{"/e/mount-etna/agatha-of-sicily/": {"t": "Agatha of Sicily", "s": "Early Christian virgin martyr and patron saint of Catania."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/catania/": {"t": "Catania", "s": "Second-largest Sicilian city by population, at the base of Mount Etna."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/convergent-boundary/": {"t": "Convergent boundary", "s": "A zone where lithospheric plates collide and subduct."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/african-plate/": {"t": "African plate", "s": "Major tectonic plate comprising most of Africa and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/subduction/": {"t": "Subduction", "s": "Subduction recycles lithosphere into the mantle, driving plate tectonics."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/eurasian-plate/": {"t": "Eurasian plate", "s": "Tectonic plate covering most of Eurasia and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/stratovolcano/": {"t": "Stratovolcano", "s": "Steep, explosive volcanoes built from alternating lava and tephra layers"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/mount-etna/": {"t": "Mount Etna", "s": "Active stratovolcano on Sicily's east coast, among Europe's tallest."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/fault-geology/": {"t": "Fault (geology)", "s": "A fracture in rock where displacement occurs, causing earthquakes."}, "/e/mount-etna/1693-sicily-earthquake/": {"t": "1693 Sicily earthquake", "s": "The most powerful earthquake in recorded Italian history."}, "/e/mount-etna/catania-cathedral/": {"t": "Catania Cathedral", "s": "Baroque cathedral rebuilt after earthquakes and eruptions of Mount Etna."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural-legends/e/supernatural-legends/divine-retribution/": {"t": "Divine retribution", "s": "Divine punishment by a deity for provoking anger."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/ionian-sea/": {"t": "Ionian Sea", "s": "Deepest point in the Mediterranean, seismically active sea."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/aeolian-islands/": {"t": "Aeolian Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago named after the mythical ruler of the winds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/img/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/aeolian-islands.webp", "c": "This image was taken by the NASA Expedition 17 crew. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-aragon/": {"t": "Kingdom of Aragon", "s": "Medieval kingdom that formed the nucleus of modern Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/lava-field/": {"t": "Lava field", "s": "A large, mostly flat area of lava flows, typically composed of highly fluid basalt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/lava-field.webp", "c": "Gerda Arendt · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/aristocracy/": {"t": "Aristocracy", "s": "Rule by a small, privileged class of aristocrats.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/aristocracy.webp", "c": "DzHaruna · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanic-cone/": {"t": "Volcanic cone", "s": "Volcanic cones are simple landforms built by ejected material around a vent."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/canary-islands/": {"t": "Canary Islands", "s": "The Fortunate Isles: a subtropical archipelago linking Africa, Europe, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-crystals/e/minerals-and-crystals/plagioclase/": {"t": "Plagioclase", "s": "A continuous solid solution series of feldspar minerals."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/crown-of-aragon/": {"t": "Crown of Aragon", "s": "A medieval Mediterranean thalassocracy of autonomous realms under one king."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/calabria/": {"t": "Calabria", "s": "Southern Italian region, ancient heart of Magna Graecia."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-messina/": {"t": "Strait of Messina", "s": "Narrow strait linking Sicily to mainland Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/algae-and-protists/e/algae-and-protists/foraminifera/": {"t": "Foraminifera", "s": "Single-celled protists with intricate shells, key to Earth's history."}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/sovereign-military-order-of-malta/": {"t": "Sovereign Military Order of Malta", "s": "Sovereign Catholic order with global humanitarian mission."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/caltagirone/": {"t": "Caltagirone", "s": "Sicilian city known for pottery, a monumental staircase, and UNESCO protection."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography.webp", "c": "NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/thucydides/": {"t": "Thucydides", "s": "Athenian historian and general who chronicled the Peloponnesian War."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/campania/": {"t": "Campania", "s": "Campania is a densely populated, economically productive region in southern Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/carthage/": {"t": "Carthage", "s": "Ancient Phoenician city on the coast of Tunisia, capital of a Punic empire."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/torture/": {"t": "Torture", "s": "Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/img/crime-and-deviance/torture.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/molise/": {"t": "Molise", "s": "Second smallest Italian region, created in 1963 from Abruzzo."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain between 1936 and 1939, pitting the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/judy-chicago/": {"t": "Judy Chicago", "s": "American feminist artist who created The Dinner Party.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/judy-chicago.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Judy Chicago · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/piero-della-francesca/": {"t": "Piero della Francesca", "s": "Italian painter, mathematician and geometer of the Early Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/epaminondas/": {"t": "Epaminondas", "s": "The Theban general who broke Spartan power and reshaped Greece.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/epaminondas.webp", "c": "Daderot · via Wikipedia: Epaminondas · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "/e/mount-etna/1169-sicily-earthquake/": {"t": "1169 Sicily earthquake", "s": "A devastating earthquake and tsunami struck Sicily in 1169."