{"https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/heraclius/": {"t": "Heraclius", "s": "Byzantine emperor who defeated the Persians but lost newly regained lands to the Arab conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constans-ii/": {"t": "Constans II", "s": "Byzantine emperor who visited Rome and faced Arab invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/home-and-furniture/e/home-and-furniture/bathtub/": {"t": "Bathtub", "s": "A container for holding water for bathing."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-vii/": {"t": "Constantine VII", "s": "Byzantine emperor and scholar who compiled key historical and agronomic works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-vii.webp", "c": "Classical Numismatic Group · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/dysentery/": {"t": "Dysentery", "s": "A diarrheal disease causing bloody stools, often from poor sanitation."}, "https://codexery.com/paraphilias/e/paraphilias/flagellation/": {"t": "Flagellation", "s": "Beating the body with whips, for punishment, religion, or sexual practice."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/helena-kantakouzene/": {"t": "Helena Kantakouzene", "s": "Empress consort, regent, and daughter of John VI Kantakouzenos."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/maria-wife-of-leo-iii/": {"t": "Maria (wife of Leo III)", "s": "Empress consort of Leo III, mother of Constantine V."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-of-the-ottoman-empire/e/historiography-of-the-ottoman-empire/rise-of-the-ottoman-empire/": {"t": "Rise of the Ottoman Empire", "s": "From a small beylik to a centralized empire spanning three continents."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/sons-of-emperors/e/sons-of-emperors/andronikos-asen/": {"t": "Andronikos Asen", "s": "Byzantine epitropos of the Morea, conqueror of Frankish territory."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/anna-of-savoy/": {"t": "Anna of Savoy", "s": "Byzantine empress consort, regent, and autonomous ruler of Thessalonica."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/theodora-palaiologina-byzantine-empress/": {"t": "Theodora Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)", "s": "Empress consort of Michael VIII Palaiologos."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-roman-triumphators/e/ancient-roman-triumphators/tiberius/": {"t": "Tiberius", "s": "Second Roman emperor and successful general who expanded the northern frontier."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/anastasia-wife-of-constantine-iv/": {"t": "Anastasia (wife of Constantine IV)", "s": "Empress consort of Constantine IV, mother of Justinian II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/justinian-i/": {"t": "Justinian I", "s": "Roman emperor who codified Roman law and reconquered lost territories."}, "https://codexery.com/shahnameh-characters/e/shahnameh-characters/hormizd-iv/": {"t": "Hormizd IV", "s": "Sasanian king whose reign ended in civil war and deposition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/shahnameh-characters/img/shahnameh-characters/hormizd-iv.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hormizd IV · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/castrated-people/e/castrated-people/eunuch/": {"t": "Eunuch", "s": "Castrated men serving in royal courts and religious roles across history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/hagia-sophia/": {"t": "Hagia Sophia", "s": "Justinian's great domed church in Istanbul: cathedral, mosque, museum and mosque again.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/hagia-sophia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hagia Sophia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/danube/": {"t": "Danube", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, a historic frontier and trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/danube.webp", "c": "Visions of Domino · via Wikipedia: Danube · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-marmara/": {"t": "Sea of Marmara", "s": "A small inland sea linking the Black Sea and Aegean, rich in history and mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/nicomedia/": {"t": "Nicomedia", "s": "Ancient Greek city, Roman eastern capital, center of Christian persecution."}, "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/e/aging-associated-diseases/arthritis/": {"t": "Arthritis", "s": "A joint disorder from cartilage loss causing bone-on-bone grinding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/img/aging-associated-diseases/arthritis.webp", "c": "Alfred Loomis & William Thompson · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/torture/": {"t": "Torture", "s": "Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/img/crime-and-deviance/torture.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hagia-sophia/e/hagia-sophia/patria-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Patria of Constantinople", "s": "Byzantine collection on Constantinople's history and monuments."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bosporus/": {"t": "Bosporus", "s": "The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and dividing Europe from Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/ceremonies/e/ceremonies/de-ceremoniis/": {"t": "De Ceremoniis", "s": "A 10th-century Byzantine court ceremonial manual.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ceremonies/img/ceremonies/de-ceremoniis.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: De Ceremoniis · see source"}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/aelia-eudoxia/": {"t": "Aelia Eudoxia", "s": "Eastern Roman empress, mother of Theodosius II, opponent of John Chrysostom."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/arcadius/": {"t": "Arcadius", "s": "Weak emperor dominated by ministers and his wife."