{"https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "President of the United States", "s": "Head of state and government of the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/abigail-adams/": {"t": "Abigail Adams", "s": "Wife and advisor of John Adams, mother of John Quincy Adams.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/abigail-adams.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Abigail Adams · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-administrators/e/national-park-administrators/national-park-service/": {"t": "National Park Service", "s": "Preserving natural and historic resources for public enjoyment."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/robert-e-lee/": {"t": "Robert E. Lee", "s": "Confederate general who led the Army of Northern Virginia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/ulysses-s-grant/": {"t": "Ulysses S. Grant", "s": "18th U.S. President and Commanding General of the Union Army"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/american-civil-war/e/american-civil-war/confederate-states-of-america/": {"t": "Confederate States of America", "s": "Unrecognized republic of 11 Southern states during the American Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/rhode-island/": {"t": "Rhode Island", "s": "Smallest U.S. state, founded as a haven for religious liberty."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/erie-canal/": {"t": "Erie Canal", "s": "Historic New York canal connecting the Hudson River to Lake Erie."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution/": {"t": "American Revolution", "s": "Political movement that created the sovereign United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/martin-scorsese/e/world/south-boston/": {"t": "South Boston", "s": "Southie: the Irish Catholic neighborhood where The Departed is set."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/paul-revere/": {"t": "Paul Revere", "s": "American silversmith, Patriot, and midnight rider"}, "https://codexery.com/misquotations/e/misquotations/the-british-are-coming/": {"t": "The British are coming", "s": "A famous misquotation from Paul Revere's midnight ride."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/georgian-architecture/": {"t": "Georgian architecture", "s": "Georgian architecture refers to the building styles common across most English-speaking countries from 1714 to 1830."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/louisiana/": {"t": "Louisiana", "s": "U.S. state with French heritage, parishes, and Gulf Coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/louisiana.webp", "c": "Mark Holloway · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade/": {"t": "Atlantic slave trade", "s": "Transatlantic transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade.webp", "c": "Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/mechanization/": {"t": "Mechanization", "s": "Mechanization replaced hand labor with machinery across industries."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton-gin/": {"t": "Cotton gin", "s": "Machine that separates cotton fibers from seeds efficiently."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-activists/e/mental-health-activists/rosalynn-carter/": {"t": "Rosalynn Carter", "s": "Advocate for mental health and women's rights."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-yorktown/": {"t": "Siege of Yorktown", "s": "The decisive 1781 siege that ended the American Revolutionary War."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/kent/": {"t": "Kent", "s": "The Garden of England"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/delaware/": {"t": "Delaware", "s": "First state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/delaware.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/roger-b-taney/": {"t": "Roger B. Taney", "s": "Fifth chief justice who wrote the Dred Scott decision.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/img/jurists-and-legal-scholars/roger-b-taney.webp", "c": "Mathew Benjamin Brady · via Wikipedia: Roger B. Taney · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/uncle-tom-s-cabin/": {"t": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "s": "Anti-slavery novel that helped fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-works/img/literary-works/uncle-tom-s-cabin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Uncle Tom's Cabin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/dutch-people/": {"t": "Dutch people", "s": "Ethnic group native to the Netherlands, with global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/quakers/": {"t": "Quakers", "s": "A historically Protestant Christian movement emphasizing direct experience of God and peace.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/quakers.webp", "c": "Kenneth C. Zirkel · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/gloria-dei-old-swedes-church/": {"t": "Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church", "s": "Oldest church in Pennsylvania, built 1698–1700."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/articles-of-confederation/": {"t": "Articles of Confederation", "s": "The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/e/auteur-directors/ken-burns/": {"t": "Ken Burns", "s": "American documentary filmmaker of U.S. history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-carolina/": {"t": "South Carolina", "s": "A southeastern U.S. state with a pivotal role in American history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "s": "32nd US president who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/ohio/": {"t": "Ohio", "s": "Midwestern U.S. state, birthplace of seven presidents and aviation."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/illinois/": {"t": "Illinois", "s": "Land of Lincoln", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/illinois.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/indiana/": {"t": "Indiana", "s": "Midwestern state known as the Hoosier State, admitted in 1816.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/indiana.webp", "c": "Riker, Dorothy Lois, 1904; Indiana. Governor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/wisconsin/": {"t": "Wisconsin", "s": "Upper Midwest state known for dairy, brewing, and swing-state politics."