": "A nearly face-on intermediate spiral galaxy in Leo."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3729/": {"t": "NGC 3729", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy with a possible interacting companion and a luminous red nova."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3893/": {"t": "NGC 3893", "s": "A grand design spiral galaxy interacting with its satellite NGC 3896."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3718/": {"t": "NGC 3718", "s": "A warped polar-ring galaxy in Ursa Major."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3756/": {"t": "NGC 3756", "s": "Intermediate spiral galaxy with a possible active galactic nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/astrophysical-maser/": {"t": "Astrophysical maser", "s": "Naturally occurring stimulated emission in space"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3733/": {"t": "NGC 3733", "s": "Intermediate spiral galaxy with a possible active galactic nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/people-associated-with-astronomical/e/people-associated-with-astronomical-catalogues/ralph-copeland/": {"t": "Ralph Copeland", "s": "English astronomer and third Astronomer Royal for Scotland."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/extended-emission-line-region/": {"t": "Extended emission-line region", "s": "Giant ionized clouds revealing past or present AGN activity."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/galaxy-zoo/": {"t": "Galaxy Zoo", "s": "Citizen science project classifying galaxies with public help."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/virgo/": {"t": "Virgo", "s": "Largest zodiac constellation, rich in galaxies and exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3800/": {"t": "NGC 3800", "s": "An interacting spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-3800.webp", "c": "Sloan Digital Sky Survey · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3801/": {"t": "NGC 3801", "s": "Disturbed lenticular galaxy with radio jets and a supermassive black hole."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3799/": {"t": "NGC 3799", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy interacting with NGC 3800 in Arp 83.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-3799.webp", "c": "Legacy Surveys / D.Lang (Perimeter Institute) & Meli thev · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/leo-cluster/": {"t": "Leo Cluster", "s": "A young, spiral-rich cluster with giant black hole."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3726/": {"t": "NGC 3726", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy with a small bar and three spiral arms."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3972/": {"t": "NGC 3972", "s": "Spiral radio galaxy in Ursa Major with two recorded supernovae."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3998/": {"t": "NGC 3998", "s": "A nearby lenticular galaxy with a low-power active nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-3631-group/": {"t": "NGC 3631 Group", "s": "A small galaxy group in the Ursa Major Cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4111-group/": {"t": "NGC 4111 Group", "s": "Second most massive subgroup of the Ursa Major Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3923/": {"t": "NGC 3923", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with the most known shells, up to 42."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4041/": {"t": "NGC 4041", "s": "A spiral galaxy in Ursa Major with a peculiar supernova."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4036-group/": {"t": "NGC 4036 Group", "s": "A small galaxy group in Ursa Major, part of the Virgo Supercluster."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/ic-758/": {"t": "IC 758", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy in Ursa Major with an active nucleus."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3913/": {"t": "NGC 3913", "s": "A spiral galaxy in Ursa Major with an active nucleus."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-3977/": {"t": "NGC 3980", "s": "A duplicate NGC entry for the galaxy NGC 3977."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/galaxy-groups-and-clusters/": {"t": "Galaxy groups and clusters", "s": "Largest gravitationally bound objects in cosmic structure formation."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-109/": {"t": "Messier 109", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy and brightest member of the M109 Group."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/ngc-3995/": {"t": "NGC 3995", "s": "A Magellanic spiral in Ursa Major, part of Arp 313."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4856-group/": {"t": "Virgo II Groups", "s": "A southern extension of the Virgo Supercluster comprising over 100 galaxies."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-virgo/e/stars-of-virgo/beta-virginis/": {"t": "Beta Virginis", "s": "Fifth-brightest star in Virgo, near end of main sequence."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/calar-alto-observatory/": {"t": "Calar Alto Observatory", "s": "Home to mainland Europe's largest telescope."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/crux/": {"t": "Crux", "s": "The smallest but most distinctive constellation of the southern sky."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-x-ray-sources/e/astronomical-x-ray-sources/ngc-4151/": {"t": "NGC 4151", "s": "A Seyfert galaxy with an actively growing supermassive black hole."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4123/": {"t": "NGC 4123", "s": "Strongly-barred spiral galaxy in the Virgo Cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4261/": {"t": "NGC 4261", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with radio jets and an offset supermassive black hole."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4442/": {"t": "NGC 4442", "s": "A barred lenticular galaxy in the Virgo Cluster with an active nucleus."