{"https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/european-colonization-of-the-americas/": {"t": "European colonization of the Americas", "s": "European colonization of the Americas: from Norse voyages to the establishment of settler colonial states."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/spanish-empire/": {"t": "Spanish Empire", "s": "The empire on which the sun never set.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/spanish-empire.webp", "c": "Nagihuin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/e/french-colonization-of-the-americas/louisiana-purchase/": {"t": "Louisiana Purchase", "s": "The 1803 U.S. acquisition of Louisiana from France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/img/french-colonization-of-the-americas/louisiana-purchase.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Louisiana Purchase · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/little-rock-arkansas/": {"t": "Little Rock, Arkansas", "s": "Capital of Arkansas and site of 1957 school desegregation crisis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/little-rock-arkansas.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Little Rock, Arkansas · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/erosion/": {"t": "Erosion", "s": "Natural removal and transport of Earth's surface materials by agents like water and wind."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/lock-water-navigation/": {"t": "Lock (water navigation)", "s": "A waterway chamber that raises or lowers boats between different water levels."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/ren-robert-cavelier-sieur-de-la-salle/": {"t": "René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle", "s": "French explorer who claimed the Mississippi basin for France."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/louisiana-new-france/": {"t": "Louisiana (New France)", "s": "Vast French territory in North America, sold to the U.S. in 1803."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural/e/world/new-orleans-louisiana/": {"t": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "s": "The Crescent City on the Mississippi, where Creole culture, Voodoo and Mardi Gras grew up together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/supernatural/img/world/new-orleans-louisiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Orleans · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/illinois-country/": {"t": "Illinois Country", "s": "A French colonial region in the Midwestern United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/img/former-french-colonies/illinois-country.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Illinois Country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/prison/": {"t": "Prison", "s": "A state-authorized facility for imprisoning individuals as punishment or pre-trial detention."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/chickasaw-wars/": {"t": "Chickasaw Wars", "s": "Chickasaw resisted French expansion along the Mississippi River."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-administrators/e/national-park-administrators/national-park-service/": {"t": "National Park Service", "s": "Preserving natural and historic resources for public enjoyment."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution/": {"t": "American Revolution", "s": "Political movement that created the sovereign United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-yorktown/": {"t": "Siege of Yorktown", "s": "The decisive 1781 siege that ended the American Revolutionary War."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/robert-e-lee/": {"t": "Robert E. 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The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/benjamin-franklin/": {"t": "Benjamin Franklin", "s": "Founding Father, scientist, inventor, and diplomat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/benjamin-franklin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Benjamin Franklin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/oral-history/": {"t": "Oral history", "s": "Preserving memories, voices, and perspectives from the past through planned interviews.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/img/historiography-and-methods/oral-history.webp", "c": "Bonolo Nikita Rankaga · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-knowledge/e/traditional-knowledge/cultural-burning/": {"t": "Cultural burning", "s": "Indigenous practice of using controlled burns to manage landscapes."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/salt-marsh/": {"t": "Salt marsh", "s": "Tidal wetland ecosystem dominated by salt-tolerant plants."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "President of the United States", "s": "Head of state and government of the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/estuary/": {"t": "Estuary", "s": "Transitional coastal ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater."}, "https://codexery.com/species-shiner-perch/e/fish/shiner-perch/": {"t": "Shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata)", "s": "Source-cited species reference: taxonomy from WoRMS, biology from FishBase, occurrence map from GBIF, conservation from IUCN Red List, description from Wikipedi", "i": "https://codexery.com/species-shiner-perch/img/fish/shiner-perch.webp", "c": "Jesse Rorabaugh · via Wikipedia: Shiner perch · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rio-grande/": {"t": "Rio Grande", "s": "The Rio Grande: a vital, arid-land river forming the U.S.