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/jefferson-memorial/": {"t": "Jefferson Memorial", "s": "A neoclassical tribute to the author of the Declaration of Independence, anchoring the National Mall alongside the White House.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/jefferson-memorial.webp", "c": "Brian Hamfeldt · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/great-salt-lake/": {"t": "Great Salt Lake", "s": "Largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere, remnant of Lake Bonneville.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/great-salt-lake.webp", "c": "Famartin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-age/": {"t": "Ice age", "s": "A period of prolonged cooling leading to expansion of glaciers and ice caps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/ice-age.webp", "c": "Druyts.t · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/alexander-hamilton/": {"t": "Alexander Hamilton", "s": "", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/alexander-hamilton.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/architects-and-designers/e/architects-and-designers/pierre-charles-l-enfant/": {"t": "Pierre Charles L'Enfant", "s": "French-American engineer who designed Washington, D.C.'s baroque plan."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydropower/": {"t": "Hydropower", "s": "Hydropower uses falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or power machines."}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/colt-s-manufacturing-company/": {"t": "Colt's Manufacturing Company", "s": "American firearms manufacturer founded in 1855 by Samuel Colt."}, "https://codexery.com/tall-tales/e/tall-tales/sam-patch/": {"t": "Sam Patch", "s": "First American daredevil, famed for waterfall jumps."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls/": {"t": "Niagara Falls", "s": "Thundering waters at the border of Canada and the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niagara Falls · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/confluence/": {"t": "Confluence", "s": "Where two or more watercourses join to form a single channel."}, "https://codexery.com/people-from-american-folklore/e/people-from-american-folklore/john-brown-abolitionist/": {"t": "John Brown (abolitionist)", "s": "Abolitionist who used violence to fight slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/west-virginia/": {"t": "West Virginia", "s": "Mountain state admitted as a free state during the Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/john-brown-s-raid-on-harpers-ferry/": {"t": "John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry", "s": "Abolitionist John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, a failed attempt to spark a slave revolt that helped ignite the American Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-and-innovators/e/pioneers-and-innovators/meriwether-lewis/": {"t": "Meriwether Lewis", "s": "American explorer, soldier and politician who led the Lewis and Clark Expedition"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/the-lewis-and-clark-expedition/": {"t": "The Lewis and Clark Expedition", "s": "The Lewis and Clark Expedition sought a direct water route across North America for commerce, with scientific research as a secondary objective.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/the-lewis-and-clark-expedition.webp", "c": "Carte Lewis-Clark Expedition-fr.svg : Sardon derivative work: rowanwindwhistler  · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/factions/united-states-army/": {"t": "United States Army", "s": "The service Easy Company fought in."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-united-states/": {"t": "Southern United States", "s": "The Southern United States: a diverse region defined by history, culture, and climate, from the Atlantic to the Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frederick-douglass/": {"t": "Frederick Douglass", "s": "Escaped slavery; became leading abolitionist orator and writer."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/discrimination/": {"t": "Discrimination", "s": "Unjustified distinctions depriving people of rights or opportunities."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/racial-segregation/": {"t": "Racial segregation", "s": "Separation of people by race or ethnicity, often enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-service-areas-in/e/national-park-service-areas-in-washington-d-c/chesapeake-and-ohio-canal-national-historical-park/": {"t": "Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park", "s": "Preserving the historic C&O Canal and towpath along the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/water-sports/e/water-sports/rafting/": {"t": "Rafting", "s": "Recreational rafting navigates rivers with inflatable rafts and paddles or oars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/water-sports/img/water-sports/rafting.webp", "c": "Heri nugroho · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/e/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/harriet-tubman/": {"t": "Harriet Tubman", "s": "Abolitionist, Union spy, and advocate for women's suffrage."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/seed-drill/": {"t": "Seed drill", "s": "Device that sows seeds evenly at controlled depth and spacing."}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/lincoln-nebraska/": {"t": "Lincoln, Nebraska", "s": "Capital of Nebraska, home to the second-tallest state capitol.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/lincoln-nebraska.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lincoln, Nebraska · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/independence-hall/": {"t": "Independence Hall", "s": "Birthplace of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/independence-hall.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Independence Hall · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/carpenters-hall/": {"t": "Carpenters' Hall", "s": "Birthplace of Pennsylvania and meeting place of the First Continental Congress.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/carpenters-hall.