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4535/": {"t": "NGC 4535", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy in Virgo, known as the Lost Galaxy."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4753/": {"t": "NGC 4753", "s": "Lenticular galaxy with twisted dust lanes from a past merger."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/messier-49/": {"t": "Messier 49", "s": "First discovered Virgo Cluster member, a giant elliptical galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/messier-60/": {"t": "Messier 60", "s": "Giant elliptical galaxy with a massive black hole in Virgo."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-58/": {"t": "Messier 58", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy and one of the brightest in the Virgo Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-61/": {"t": "Messier 61", "s": "A large, star-forming spiral in the Virgo Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-88/": {"t": "Messier 88", "s": "A Virgo Cluster spiral with ram pressure stripping.", "i": "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/img/messier-objects/messier-88.webp", "c": "Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-91/": {"t": "Messier 91", "s": "A faint barred spiral galaxy in the Virgo Cluster.", "i": "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/img/messier-objects/messier-91.webp", "c": "Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachu · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-99/": {"t": "Messier 99", "s": "A grand design spiral galaxy with a distorted arm and a hydrogen bridge."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-100/": {"t": "Messier 100", "s": "A grand design spiral in the Virgo Cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4302/": {"t": "NGC 4302", "s": "Edge-on spiral with extraplanar dust and a tidal bridge."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4298/": {"t": "NGC 4298", "s": "A flocculent spiral galaxy interacting with NGC 4302."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-filaments/e/galaxy-filaments/galaxy-filament/": {"t": "Galaxy filament", "s": "Galaxy filaments are the largest known structures in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/light-curve/": {"t": "Light curve", "s": "Graph of celestial light intensity over time."}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/ngc-4349-127/": {"t": "NGC 4349-127", "s": "A red giant whose brown dwarf companion was later retracted."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/frequency-plan/": {"t": "Frequency plan", "s": "A band plan defines how a radio band is used and shared."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/magnesium/": {"t": "Magnesium", "s": "Lightweight metal essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/integrated-flux-nebula/": {"t": "Integrated Flux Nebula", "s": "Faint, high-latitude nebulae lit by the combined light of the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-86/": {"t": "Messier 86", "s": "Elliptical or lenticular galaxy with highest Messier blue shift.", "i": "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/img/messier-objects/messier-86.webp", "c": "Sloan Digital Sky Survey · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4435/": {"t": "NGC 4435", "s": "Barred lenticular galaxy interacting with NGC 4438 in Virgo."}, "https://codexery.com/neutron-stars/e/neutron-stars/chandrasekhar-limit/": {"t": "Chandrasekhar limit", "s": "Maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-surveys/e/astronomical-surveys/all-sky-automated-survey-for-supernovae/": {"t": "All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae", "s": "Automated survey scanning the whole sky daily for supernovae."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/supernova-impostor/": {"t": "Supernova impostor", "s": "Stellar explosions that mimic supernovae but leave their stars intact."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4550/": {"t": "NGC 4550", "s": "A galaxy with stars orbiting in opposite directions."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4874/": {"t": "NGC 4874", "s": "Second-brightest galaxy in the Coma Cluster, with over 30,000 globular clusters."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/coma-cluster/": {"t": "Coma Cluster", "s": "A rich galaxy cluster with over 1,000 members and abundant dark matter."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4504/": {"t": "NGC 4504", "s": "A spiral galaxy in Virgo with a nuclear star cluster."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4487/": {"t": "NGC 4487", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy with an active nucleus and a supernova."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/stellar-parallax/": {"t": "Stellar parallax", "s": "Trigonometric method for measuring distances to nearby stars."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/cor-caroli/": {"t": "Cor Caroli", "s": "A binary star and prototype of a class of magnetic variables."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-by-flamsteed-designation/e/stars-by-flamsteed-designation/10-canum-venaticorum/": {"t": "10 Canum Venaticorum", "s": "A Sun-like star with a debris disk in Canes Venatici."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-pegasus/e/stars-of-pegasus/ngc-7217/": {"t": "NGC 7217", "s": "A gas-poor spiral with counter-rotating stars and multiple rings."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/canada-france-hawaii-telescope/": {"t": "Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope", "s": "3.58-meter optical/infrared telescope on Mauna Kea since 1979."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4457/": {"t": "NGC 4457", "s": "An intermediate spiral galaxy with a LINER nucleus and a recent supernova."