-Mexico border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rio-grande.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rio Grande · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/chihuahua-state/": {"t": "Chihuahua (state)", "s": "Largest Mexican state, home to Copper Canyon and Paquimé."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/e/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/conquistador/": {"t": "Conquistador", "s": "Spanish and Portuguese explorers who conquered and colonized the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/e/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/francisco-v-zquez-de-coronado/": {"t": "Francisco Vázquez de Coronado", "s": "Spanish conquistador who sought the Seven Cities of Gold."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/arizona/": {"t": "Arizona", "s": "Former Spanish colony, now a Southwestern U.S. state."}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/unesco-world-heritage-parks/waterton-glacier-international-peace-park/": {"t": "Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park", "s": "Union of two national parks across the Canada–US border."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/sonora/": {"t": "Sonora", "s": "Northwestern Mexican state with arid geography and rich indigenous history."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/hernando-de-soto/": {"t": "Hernando de Soto", "s": "Spanish explorer who crossed the Mississippi River."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/jacques-marquette/": {"t": "Jacques Marquette", "s": "French Jesuit missionary and explorer of the Mississippi River."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/e/french-colonization-of-the-americas/new-france/": {"t": "New France", "s": "French colonial territory in mainland North America, 1534–1763.", "i": "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/img/french-colonization-of-the-americas/new-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/dysentery/": {"t": "Dysentery", "s": "A diarrheal disease causing bloody stools, often from poor sanitation."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Constitution of the United States", "s": "Supreme law of the United States, oldest written national constitution in force."}, "https://codexery.com/billions/e/world/wall-street/": {"t": "Wall Street", "s": "The street whose name stands for American finance itself.", "i": "https://codexery.com/billions/img/world/wall-street.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wall Street · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/articles-of-confederation/": {"t": "Articles of Confederation", "s": "The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789."}, "https://codexery.com/investigative-journalists-and-editors/e/investigative-journalists-and-editors/john-peter-zenger/": {"t": "John Peter Zenger", "s": "Printer acquitted in landmark libel trial for freedom of press.", "i": "https://codexery.com/investigative-journalists-and-editors/img/investigative-journalists-and-editors/john-peter-zenger.webp", "c": "XelaWho · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/freedom-of-the-press/": {"t": "Freedom of the press", "s": "Principle of minimal government censorship over published expression."}, "https://codexery.com/architects-and-designers/e/architects-and-designers/pierre-charles-l-enfant/": {"t": "Pierre Charles L'Enfant", "s": "French-American engineer who designed Washington, D.C.'s baroque plan."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/georgian-architecture/": {"t": "Georgian architecture", "s": "Georgian architecture refers to the building styles common across most English-speaking countries from 1714 to 1830."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/democratic-party-united-states/": {"t": "Democratic Party (United States)", "s": "World's oldest active political party, center to center-left."}, "https://codexery.com/periodic-table-elements/e/periodic-table-and-elements/gold/": {"t": "Gold", "s": "A noble metal prized for beauty, rarity, and resistance to corrosion."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/andrew-mellon/": {"t": "Andrew Mellon", "s": "Banker, Treasury secretary, and art patron who shaped 1920s fiscal policy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/andrew-mellon.webp", "c": "Harris & Ewing, photographer · via Wikipedia: Andrew Mellon · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/parthenon/": {"t": "Parthenon", "s": "Former temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to Athena."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/pantheon-rome/": {"t": "Pantheon, Rome", "s": "Ancient Roman temple, now a Catholic church, with the largest unreinforced concrete dome."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/alexander-hamilton/": {"t": "Alexander Hamilton", "s": "", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/alexander-hamilton.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/september-11-attacks/": {"t": "September 11 attacks", "s": "Coordinated al-Qaeda suicide hijackings killed nearly 3,000 people."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/terrorism/": {"t": "Terrorism", "s": "Violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/world-trade-center-1973-2001/": {"t": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)", "s": "Icon of New York City, destroyed on 9/11", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/world-trade-center-1973-2001.webp", "c": "Eric Ascalon ******************** · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/eminent-domain/": {"t": "Eminent domain", "s": "Compulsory acquisition of private property for public use with compensation."