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Carpenters' Hall · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/congress-hall/": {"t": "Congress Hall", "s": "U.S. Capitol from 1790 to 1800, now part of Independence National Historical Park.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/congress-hall.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Congress Hall · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/first-bank-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "First Bank of the United States", "s": "First national bank building, completed 1797, Philadelphia."}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/second-bank-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Second Bank of the United States", "s": "Fiscal agent for the U.S. government and a Greek Revival landmark."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/andrew-jackson/": {"t": "Andrew Jackson", "s": "Seventh U.S. president and architect of Jacksonian democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/city-tavern/": {"t": "City Tavern", "s": "Replica of a colonial tavern frequented by Founding Fathers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/city-tavern.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: City Tavern · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/benjamin-franklin/": {"t": "Benjamin Franklin", "s": "Founding Father, scientist, inventor, and diplomat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/benjamin-franklin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Benjamin Franklin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/national-constitution-center/": {"t": "National Constitution Center", "s": "Interactive museum and national town hall for constitutional study.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/national-constitution-center.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: National Constitution Center · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/president-s-house-philadelphia/": {"t": "President's House (Philadelphia)", "s": "Third U.S. presidential mansion and slavery memorial site."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/james-madison/": {"t": "James Madison", "s": "Founding Father, fourth president of the United States and \"Father of the Constitution\"", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/james-madison.webp", "c": "John Vanderlyn · via Wikipedia: James Madison · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/separation-of-powers/": {"t": "Separation of powers", "s": "Principle dividing government into distinct branches to prevent tyranny."}, "https://codexery.com/rocky/e/world/philadelphia-city-hall/": {"t": "Philadelphia City Hall", "s": "Philadelphia's Second Empire city hall, one of the filming locations of the original Rocky (1976)."}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/free-quaker-meetinghouse/": {"t": "Free Quaker Meetinghouse", "s": "Oldest surviving Quaker meeting house in original Philadelphia city limits.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/free-quaker-meetinghouse.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Free Quaker Meetinghouse · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/e/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/liberty-bell-pavilion/": {"t": "Liberty Bell Pavilion", "s": "Short-lived glass-and-steel home of the Liberty Bell.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buildings-and-structures-in/img/buildings-and-structures-in-independence-national-historical/liberty-bell-pavilion.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Liberty Bell Pavilion · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/jean-lafitte/": {"t": "Jean Lafitte", "s": "French pirate, privateer, and slave trader of the Gulf of Mexico", "i": "https://codexery.com/pirates/img/pirates/jean-lafitte.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jean Lafitte · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/folklore-of-the-united-states/e/folklore-of-the-united-states/cajuns/": {"t": "Cajuns", "s": "Descendants of Acadian exiles with a distinct French dialect and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/e/british-colonization-of-the-americas/expulsion-of-the-acadians/": {"t": "Expulsion of the Acadians", "s": "British forced removal of Acadians, 1755–1764, during the French and Indian War."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-and-indian-war/": {"t": "French and Indian War", "s": "North American conflict between Britain and France for colonial dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/beyonce/e/world/new-orleans/": {"t": "New Orleans", "s": "Setting of the 'Formation' video and of Beyoncé's 2013 Super Bowl halftime show."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/e/natural-disasters/hurricane-katrina/": {"t": "Hurricane Katrina", "s": "The 2005 Category 5 hurricane that flooded New Orleans and became the costliest US tropical cyclone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/img/natural-disasters/hurricane-katrina.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hurricane Katrina · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-breeds/e/animal-breeds/hereford-cattle/": {"t": "Hereford cattle", "s": "British beef breed with distinctive white face."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/father-damien/": {"t": "Father Damien", "s": "Belgian priest who served lepers in Molokaʻi until his death.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/father-damien.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Father Damien · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/antibiotic/": {"t": "Antibiotic", "s": "Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances active against bacteria."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/hawaiian-language/": {"t": "Hawaiian language", "s": "The historic native language of the Hawaiian people, critically endangered but undergoing revival."}, "https://codexery.com/ducks/e/ducks/hawaiian-duck/": {"t": "Hawaiian duck", "s": "Endemic Hawaiian duck threatened by hybridization with feral mallards."