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4636/": {"t": "NGC 4636", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with a rich globular cluster system and active nucleus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-4636.webp", "c": "Sloan Digital Sky Survey · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4688/": {"t": "NGC 4688", "s": "Barred spiral in Virgo with a possible active nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/delta-virginis/": {"t": "Delta Virginis", "s": "A red giant star in Virgo, also known as Minelauva."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-891/": {"t": "NGC 891", "s": "Edge-on spiral galaxy resembling the Milky Way.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ngc-objects/img/ngc-objects/ngc-891.webp", "c": "C. Howk (JHU), B. Savage (U. Wisconsin), WIYN/NOIRLab/ NSF · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/nuclear-fusion/": {"t": "Nuclear fusion", "s": "Nuclear fusion combines nuclei, releasing energy that powers stars and weapons."}, "https://codexery.com/solar-phenomena/e/solar-phenomena/galactic-superwind/": {"t": "Galactic superwind", "s": "A powerful outflow of gas from starburst galaxies."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/dark-matter-halo/": {"t": "Dark matter halo", "s": "Invisible mass scaffold that shapes and binds every galaxy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/dark-matter-halo.webp", "c": "ESO/L. Calçada · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4624/": {"t": "NGC 4624", "s": "A barred galaxy in Virgo, member of the Virgo II Groups."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4654/": {"t": "NGC 4654", "s": "A Virgo Cluster spiral with asymmetric gas and stars."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4639/": {"t": "NGC 4639", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy in Virgo with a weak Seyfert nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/messier-59/": {"t": "Messier 59", "s": "Elliptical galaxy in Virgo with a counter-rotating supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/sagittarius-dwarf-spheroidal-galaxy/": {"t": "Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy", "s": "A looping dwarf galaxy being absorbed by the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/guillermo-haro/": {"t": "Guillermo Haro", "s": "Mexican astronomer who co-discovered Herbig–Haro objects."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/coma-i/": {"t": "Coma I", "s": "A spiral-rich galaxy group infalling into the Virgo Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4565/": {"t": "NGC 4565", "s": "Edge-on spiral galaxy with a warped disk and radio halo."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4494/": {"t": "NGC 4494", "s": "Elliptical galaxy with debated dark matter content and a nuclear dust ring."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4725/": {"t": "NGC 4725", "s": "A disturbed double-barred spiral with a star-forming ring."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/ngc-4747/": {"t": "NGC 4747", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy interacting with NGC 4725 in Coma I Group."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4772/": {"t": "NGC 4772", "s": "A spiral galaxy with a bright bulge and active nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4697/": {"t": "NGC 4697", "s": "Elliptical galaxy in Virgo, member of the NGC 4697 Group."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4775/": {"t": "NGC 4775", "s": "Asymmetric spiral galaxy in the Virgo II Groups chain."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/corvus/": {"t": "Corvus", "s": "A genus of intelligent crows, ravens, and rooks."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4699/": {"t": "NGC 4699", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy in Virgo with three recorded supernovae."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4818/": {"t": "NGC 4818", "s": "A barred spiral galaxy in Virgo with a bright nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/corvus-constellation/": {"t": "Corvus (constellation)", "s": "A small southern constellation depicting a raven on Hydra's back."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/precession/": {"t": "Precession", "s": "A change in the orientation of a rotating body's rotational axis."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/mimosa-star/": {"t": "Mimosa (star)", "s": "Blue giant and β Cephei variable in the Southern Cross."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-crux/e/stars-of-crux/hr-4887/": {"t": "HR 4887", "s": "Bright supergiant at the apex of the Jewel Box Cluster's A asterism."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-crux/e/stars-of-crux/ds-crucis/": {"t": "DS Crucis", "s": "Bright supergiant variable near the Jewel Box Cluster in Crux."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-crux/e/stars-of-crux/bu-crucis/": {"t": "BU Crucis", "s": "Bright supergiant variable in the Jewel Box Cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/giant-star/": {"t": "Giant star", "s": "Giant stars are luminous, expanded post-main-sequence stars."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/coalsack-nebula/": {"t": "Coalsack Nebula", "s": "A dark nebula visible as a patch in the Milky Way.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nebulae/img/nebulae/coalsack-nebula.webp", "c": "ESO/ S. Brunier · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4691/": {"t": "NGC 4691", "s": "Barred spiral galaxy with a star-forming nucleus and outer ring."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4941/": {"t": "NGC 4941", "s": "A Seyfert spiral galaxy with rings and a compact radio jet."}, "/e/ngc-objects/ngc-4722/": {"t": "NGC 4722", "s": "Lenticular galaxy in Corvus, part of the NGC 4699 Group."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-bo-tes/e/stars-of-bo-tes/bo-tes/": {"t": "Boötes", "s": "A northern constellation featuring the bright star Arcturus."}}