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/slate/": {"t": "Slate", "s": "Fine-grained metamorphic rock with slaty cleavage, used for roofing and writing."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/associated-press/": {"t": "Associated Press", "s": "A not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/associated-press.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Associated Press · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/acoustical-engineering/": {"t": "Acoustical engineering", "s": "Engineering branch dealing with sound and vibration control."}, "https://codexery.com/arista-records-singles/e/arista-records-singles/angel-sarah-mclachlan-song/": {"t": "Angel (Sarah McLachlan song)", "s": "A song about loss that became an anthem of mourning."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil/": {"t": "Soil", "s": "Soil is a complex ecosystem supporting life and regulating Earth's cycles."}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/french-colonization-of-the-americas/": {"t": "French colonization of the Americas", "s": "France built a vast American colonial empire from the 16th century onward."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/french-florida/": {"t": "French Florida", "s": "A short-lived Huguenot colony in New France, destroyed by Spain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/img/former-french-colonies/french-florida.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Florida · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/jean-ribault/": {"t": "Jean Ribault", "s": "French Huguenot navigator who founded colonies in Florida."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/st-augustine-florida/": {"t": "St. Augustine, Florida", "s": "Oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the contiguous U.S.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/st-augustine-florida.webp", "c": "Uncredited · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-carolina/": {"t": "South Carolina", "s": "A southeastern U.S. state with a pivotal role in American history."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/charlesfort-santa-elena-site/": {"t": "Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site", "s": "Site of French Charlesfort and Spanish Santa Elena on Parris Island."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/french-wars-of-religion/": {"t": "French Wars of Religion", "s": "The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars fought between French Catholics and Protestant Huguenots from 1562 to 1598."}, "https://codexery.com/michael/e/michael/michaelmas/": {"t": "Michaelmas", "s": "Christian feast marking the beginning of autumn and quarter day."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/national-memorials-of-the-united-states/presidential-memorials-in-the-united-states/": {"t": "Presidential memorials in the United States", "s": "Memorials honoring U.S. presidents through physical and living forms."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. 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Grant in New York City.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/img/mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/grant-s-tomb.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Grant's Tomb · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-wall-street-journal/": {"t": "The Wall Street Journal", "s": "American business newspaper, newspaper of record, center-right editorial page."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/derbyshire/": {"t": "Derbyshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England, home to the Peak District and the furthest point from the sea in the UK."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/clapboard/": {"t": "Clapboard", "s": "Wooden siding of overlapping horizontal boards used on buildings."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/chicago-tribune/": {"t": "Chicago Tribune", "s": "Founded 1847; long styled 'World's Greatest Newspaper'."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-johnstown-flood/": {"t": "The Johnstown Flood", "s": "The catastrophic 1889 dam failure that devastated Johnstown, Pennsylvania."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/typhoid/": {"t": "Typhoid", "s": "A bacterial disease spread through contaminated food or water."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/ohio/": {"t": "Ohio", "s": "Midwestern U.S. state, birthplace of seven presidents and aviation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/tadeusz-ko-ciuszko/": {"t": "Tadeusz Kościuszko", "s": "Polish military engineer and leader of the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/tadeusz-ko-ciuszko.webp", "c": "Karl Gottlieb Schweikart · via Wikipedia: Tadeusz Kościuszko · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/kentucky/": {"t": "Kentucky", "s": "Landlocked Southeastern U.S. state, known for horses, bourbon, and coal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/kentucky.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/carpentry/": {"t": "Carpentry", "s": "Carpenters shape and install materials in construction, from framing to finish."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/e/legal-professions/lawyer/": {"t": "Lawyer", "s": "A qualified advisor and representative in legal matters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/img/legal-professions/lawyer.