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/black-winged-stilt/": {"t": "Black-winged stilt", "s": "Long-legged wader with contentious taxonomy and wide distribution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/black-winged-stilt.webp", "c": "Rohit Sharma · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/black-crowned-night-heron/": {"t": "Black-crowned night heron", "s": "A widespread nocturnal heron known for bait fishing and urban adaptability."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/upper-peninsula-of-michigan/": {"t": "Upper Peninsula of Michigan", "s": "Northern Michigan landmass with strong regional identity and mining history."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cornwall/": {"t": "Cornwall", "s": "A Celtic nation and ceremonial county in South West England."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior/": {"t": "Lake Superior", "s": "Largest freshwater lake by surface area in the world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior.webp", "c": "Phizzy ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/screen-legends/e/screen-legends/douglas-fairbanks/": {"t": "Douglas Fairbanks", "s": "The King of Hollywood who defined the swashbuckling hero."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/lon-chaney/": {"t": "Lon Chaney", "s": "The Man of a Thousand Faces", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/lon-chaney.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lon Chaney · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/opera-composers/john-philip-sousa/": {"t": "John Philip Sousa", "s": "American composer and conductor known as 'The March King'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/opera-composers/john-philip-sousa.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Philip Sousa · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/sarah-bernhardt/": {"t": "Sarah Bernhardt", "s": "The divine Sarah: French stage actress, sculptor, and pioneer of sound recordings and motion pictures."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yukon-river/": {"t": "Yukon River", "s": "Major northwestern North American river and Klondike Gold Rush route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/yukon-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yukon River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-administrators/e/national-park-administrators/parks-canada/": {"t": "Parks Canada", "s": "World's first national park service, managing Canada's natural and cultural heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/columbia-river/": {"t": "Columbia River", "s": "Largest river in the Pacific Northwest, vital for culture and economy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/columbia-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Columbia River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/oregon/": {"t": "Oregon", "s": "33rd state, known for Crater Lake and Mount Hood."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/neoclassical-architecture/": {"t": "Neoclassical architecture", "s": "A return to pure classical forms adapted to modern purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/national-memorials-of-the-united-states/e/national-memorials-of-the-united-states/lincoln-boyhood-national-memorial/": {"t": "Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial", "s": "Preserves the Indiana farm where Abraham Lincoln came of age."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jack-kerouac/": {"t": "Jack Kerouac", "s": "Beat Generation pioneer and master of spontaneous prose"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/tram/": {"t": "Tram", "s": "Urban rail transit on public streets, also known as streetcars or trolleys.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/tram.webp", "c": "Amélie Tsaag Valren · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/vermont/": {"t": "Vermont", "s": "Second-least populated U.S. state, known for progressivism and maple syrup."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/martin-luther-king-jr/": {"t": "Martin Luther King Jr.", "s": "Civil rights leader who championed nonviolent resistance against racial discrimination."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mahatma-gandhi/": {"t": "Mahatma Gandhi", "s": "Leader of India's nonviolent independence movement"}, "https://codexery.com/restaurant-districts-and-streets-in/e/restaurant-districts-and-streets-in-the-united-states/edgewood-avenue/": {"t": "Edgewood Avenue", "s": "Atlanta street known for eclectic nightlife and historic streetcar origins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/restaurant-districts-and-streets-in/img/restaurant-districts-and-streets-in-the-united-states/edgewood-avenue.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edgewood Avenue · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/activists-reformers/e/activists-and-reformers/rosa-parks/": {"t": "Rosa Parks", "s": "Her 1955 bus refusal sparked the Montgomery bus boycott."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/earthworks-engineering/": {"t": "Earthworks (engineering)", "s": "Engineering works processing soil or unformed rock for construction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/earthworks-engineering.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/natchez-trace/e/natchez-trace/natchez-mississippi/": {"t": "Natchez, Mississippi", "s": "Antebellum river city on the lower Mississippi."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/louisiana-new-france/": {"t": "Louisiana (New France)", "s": "Vast French territory in North America, sold to the U.S. in 1803."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-revival-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic Revival architecture", "s": "A movement reviving medieval Gothic architecture in the 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/idaho/": {"t": "Idaho", "s": "The Gem State", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/idaho.