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica/": {"t": "St. Peter's Basilica", "s": "The Vatican's Renaissance basilica over the traditional tomb of Saint Peter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Peter's Basilica · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/milan-cathedral/": {"t": "Milan Cathedral", "s": "Largest church in Italy, built over nearly six centuries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/milan-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Milan Cathedral · see source"}, "/e/mount-etna/aetna-city/": {"t": "Aetna (city)", "s": "Ancient Sicilian city at the foot of Mount Etna."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/athena/": {"t": "Athena", "s": "Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft; patron of Athens."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hesiod/": {"t": "Hesiod", "s": "Ancient Greek poet, author of Theogony and Works and Days", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/hesiod.webp", "c": "Yair Haklai · via Wikipedia: Hesiod · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/cronus/": {"t": "Cronus", "s": "Titan king who overthrew his father and was overthrown by his son."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/zeus/": {"t": "Zeus", "s": "King of the gods, sky and thunder deity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/euripides/": {"t": "Euripides", "s": "The most tragic of poets"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-theatre/e/ancient-greek-theatre/satyr-play/": {"t": "Satyr play", "s": "Attic theatre form blending tragedy and comedy with satyr choruses."}, "https://codexery.com/polyphemus/e/polyphemus/cyclops-play/": {"t": "Cyclops (play)", "s": "Euripides' only complete satyr play, based on Homer."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/dionysus/": {"t": "Dionysus", "s": "God of wine, theatre, and ecstatic liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/poets-of-the-ancient-world/callimachus/": {"t": "Callimachus", "s": "Hellenistic poet, scholar, and librarian of Alexandria."}, "https://codexery.com/references-on-greek-mythology/e/references-on-greek-mythology/bibliotheca-apollodorus/": {"t": "Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)", "s": "A comprehensive collection of Greek myths and genealogies."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-legendary-creatures/e/greek-legendary-creatures/hecatoncheires/": {"t": "Hecatoncheires", "s": "Three hundred-handed, fifty-headed giants who helped Zeus defeat the Titans."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/horace/": {"t": "Horace", "s": "Leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-acropolis/": {"t": "The Acropolis", "s": "The seven wonders chosen by global vote in 2007"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/apollo/": {"t": "Apollo", "s": "God of light, healing, prophecy, music, poetry, and archery; twin brother of Artemis."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/alexandre-dumas/": {"t": "Alexandre Dumas", "s": "French writer of historical adventure serials.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/alexandre-dumas.webp", "c": "Nadar · via Wikipedia: Alexandre Dumas · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/herman-melville/": {"t": "Herman Melville", "s": "American writer of the American Renaissance period, best known for Moby-Dick."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/henry-wadsworth-longfellow/": {"t": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "s": "American poet and educator, author of 'Paul Revere's Ride' and translator of Dante's Divine Comedy."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/e/moons-of-saturn/enceladus/": {"t": "Enceladus", "s": "A small, icy moon with active geysers and a subsurface ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/img/moons-of-saturn/enceladus.webp", "c": "Justin Cowart · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/volcano/": {"t": "Volcano", "s": "A vent in a planet's crust that erupts magma."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/rapid-transit/": {"t": "Rapid transit", "s": "High-capacity urban electric rail transit on exclusive rights-of-way."}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-mainz/": {"t": "Electorate of Mainz", "s": "One of the most prestigious states of the Holy Roman Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/thuringia/": {"t": "Thuringia", "s": "Central German state, green heart, home to Bach, Goethe, Schiller."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-swordfighters/e/mythological-swordfighters/witege/": {"t": "Witege", "s": "Warrior of Dietrich von Bern who betrayed him."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/verona/": {"t": "Verona", "s": "Ancient Roman city, UNESCO site, and setting for Shakespeare's plays."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-folklore/e/swiss-folklore/wild-man/": {"t": "Wild man", "s": "Mythical hairy human of medieval European art and folklore."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bratislava/": {"t": "Bratislava", "s": "Capital of Slovakia, historic coronation city of Hungarian kings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/bratislava.webp", "c": "Lukáš Perný · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/czech-language/": {"t": "Czech language", "s": "A West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, official in the Czech Republic, with a rich morphology and a raised alveolar trill."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/danish-language/": {"t": "Danish language", "s": "North Germanic language spoken by about 5.5 million people."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/veneration-of-the-dead/": {"t": "Veneration of the dead", "s": "Love and respect for the dead across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/pope-gregory-i/": {"t": "Pope Gregory I", "s": "The 64th Bishop of Rome and a Father of the Church", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/pope-gregory-i.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pope Gregory I · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/poets-of-the-ancient-world/apollonius-of-rhodes/": {"t": "Apollonius of Rhodes", "s": "Ancient Greek poet and librarian, author of the Argonautica."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/ares/": {"t": "Ares", "s": "Greek god of war, courage, and bloodlust."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-rapists/e/mythological-rapists/mars-mythology/": {"t": "Mars (mythology)", "s": "Roman god of war and father of Romulus and Remus."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/seneca-the-younger/": {"t": "Seneca the Younger", "s": "Stoic philosopher, dramatist, and advisor to Emperor Nero."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanology/": {"t": "Volcanology", "s": "Study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related phenomena."}}