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/f-16-fighting-falcon/": {"t": "F-16 Fighting Falcon", "s": "The F-16 Fighting Falcon: a versatile multirole fighter that has served as a mainstay of U.S. and allied air forces since 1978.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warplanes/img/warplanes/f-16-fighting-falcon.webp", "c": "Edited by Fir0002 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/space-race/": {"t": "Space Race", "s": "Cold War competition for spaceflight supremacy between the US and USSR."}, "https://codexery.com/american-paranormal-reality-television/e/american-paranormal-reality-television-series/ghost-adventures/": {"t": "Ghost Adventures", "s": "Ghost hunters locked in haunted locations overnight."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dwight-d-eisenhower/": {"t": "Dwight D. 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reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems built by coral polyps."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/shield-volcano/": {"t": "Shield volcano", "s": "Broad, gently sloping volcanoes built by fluid lava flows.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/shield-volcano.webp", "c": "AmmarBanafea · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/drone-regulation/e/drone-regulation/etops/": {"t": "ETOPS", "s": "Safety standards for twin-engine aircraft over long-distance routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/drone-regulation/img/drone-regulation/etops.webp", "c": "RHL Images from England · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/tropic-of-cancer/": {"t": "Tropic of Cancer", "s": "The northernmost circle where the Sun stands directly overhead."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/electrical-telegraph/": {"t": "Electrical telegraph", "s": "First electrical telecommunications system, used from the 1840s."}, "https://codexery.com/domesticated-animals/e/domesticated-animals/domestic-canary/": {"t": "Domestic canary", "s": "A domesticated finch bred for song, colour, and form."}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/fruits-and-vegetables/coconut/": {"t": "Coconut", "s": "A versatile tropical palm providing food, fuel, and materials."}, "https://codexery.com/other/e/other/squatting/": {"t": "Squatting", "s": "Occupying land or buildings without permission for housing or protest."}, "https://codexery.com/cooking/e/cooking-techniques/poaching/": {"t": "Poaching", "s": "Illegal hunting, capturing, or harvesting of wild animals and plants."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/wake-island/": {"t": "Wake Island", "s": "Remote Pacific atoll, US territory, site of WWII battle and refugee processing."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/albatross/": {"t": "Albatross", "s": "Large seabirds of the Southern Ocean and North Pacific."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/laysan-albatross/": {"t": "Laysan albatross", "s": "A gull-like albatross of the North Pacific, named for Laysan Island."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/black-footed-albatross/": {"t": "Black-footed albatross", "s": "Dark-plumaged North Pacific albatross nesting on isolated tropical islands."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/short-tailed-albatross/": {"t": "Short-tailed albatross", "s": "A large rare seabird of the North Pacific, recovering from near-extinction."}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/mojave-desert/": {"t": "Mojave Desert", "s": "Smallest and driest of the four North American deserts."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-american-war/e/philippine-american-war/veterans-of-foreign-wars/": {"t": "Veterans of Foreign Wars", "s": "Organization for U.S. veterans of foreign wars."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hiv-aids/": {"t": "HIV/AIDS", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, manageable but incurable."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/normandy/": {"t": "Normandy", "s": "The historic homeland of the Normans, spanning mainland France and the Channel Islands."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/blue-ridge-mountains/": {"t": "Blue Ridge Mountains", "s": "Ancient mountain range with highest peaks in eastern North America."}, "https://codexery.com/martin-scorsese/e/factions/steven-spielberg/": {"t": "Steven Spielberg", "s": "New Hollywood's blockbuster pioneer and Scorsese's contemporary."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/operation-overlord/": {"t": "Operation Overlord", "s": "Allied invasion that liberated German-occupied Western Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/charles-m-schulz/": {"t": "Charles M. 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Schulz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/clement-attlee/": {"t": "Clement Attlee", "s": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, leader of the Labour Party, and architect of the post-war welfare state."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/charles-de-gaulle/": {"t": "Charles de Gaulle", "s": "French general and statesman who led Free France and founded the Fifth Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/chiang-kai-shek/": {"t": "Chiang Kai-shek", "s": "Chinese military commander, revolutionary, and statesman; President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/bernard-montgomery/": {"t": "Bernard Montgomery", "s": "The victor of El Alamein who led Allied ground forces from D-Day to the German surrender."