Tibia
The larger, stronger shinbone connecting knee and ankle.
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The tibia is the larger, weightbearing bone of the lower leg, forming the tibiofemoral joint with the femur.[1][2] The shaft is triangular in cross-section with three borders and three surfaces.[3]
Quick Facts
- Latin
- (os) tibia
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
The intercondylar area separates the condyles and contains the intercondylar eminence formed by medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles.[1] The tibia's blood supply comes from a nutrient artery and periosteal vessels from the anterior tibial artery.[4] Compared to the lateral condyle, the medial condyle is bigger and receives more support from the shaft beneath it.[1] The intercondylar area is split into anterior and posterior sections by the intercondylar eminence.[1]
In the anterior intercondylar area, its anterolateral part contains many small holes that allow nutrient arteries to pass through.[1] The condyles' articular surfaces are concave, especially in the center, and their flatter peripheral edges make contact with the menisci.[1] The medial condyle's top surface is oval-shaped, whereas the lateral condyle's top surface is more round.[1] A horizontal groove on the posterior medial condyle provides attachment for the semimembranosus muscle, and the lateral condyle features a round facet that articulates with the fibular head.[1]
The patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity, which is located just below the condyles.[1]
What the cited sources add
The book "Gray's Anatomy for Students" (2010, 1136 pages) describes the tibia's shaft as triangular in cross-section with three borders and three surfaces.[5][3] The book "The Vertebrate Body" (1980, 640 pages) notes that the tibia's structure in most tetrapods is similar to humans.[6][7] That source also states that in reptiles, birds, and amphibians, the tibial tuberosity attaches the quadriceps tendon instead of the patellar ligament.[6][7]
References
- Wikipedia, "Tibia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Drake, "Gray´s Anatomy for Students", Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier }}{{page needed, May 2015, p. 558–560 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tibia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Occupational kneeling and radiographic tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis", J Occup Med Toxicol, 2009, p. 19; "Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics after reconstruction of an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury: in vivo analysis during lunge", Am J Sports Med, December 2009, p. 2377–85; Drake, "Gray´s Anatomy for Students", Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2010, p. 584–588 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tibia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Drake, "Gray´s Anatomy for Students", Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2010, p. 584–588 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tibia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Blood supply of the human tibia", J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1960, p. 625–36 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9780443069529 ("Gray's anatomy for students"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 003910284X ("Vertebrate Body"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
- Wikipedia, "Tibia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Romer, Alfred Sherwood, "The Vertebrate Body", Holt-Saunders International, 1977, p. 205 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Tibia (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Tibia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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