{"https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/mount-ararat/": {"t": "Mount Ararat", "s": "Dormant volcano in Turkey, national symbol of Armenia."}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/islamic-calendar/": {"t": "Islamic calendar", "s": "Lunar calendar used for Islamic religious observances and dating."}, "https://codexery.com/star-symbols/e/star-symbols/red-star/": {"t": "Red star", "s": "A five-pointed red star with varied political and commercial meanings."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/castles-in-russia/kremlin/": {"t": "Kremlin", "s": "Fortified complex in Moscow, seat of Russian government."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/ani/": {"t": "Ani", "s": "The ruined medieval Armenian capital, once a bustling hub of trade and faith, now a UNESCO World Heritage site on Turkey's eastern border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/img/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/ani.webp", "c": "Francesco Bini · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/double-headed-eagle/e/double-headed-eagle/double-headed-eagle/": {"t": "Double-headed eagle", "s": "Ancient symbol revived as imperial emblem across Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/double-headed-eagle/img/double-headed-eagle/double-headed-eagle.webp", "c": "Dawoodmajoka · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss/": {"t": "Anschluss", "s": "Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss.webp", "c": "Unknown author · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/holy-roman-empire/": {"t": "Holy Roman Empire", "s": "The decentralised empire of Central Europe that lasted from 800 or 962 to 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/explorers-and-pioneers/joseph-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Enlightened absolutist whose reforms faced opposition and partial failure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/img/explorers-and-pioneers/joseph-ii-holy-roman-emperor.webp", "c": "After Willem Jacob Herreyns / Antoine Cardon · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/eighty-years-war/": {"t": "Eighty Years' War", "s": "The Eighty Years' War: A struggle for independence and religious freedom in the Habsburg Netherlands."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/wallonia/": {"t": "Wallonia", "s": "A region of Belgium with a rich industrial history and a diversified modern economy."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/saxe-coburg-and-gotha/": {"t": "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha", "s": "Ernestine duchy in Thuringia, ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin."}, "https://codexery.com/heraldic-beasts/e/heraldic-beasts/lion-heraldry/": {"t": "Lion (heraldry)", "s": "A common heraldic charge symbolizing courage, nobility, and royalty."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/leopold-ii-of-belgium/": {"t": "Leopold II of Belgium", "s": "Second king of the Belgians and founder of the Congo Free State."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/leopold-iii-of-belgium/": {"t": "Leopold III of Belgium", "s": "King of the Belgians whose wartime surrender sparked a constitutional crisis."}, "https://codexery.com/collectors-of-fairy-tales/e/collectors-of-fairy-tales/fabiola-of-belgium/": {"t": "Fabiola of Belgium", "s": "Queen consort of the Belgians and humanitarian."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/empress-elisabeth-of-austria/": {"t": "Empress Elisabeth of Austria", "s": "Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary, assassinated in 1898.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/empress-elisabeth-of-austria.webp", "c": "Hubertl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moravia/": {"t": "Moravia", "s": "A historical land in the east of the Czech Republic, named after the Morava river."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/czech-silesia/": {"t": "Czech Silesia", "s": "A historical Czech land in the northeast, shaped by Silesian heritage and the Oder basin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/czech-silesia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Czech Silesia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-iv-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles IV was born Wenceslaus in Prague on 14 May 1316, the eldest son of John of Bohemia and Queen Elizabeth."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-bohemia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bohemia", "s": "A medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, predecessor of the modern Czech Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/characters/saladin/": {"t": "Saladin", "s": "Founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and Sultan of Egypt and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/arab-world/": {"t": "Arab world", "s": "A region of diverse peoples united by Arabic language and culture, spanning West Asia and North Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/arab-world.webp", "c": "Qbox673 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/national-emblems-with-birds/coat-of-arms-of-iraq/": {"t": "Coat of arms of Iraq", "s": "Coat of arms of Iraq, featuring the Eagle of Saladin."}, "/e/national-emblems-with-birds/coat-of-arms-of-palestine/": {"t": "Coat of arms of Palestine", "s": "Emblem of Palestine featuring the Eagle of Saladin and Palestinian flag."