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Big Sky Country"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/lava-field/": {"t": "Lava field", "s": "A large, mostly flat area of lava flows, typically composed of highly fluid basalt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/lava-field.webp", "c": "Gerda Arendt · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/blue-mountains-pacific-northwest/": {"t": "Blue Mountains (Pacific Northwest)", "s": "Mountain range in Oregon and Washington, home to largest fungus."}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/swift-fox/": {"t": "Swift fox", "s": "A small Great Plains fox, nearly extinct, now recovering."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/great-grey-owl/": {"t": "Great grey owl", "s": "World's largest owl by length, with exceptional hearing for hunting under snow."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/boreal-owl/": {"t": "Boreal owl", "s": "A small, nocturnal owl of northern forests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/boreal-owl.webp", "c": "Birds of Gilgit-Baltistan from Aliabad, Hunza, Pakistan · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/wolf/": {"t": "Grey wolf", "s": "Largest wild canid, apex predator of Eurasia and North America."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/birds/bald-eagle/": {"t": "Bald Eagle", "s": "The white-headed sea eagle of North America, national bird of the United States and a conservation comeback.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/birds/bald-eagle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bald eagle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/invasive-species/": {"t": "Invasive species", "s": "Introduced species that cause ecological or economic harm."}, "https://codexery.com/gregorian-calendar/e/gregorian-calendar/common-era/": {"t": "Common Era", "s": "Calendar era notation avoiding explicit Christian reference."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/mississippian-period-archaeology/": {"t": "Mississippian period (archaeology)", "s": "Archaeological era of theocratic mound-building societies in the Eastern Woodlands."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/prehistory/": {"t": "Prehistory", "s": "Human history before written records, studied through material evidence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/prehistory.webp", "c": "Palauenc05 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples", "s": "Indigenous peoples are diverse groups with ancestral ties to traditional territories."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians/": {"t": "Paleo-Indians", "s": "First peoples of the Americas during the Late Pleistocene.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/paleo-indians.webp", "c": "NPS · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/cliff/": {"t": "Cliff", "s": "A steep rock face formed by erosion and weathering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/cliff.webp", "c": "Syced · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/e/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/conquistador/": {"t": "Conquistador", "s": "Spanish and Portuguese explorers who conquered and colonized the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/hernando-de-soto/": {"t": "Hernando de Soto", "s": "Spanish explorer who crossed the Mississippi River."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eurasia/": {"t": "Eurasia", "s": "The largest continental area on Earth, spanning Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/muscogee/": {"t": "Muscogee", "s": "Indigenous peoples of the Southeast, forcibly removed in the 1830s."}, "https://codexery.com/cuisine-and-condiments/e/cuisine-and-condiments/rum/": {"t": "Rum", "s": "A distilled spirit born from sugarcane, shaped by history."}, "https://codexery.com/slavery-in-the-british-empire/e/slavery-in-the-british-empire/slavery-in-the-colonial-history-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Slavery in the colonial history of the United States", "s": "Slavery in colonial America grew from agricultural labor demands."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/yamasee-war/": {"t": "Yamasee War", "s": "A 1715–1717 conflict that nearly destroyed the South Carolina colony."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/savannah-georgia/": {"t": "Savannah, Georgia", "s": "Georgia's first city, a historic port and cultural gem.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/savannah-georgia.webp", "c": "Department of Commerce. Bureau of Public Roads. 8/20/1949-4/1/1967 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/streamline-moderne/": {"t": "Streamline Moderne", "s": "A streamlined Art Deco style inspired by aerodynamics and ocean liners."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/mexican-american-war/": {"t": "Mexican–American War", "s": "The Mexican–American War, known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, was an invasion of Mexico by "}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/santa-fe-new-mexico/": {"t": "Santa Fe, New Mexico", "s": "Oldest state capital in the U.S., founded in 1610.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/santa-fe-new-mexico.webp", "c": "Netherzone · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-rebellions-against-the/e/indigenous-rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/pueblo-revolt/": {"t": "Pueblo Revolt", "s": "First successful anti-colonial revolution in the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/greer-garson/": {"t": "Greer Garson", "s": "British-American actress who won an Oscar for Mrs. Miniver."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/george-pullman/": {"t": "George Pullman", "s": "Engineer and industrialist who built the Pullman sleeping car."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/emancipation-proclamation/": {"t": "Emancipation Proclamation", "s": "Presidential order freeing slaves in Confederate states during the Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/e/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/eugene-v-debs/": {"t": "Eugene V. Debs", "s": "Socialist activist and five-time U.S. presidential candidate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/img/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/eugene-v-debs.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Eugene V. Debs · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}}