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/marble/": {"t": "Marble", "s": "Metamorphic rock prized for sculpture and architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-proverbs/": {"t": "Book of Proverbs", "s": "A collection of collections on wisdom and moral conduct."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-monetary-fund/": {"t": "International Monetary Fund", "s": "International financial institution fostering global monetary cooperation and stability."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/missouri/": {"t": "Missouri", "s": "Gateway to the West, birthplace of ragtime and Kansas City jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-dakota/": {"t": "South Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named after the Dakota Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/west-virginia/": {"t": "West Virginia", "s": "Mountain state admitted as a free state during the Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/artworks-in-the-collection-of-the/e/artworks-in-the-collection-of-the-national-park-service/vietnam-veterans-memorial/": {"t": "Vietnam Veterans Memorial", "s": "A minimalist black granite wall honoring Vietnam War service members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/artworks-in-the-collection-of-the/img/artworks-in-the-collection-of-the-national-park-service/vietnam-veterans-memorial.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vietnam Veterans Memorial · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/washington-monument/": {"t": "Washington Monument", "s": "Obelisk on the National Mall honoring George Washington.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/washington-monument.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Washington Monument · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/e/criminals-and-outlaws/timothy-mcveigh/": {"t": "Timothy McVeigh", "s": "Domestic terrorist who perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/img/criminals-and-outlaws/timothy-mcveigh.webp", "c": "Thomas.R · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/national-memorials-of-the-united-states/uss-arizona-memorial/": {"t": "USS Arizona Memorial", "s": "Memorial over the sunken USS Arizona at Pearl Harbor."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor/": {"t": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "s": "Surprise Japanese air raid on US Pacific Fleet, December 7, 1941.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor.webp", "c": "Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Katarzyna Kobiljak · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/gateway-arch/": {"t": "Gateway Arch", "s": "630-foot stainless steel arch in St. Louis, the world's tallest arch."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-statue-of-liberty/": {"t": "The Statue of Liberty", "s": "A French gift symbolizing freedom and democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/racial-segregation/": {"t": "Racial segregation", "s": "Separation of people by race or ethnicity, often enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/e/legal-systems-and-courts/court-martial/": {"t": "Court-martial", "s": "A military court for trying armed forces members and war crimes."}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/lincoln-memorial/": {"t": "Lincoln Memorial", "s": "Neoclassical temple honoring Abraham Lincoln on the National Mall."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/jefferson-memorial/": {"t": "Jefferson Memorial", "s": "A neoclassical tribute to the author of the Declaration of Independence, anchoring the National Mall alongside the White House.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/jefferson-memorial.webp", "c": "Brian Hamfeldt · via Wikipedia: Jefferson Memorial · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress/": {"t": "Library of Congress", "s": "Oldest federal cultural institution and de facto national library of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/james-madison/": {"t": "James Madison", "s": "Founding Father, fourth president of the United States and \"Father of the Constitution\"", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/james-madison.webp", "c": "John Vanderlyn · via Wikipedia: James Madison · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/e/christian-reformers-and-mystics/roger-williams/": {"t": "Roger Williams", "s": "Puritan minister turned Seeker who founded Providence as a haven for liberty of conscience.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/img/christian-reformers-and-mystics/roger-williams.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Roger Williams · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/freedom-of-religion/": {"t": "Freedom of religion", "s": "A fundamental human right protecting belief and practice."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/rhode-island/": {"t": "Rhode Island", "s": "Smallest U.S. state, founded as a haven for religious liberty."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/reservoir/": {"t": "Reservoir", "s": "Artificial lake created by a dam to store fresh water."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulics/": {"t": "Hydraulics", "s": "Technology using pressurized liquids for power and control."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/sabotage/": {"t": "Sabotage", "s": "Deliberate action to weaken through disruption or destruction."