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-jerusalem-1187/": {"t": "Siege of Jerusalem (1187)", "s": "The 1187 siege of Jerusalem ended with a negotiated surrender, limited bloodshed, and the restoration of Muslim holy sites."}, "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/e/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/gamal-abdel-nasser/": {"t": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "s": "Egyptian president who nationalized the Suez Canal and championed Arab unity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/img/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/gamal-abdel-nasser.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gamal Abdel Nasser · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/anwar-sadat/": {"t": "Anwar Sadat", "s": "Third President of Egypt, leader of the October War and architect of the Camp David Accords"}, "https://codexery.com/geography-of-ancient-egypt/e/geography-of-ancient-egypt/upper-egypt/": {"t": "Upper Egypt", "s": "Southern Nile valley region, cradle of pharaonic unification.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geography-of-ancient-egypt/img/geography-of-ancient-egypt/upper-egypt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Upper Egypt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geography-of-ancient-egypt/e/geography-of-ancient-egypt/lower-egypt/": {"t": "Lower Egypt", "s": "Northern region of Egypt comprising the Nile Delta.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geography-of-ancient-egypt/img/geography-of-ancient-egypt/lower-egypt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lower Egypt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pharaohs-of-egypt/e/pharaohs-of-egypt/nectanebo-ii/": {"t": "Nectanebo II", "s": "Last native pharaoh of Egypt, defeated by Achaemenids."}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonisation-in-africa/e/british-colonisation-in-africa/khedivate-of-egypt/": {"t": "Khedivate of Egypt", "s": "Autonomous Ottoman tributary state modernized under Muhammad Ali's dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/e/mythological-and-legendary-figures/marianne/": {"t": "Marianne", "s": "National personification of the French Republic since the Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/heraldic-beasts/e/heraldic-beasts/gallic-rooster/": {"t": "Gallic rooster", "s": "National emblem of France, rooted in a Latin pun."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/merovingian-dynasty/": {"t": "Merovingian dynasty", "s": "The Merovingian family ruled the Franks from the mid-5th century until 751, when Pepin the Short took over.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/merovingian-dynasty.webp", "c": "Rudric · via Wikipedia: Merovingian dynasty · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/house-of-capet/": {"t": "House of Capet", "s": "The direct Capetian kings who ruled France from 987 to 1328."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xvi/": {"t": "Louis XVI", "s": "Last king of France before the fall of the monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jacques-louis-david/": {"t": "Jacques-Louis David", "s": "French Neoclassical painter and dictator of arts under the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/words-and-phrases-derived-from-greek/e/words-and-phrases-derived-from-greek-mythology/herculean/": {"t": "Herculean", "s": "Of or like Hercules; requiring great strength."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/louis-xviii/": {"t": "Louis XVIII", "s": "The constitutional monarch who restored the Bourbon dynasty after Napoleon."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-philippe-i/": {"t": "Louis Philippe I", "s": "Last French king; abdicated in 1848 Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/sigillography/": {"t": "Sigillography", "s": "The scholarly study of seals and their historical contexts."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/first-french-empire/": {"t": "First French Empire", "s": "Empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, dominating early 19th-century Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/first-french-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: First French Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/konrad-adenauer/": {"t": "Konrad Adenauer", "s": "First Chancellor of West Germany and CDU leader from 1946 to 1966."}, "https://codexery.com/monster/e/lore/east-germany/": {"t": "East Germany", "s": "The divided Germany behind Monster: the East that ran Kinderheim 511 and the West the Lieberts fled to."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/lore/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "King of the Franks and Lombards, crowned emperor in 800."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/e/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Holy Roman Emperor, polymath, and centralizer of royal power."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Last Holy Roman Emperor, first Emperor of Austria."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-confederation/": {"t": "German Confederation", "s": "An association of 39 German states from 1815 to 1866, created by the Congress of Vienna.