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hippodrome-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Hippodrome of Constantinople", "s": "Ancient chariot-racing arena turned public square in Istanbul."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/alexios-i-komnenos/": {"t": "Alexios I Komnenos", "s": "Byzantine emperor who sparked the First Crusade."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/anna-komnene/": {"t": "Anna Komnene", "s": "Byzantine princess and historian who wrote the Alexiad.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/img/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/anna-komnene.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Anna Komnene · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-scythians/": {"t": "The Scythians", "s": "Ancient Iranic nomads who dominated the Pontic Steppe."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/athena/": {"t": "Athena", "s": "Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft; patron of Athens."}, "https://codexery.com/arthritis/e/arthritis/poor-man-s-gout/": {"t": "Poor man's gout", "s": "An obsolete term for gout-like arthritis."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-xi-palaiologos/": {"t": "Constantine XI Palaiologos", "s": "Last Byzantine emperor, died defending Constantinople in 1453."}, "https://codexery.com/mothers-of-emperors/e/mothers-of-emperors/theodora-kantakouzene/": {"t": "Theodora Kantakouzene", "s": "Empress consort of Trebizond, wife of Alexios III."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/emir/": {"t": "Emir", "s": "Arabic title for commander, prince, or monarch."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-fall-of-constantinople/": {"t": "The Fall of Constantinople", "s": "The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the early modern period."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/empire-of-nicaea/": {"t": "Empire of Nicaea", "s": "Largest Byzantine rump state that recaptured Constantinople in 1261."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/latin-empire/": {"t": "Latin Empire", "s": "A Crusader state born from the Fourth Crusade, ruling Constantinople from 1204 to 1261."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom/": {"t": "John Chrysostom", "s": "Church Father and Archbishop of Constantinople known for eloquent preaching.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Chrysostom · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/miscarriage/": {"t": "Miscarriage", "s": "Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/stillbirth/": {"t": "Stillbirth", "s": "Death of a fetus at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/culture-of-ancient-rome/e/culture-of-ancient-rome/culture-of-ancient-rome/": {"t": "Culture of ancient Rome", "s": "A civilization of monumental cities, law, and lasting cultural influence."}, "https://codexery.com/deified-roman-emperors/e/deified-roman-emperors/theodosius-i/": {"t": "Theodosius I", "s": "Last emperor to rule the entire Roman Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/stilicho/": {"t": "Stilicho", "s": "The half-Vandal general who ruled the Western Roman Empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/stilicho.webp", "c": "Carlodell · via Wikipedia: Stilicho · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/marble/": {"t": "Marble", "s": "Metamorphic rock prized for sculpture and architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/nicene-creed/": {"t": "Nicene Creed", "s": "A creed distinguishing orthodox belief from heresy in Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/socrates-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Socrates of Constantinople", "s": "5th-century Greek church historian, author of Historia Ecclesiastica."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/arianism/": {"t": "Arianism", "s": "A nontrinitarian doctrine named after Arius, condemned as heresy."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/origen/": {"t": "Origen", "s": "Prolific early Christian theologian and controversial Church Father."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/judy-chicago/": {"t": "Judy Chicago", "s": "American feminist artist who created The Dinner Party.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/judy-chicago.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Judy Chicago · see source"}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/martina-empress/": {"t": "Martina (empress)", "s": "Empress, regent, and controversial second wife of Heraclius."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/deified-roman-emperors/e/deified-roman-emperors/valentinian-i/": {"t": "Valentinian I", "s": "Roman emperor who strengthened the Rhine and Danube frontiers."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/e/christian-reformers-and-mystics/theodoret/": {"t": "Theodoret", "s": "Antiochene theologian, bishop, and commentator in Christological disputes."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/lemnos/": {"t": "Lemnos", "s": "Greek island in the northern Aegean, sacred to Hephaestus."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/lesbos/": {"t": "Lesbos", "s": "Greek island in the northeastern Aegean Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/patrician-ancient-rome/": {"t": "Patrician (ancient Rome)", "s": "Original ruling class of ancient Rome, distinguished from plebeians."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/first-bulgarian-empire/": {"t": "First Bulgarian Empire", "s": "Medieval Balkan power that rivaled Byzantium and shaped Slavic culture."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-v/": {"t": "Constantine V", "s": "Byzantine emperor who strengthened borders and enforced iconoclast policies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-v.webp", "c": "Kostisl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constantine-the-great/e/constantine-the-great/augustaion/": {"t": "Augustaion", "s": "Ceremonial square linking Hagia Sophia, imperial palace, and Hippodrome."