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Hydroelectricity", "s": "Electricity generated from hydropower, a key low-carbon energy source."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography.webp", "c": "NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/conglomerate-geology/": {"t": "Conglomerate (geology)", "s": "Sedimentary rock of rounded gravel clasts in finer matrix."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/gypsum/": {"t": "Gypsum", "s": "A soft sulfate mineral used in plaster and drywall, with notable crystal varieties and widespread industrial applications.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/gypsum.webp", "c": "PePeEfe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/schist/": {"t": "Schist", "s": "Medium-grained metamorphic rock with pronounced schistosity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/schist.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/arch/": {"t": "Arch", "s": "A curved structure spanning an opening, often load-bearing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/arch.webp", "c": "[https://www.flickr.com/photos/11399912@N00  B0iwehijro2i0-\n]\n\n`1l]] from Davis, CA, USA · via Wikipedia: Arch · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/e/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/hydrostatics/": {"t": "Hydrostatics", "s": "Branch of fluid mechanics studying fluids at rest."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/embezzlement/": {"t": "Embezzlement", "s": "A financial crime involving deceitful secretion of entrusted assets."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/landslide/": {"t": "Landslide", "s": "Mass wasting events driven by gravity and slope instability."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/transformer/": {"t": "Transformer", "s": "Passive component that transfers electrical energy via electromagnetic induction."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/suffrage/": {"t": "Suffrage", "s": "The right to vote in public, political elections and referendums."}, "/e/national-memorials-of-the-united-states/pearl-harbor-national-memorial/": {"t": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial", "s": "National Park Service site honoring those lost in the 1941 attack."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/korean-war/": {"t": "Korean War", "s": "A frozen conflict that divided a peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/state-ritual-and-ceremonies/e/state-ritual-and-ceremonies/21-gun-salute/": {"t": "21-gun salute", "s": "A 21-gun salute honors heads of state with artillery fire."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tucson-arizona/": {"t": "Tucson, Arizona", "s": "Second-largest city in Arizona, founded as a Spanish presidio in 1775."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/bulkhead-partition/": {"t": "Bulkhead (partition)", "s": "Vertical partition used in ships, aircraft, and vehicles."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pandemics/e/pandemics/covid-19-pandemic/": {"t": "COVID-19 pandemic", "s": "Global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, beginning in late 2019."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hiroshima-peace-memorial/": {"t": "Hiroshima Peace Memorial", "s": "Skeletal ruins of the former Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, preserved as a memorial.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hiroshima-peace-memorial.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco/": {"t": "Art Deco", "s": "A decorative style of luxury and geometric form.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/img/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Art Deco · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/the-wright-brothers/": {"t": "The Wright brothers", "s": "American aviation pioneers who invented, built, and flew the world's first successful airplane."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/grazing/": {"t": "Grazing", "s": "Grazing converts grassland into meat, milk, and wool."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/gravel/": {"t": "Gravel", "s": "Loose rock fragments from nature and industry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/gravel.webp", "c": "Mnalis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/cement/": {"t": "Cement", "s": "Binder that sets, hardens, and binds other materials together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/cement.webp", "c": "Nnnjens · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/john-travolta/": {"t": "John Travolta", "s": "From Saturday Night Fever to Pulp Fiction: The enduring star of stage and screen."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/e/apollo-11/apollo-11/": {"t": "Apollo 11", "s": "First crewed mission to land humans on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/img/apollo-11/apollo-11.webp", "c": "Neil A. Armstrong · via Wikipedia: Apollo 11 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/e/apollo-11/neil-armstrong/": {"t": "Neil Armstrong", "s": "First human to walk on the Moon, Apollo 11 commander.", "i": "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/img/apollo-11/neil-armstrong.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Neil Armstrong · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/e/apollo-11/buzz-aldrin/": {"t": "Buzz Aldrin", "s": "Second human to walk on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/img/apollo-11/buzz-aldrin.webp", "c": "NASA · via Wikipedia: Buzz Aldrin · Public domain"}}