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-confederation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Confederation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/german-revolutions-of-1848-1849/": {"t": "German revolutions of 1848–1849", "s": "A series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the German Confederation, beginning with the March Revolution of 1848."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-bavaria/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bavaria", "s": "A German kingdom ruled by the Wittelsbachs from 1806 to 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-w-rttemberg/": {"t": "Kingdom of Württemberg", "s": "A constitutional monarchy in southern Germany from 1806 to 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/grand-duchy-of-baden/": {"t": "Grand Duchy of Baden", "s": "A German grand duchy on the Rhine, known for its liberal constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-prussia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Prussia", "s": "German state that unified Germany and dominated the German Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/wild-men/e/wild-men/coat-of-arms-of-prussia/": {"t": "Coat of arms of Prussia", "s": "Heraldic emblem of Prussia from 1229 to 1947."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-folklore/e/swiss-folklore/wild-man/": {"t": "Wild man", "s": "Mythical hairy human of medieval European art and folklore."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ghana/": {"t": "Ghana", "s": "First Sub-Saharan African colony to achieve sovereignty."}, "https://codexery.com/deities-in-the-hebrew-bible/e/deities-in-the-hebrew-bible/inanna/": {"t": "Inanna", "s": "Mesopotamian goddess of war, love, and the Queen of Heaven."}, "https://codexery.com/divine-twins/e/divine-twins/shamash/": {"t": "Shamash", "s": "Mesopotamian sun god of justice, travelers, and divination."}, "https://codexery.com/domestic-breeds-types/e/domestic-breeds-and-types/arabian-horse/": {"t": "Arabian horse", "s": "One of the oldest and most influential horse breeds."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/tigris/": {"t": "Tigris", "s": "Eastern great river of Mesopotamia, flowing through history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/tigris.webp", "c": "Hamza Al Mosuly · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fruit-trees-berries/e/fruit-trees-and-berries/date-palm/": {"t": "Date palm", "s": "Cultivated for millennia, dates are emblematic of oasis agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/ottoman-and-middle-eastern-leaders/e/ottoman-and-middle-eastern-leaders/abdul-karim-qasim/": {"t": "Abdul-Karim Qasim", "s": "Iraqi prime minister who overthrew the monarchy and led a military regime.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ottoman-and-middle-eastern-leaders/img/ottoman-and-middle-eastern-leaders/abdul-karim-qasim.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Abdul-Karim Qasim · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/star-symbols/e/star-symbols/star-of-ishtar/": {"t": "Star of Ishtar", "s": "Mesopotamian symbol of the goddess Inanna and Ishtar."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/abdullah-i-of-jordan/": {"t": "Abdullah I of Jordan", "s": "Founding monarch of Jordan and participant in the Arab Revolt."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/emir/": {"t": "Emir", "s": "Arabic title for commander, prince, or monarch."}, "https://codexery.com/state-ritual-and-ceremonies/e/state-ritual-and-ceremonies/crown/": {"t": "Crown", "s": "A head adornment symbolizing monarchic power and dignity."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/e/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/arab-revolt/": {"t": "Arab Revolt", "s": "Hashemite-led uprising against Ottoman rule in World War I.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/img/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/arab-revolt.webp", "c": "Maurice Bauche (1878–1956) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/flags-with-star-and-crescent/e/flags-with-star-and-crescent/flag-of-malaysia/": {"t": "Flag of Malaysia", "s": "National flag of Malaysia with crescent and 14-point star."}, "https://codexery.com/formation-of-malaysia/e/formation-of-malaysia/state-of-singapore-malaysia/": {"t": "State of Singapore (Malaysia)", "s": "A brief, populous state in the Malaysian federation."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/penang/": {"t": "Penang", "s": "Malaysian state, leading exporter, densely populated, culturally diverse."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/formation-of-malaysia/e/formation-of-malaysia/malaysia-day/": {"t": "Malaysia Day", "s": "Annual holiday marking the 1963 formation of the Malaysian federation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/formation-of-malaysia/img/formation-of-malaysia/malaysia-day.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Malaysia Day · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/borneo/": {"t": "Borneo", "s": "Third-largest island, divided among three sovereign states."}, "https://codexery.com/archery/e/archery/bow-and-arrow/": {"t": "Bow and arrow", "s": "A prehistoric ranged weapon system still used for hunting and sport."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/great-mosque-of-djenn/": {"t": "Great Mosque of Djenné", "s": "Largest adobe brick building in the world, in Djenné, Mali.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/great-mosque-of-djenn.webp", "c": "Ruud Zwart · via Wikipedia: Great Mosque of Djenné · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii/": {"t": "Edward VII", "s": "King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 1901 to 1910.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii.webp", "c": "Author (artist) unknown (work was published in 1888) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/governance-of-the-british-empire/e/governance-of-the-british-empire/crown-colony/": {"t": "Crown colony", "s": "A British territory governed directly by the Crown."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/portuguese-empire/": {"t": "Portuguese Empire", "s": "The first and longest-lasting European colonial empire, spanning nearly 600 years from 1415 to 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/dutch-colonial-empire/": {"t": "Dutch colonial empire", "s": "Global trading empire spanning Asia, Africa, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "French colonial empire", "s": "Overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandates under French rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire.webp", "c": "M. G. Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/e/former-dutch-colonies/rodrigues/": {"t": "Rodrigues", "s": "Autonomous outer island of Mauritius in the Mascarene archipelago."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/e/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/agal-ga/": {"t": "Agaléga", "s": "A remote Mauritian dependency of two coconut-covered islands in the Indian Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/garden-of-eden/": {"t": "Garden of Eden", "s": "Biblical paradise of Adam and Eve, source of four rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/hern-n-cort-s/": {"t": "Hernán Cortés", "s": "Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Aztec Empire", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/hern-n-cort-s.webp", "c": "Unknown artistUnknown artist · via Wikipedia: Hernán Cortés · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/solar-gods/e/solar-gods/hu-tzil-p-chtli/": {"t": "Huītzilōpōchtli", "s": "Aztec solar and war god, patron of Tenochtitlan."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural-beings-identified-with-chri/e/supernatural-beings-identified-with-christian-saints/quetzalc-tl/": {"t": "Quetzalcōātl", "s": "Feathered serpent deity of wind, wisdom, and Venus."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/ornithology/": {"t": "Ornithology", "s": "Branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/crested-caracara/": {"t": "Crested caracara", "s": "A bold, opportunistic raptor of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-mexico/": {"t": "New Mexico", "s": "Land of diverse cultures, history, and high desert."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-of-south-america/e/birds-of-prey-of-south-america/harpy-eagle/": {"t": "Harpy eagle", "s": "Largest raptor in its range, preys on sloths and monkeys."}, "https://codexery.com/cattle-breeds/e/cattle-breeds/afrikaner-cattle/": {"t": "Afrikaner cattle", "s": "A Sanga breed from southern Africa, used for draught and beef."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-the-british-empire/e/history-of-the-british-empire/south-west-africa/": {"t": "South West Africa", "s": "South African mandate territory that became independent Namibia in 1990."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/phosphorus/": {"t": "Phosphorus", "s": "The element that glows, burns, and sustains life."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/frigatebird/": {"t": "Frigatebird", "s": "Seabirds with the largest wing area to body mass ratio."}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plant-families/e/flowering-plant-families/arecaceae/": {"t": "Arecaceae", "s": "Palms are a diverse plant family with tropical and subtropical distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-cross/": {"t": "Christian cross", "s": "Symbol of Christianity, representing the crucifixion of Jesus."}, "https://codexery.com/crucifixion-of-jesus/e/crucifixion-of-jesus/calvary/": {"t": "Calvary", "s": "Site of Jesus' crucifixion, traditionally at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/fruits-and-vegetables/coconut/": {"t": "Coconut", "s": "A versatile tropical palm providing food, fuel, and materials."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/palestine-liberation-organization/": {"t": "Palestine Liberation Organization", "s": "Palestinian nationalist coalition and internationally recognized representative of the Palestinian people."}, "/e/national-emblems-with-birds/coat-of-arms-of-egypt/": {"t": "Coat of arms of Egypt", "s": "Heraldic golden eagle symbolizing Egyptian and Arab nationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/fatimid-caliphate/": {"t": "Fatimid Caliphate", "s": "Isma'ili Shi'a caliphate spanning North Africa and West Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/isthmus-of-panama/": {"t": "Isthmus of Panama", "s": "Narrow land bridge linking North and South America."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-government-title/": {"t": "President (government title)", "s": "Title for head of state in most republics."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-spanish-empire/philippine-revolution/": {"t": "Philippine Revolution", "s": "War of independence against Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/luzon/": {"t": "Luzon", "s": "The largest and most populous island of the Philippines, economic and political center of the nation."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/mindanao/": {"t": "Mindanao", "s": "Second-largest Philippine island, major agricultural hub, religiously diverse.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/mindanao.webp", "c": "Original data: ESA Copernicus Sentinel-2\nProcessed and compiled by EOX IT Services GmbH · via Wikipedia: Mindanao · Attribution"}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/birds/bald-eagle/": {"t": "Bald Eagle", "s": "The white-headed sea eagle of North America, national bird of the United States and a conservation comeback.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/birds/bald-eagle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bald eagle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/ferdinand-vii/": {"t": "Ferdinand VII", "s": "King whose reign deepened Spain's liberal-absolutist divide."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-american-war/e/philippine-american-war/first-philippine-republic/": {"t": "First Philippine Republic", "s": "Unrecognized republic established during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philippine-american-war/img/philippine-american-war/first-philippine-republic.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: First Philippine Republic · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ferdinand-marcos/": {"t": "Ferdinand Marcos", "s": "Tenth president of the Philippines, ruled as a dictator under martial law.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ferdinand-marcos.webp", "c": "Malacañang Press · via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Marcos · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/corazon-aquino/": {"t": "Corazon Aquino", "s": "The Mother of Philippine Democracy"}, "https://codexery.com/atlantis/e/atlantis/pillars-of-hercules/": {"t": "Pillars of Hercules", "s": "Gateway at the Strait of Gibraltar, steeped in myth and history."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures-and-statues/e/sculptures-and-statues/relief/": {"t": "Relief", "s": "Sculptural method where forms remain attached to a solid background."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/e/mythological-and-legendary-figures/lech-czech-and-rus/": {"t": "Lech, Czech, and Rus", "s": "Legendary Slavic brothers who founded three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/boles-aw-i-the-brave/": {"t": "Bolesław I the Brave", "s": "First King of Poland, unifier and expander of the realm."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/piast-dynasty/": {"t": "Piast dynasty", "s": "First historical ruling dynasty of Poland, from c."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/stephen-b-thory/": {"t": "Stephen Báthory", "s": "King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Prince of Transylvania."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/polish-lithuanian-commonwealth/": {"t": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "s": "A semi-federal, semi-confederal real union of Poland and Lithuania created in 1569."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/casimir-iv-jagiellon/": {"t": "Casimir IV Jagiellon", "s": "Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/henry-iii-of-france/": {"t": "Henry III of France", "s": "King of France and Poland, assassinated during the Wars of Religion."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco/": {"t": "Art Deco", "s": "A decorative style of luxury and geometric form.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/img/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Art Deco · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/moldavia/": {"t": "Moldavia", "s": "Historical principality that united with Wallachia to form Romania."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/dobruja/": {"t": "Dobruja", "s": "A Balkan region divided between Bulgaria and Romania since the 19th century.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/dobruja.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/bicameralism/": {"t": "Bicameralism", "s": "A legislature divided into two separate assemblies or houses."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/danube/": {"t": "Danube", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, a historic frontier and trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/danube.webp", "c": "Visions of Domino · via Wikipedia: Danube · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/the-crown/e/characters/elizabeth-ii/": {"t": "Elizabeth II", "s": "Queen for 70 years and the centre of The Crown, played by Claire Foy, Olivia Colman and Imelda Staunton."}, "https://codexery.com/furniture-household-items/e/furniture-and-household-items/stool-seat/": {"t": "Stool (seat)", "s": "A raised seat without armrests or backrest, among the earliest furniture."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-indian-ocean/e/birds-of-the-indian-ocean/white-tailed-tropicbird/": {"t": "White-tailed tropicbird", "s": "Smallest tropicbird, known for its long tail and surface-plunging diet."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/somaliland/": {"t": "Somaliland", "s": "Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is a partially recognised state in the Horn of Africa, located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/democracy/": {"t": "Democracy", "s": "Government where power is vested in the people."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}}