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/theodora-wife-of-theophilos/": {"t": "Theodora (wife of Theophilos)", "s": "Empress consort, regent, and restorer of icon veneration."}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/caesar-title/": {"t": "Caesar (title)", "s": "From cognomen to imperial title: the evolution of Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/img/imperial-titles/caesar-title.webp", "c": "Justus van Egmont · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/harun-al-rashid/": {"t": "Harun al-Rashid", "s": "The fifth Abbasid caliph whose reign marked the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/harun-al-rashid/e/harun-al-rashid/abbasid-invasion-of-asia-minor-782/": {"t": "Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (782)", "s": "A major Abbasid campaign that reached the Bosporus."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/peloponnese/": {"t": "Peloponnese", "s": "Southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, cradle of Mycenaean civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-tentative-list-for-turkey/e/world-heritage-tentative-list-for-turkey/i-znik/": {"t": "İznik", "s": "Ancient Nicaea, Ottoman tile center, and site of the Second Council."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/benevento/": {"t": "Benevento", "s": "Ancient Samnite city on the Appian Way, later a Roman colony."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/carolingian-empire/": {"t": "Carolingian Empire", "s": "Frankish empire that revived the Roman imperial title in the West."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/pannonian-avars/": {"t": "Pannonian Avars", "s": "Eurasian nomads who ruled the Carpathian Basin for centuries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/pannonian-avars.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pannonian Avars · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/saxons/": {"t": "Saxons", "s": "Germanic people of early medieval Old Saxony, conquered by Charlemagne."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/calabria/": {"t": "Calabria", "s": "Southern Italian region with Greek roots and linguistic diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/alcuin/": {"t": "Alcuin", "s": "Anglo-Saxon scholar and teacher who shaped the Carolingian Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/manuel-i-komnenos/": {"t": "Manuel I Komnenos", "s": "The last flowering of the Komnenian restoration"}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/irene-doukaina/": {"t": "Irene Doukaina", "s": "Byzantine empress, mother of John II Komnenos and Anna Komnene."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/coloman-king-of-hungary/": {"t": "Coloman, King of Hungary", "s": "King of Hungary and Croatia, known for legal reforms and crusader management.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/coloman-king-of-hungary.webp", "c": "Cmcmcm1 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/irene-asanina/": {"t": "Irene Asanina", "s": "Empress consort who commanded garrisons and organized defenses."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/canon-law/": {"t": "Canon law", "s": "The internal legal system governing Christian churches, with roots in ancient church councils."}, "https://codexery.com/orestes/e/orestes/orestias/": {"t": "Orestias", "s": "Ancient Thracian settlement refounded as Adrianople by Hadrian."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/helena-lekapene/": {"t": "Helena Lekapene", "s": "Empress consort, political adviser, and de facto co-regent."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-black-death/": {"t": "The Black Death", "s": "The deadliest pandemic in recorded history, the Black Death reshaped Europe and the Middle East.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/img/great-collapses/the-black-death.webp", "c": "Jakub Hałun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/b-la-iv-of-hungary/": {"t": "Béla IV of Hungary", "s": "King who rebuilt Hungary after the Mongol invasion."}, "https://codexery.com/hagia-sophia/e/hagia-sophia/sack-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Sack of Constantinople", "s": "Crusaders sacked Constantinople in 1204, ending the Fourth Crusade."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/zoe-karbonopsina/": {"t": "Zoe Karbonopsina", "s": "Fourth wife of Leo VI, mother and regent of Constantine VII."}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/the-varangian-guard/": {"t": "The Varangian Guard", "s": "Elite foreign bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors.", "i": "https://codexery.com/vikingage/img/the-viking-age/the-varangian-guard.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/normans/": {"t": "Normans", "s": "From Norse raiders to rulers of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/aphrodite/": {"t": "Aphrodite", "s": "Ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, and desire."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/hera/": {"t": "Hera", "s": "Queen of the Olympians, goddess of marriage and family."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/mythological-kidnapped-people/helen-of-troy/": {"t": "Helen of Troy", "s": "Her face launched a thousand ships toward Troy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/img/mythological-kidnapped-people/helen-of-troy.webp", "c": "Antonio Canova · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/genoa/": {"t": "Genoa", "s": "Capital of Liguria and historic maritime republic on the Gulf of Genoa."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leo-iii-the-isaurian/": {"t": "Leo III the Isaurian", "s": "Byzantine emperor who ended anarchy and banned icon veneration."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/e/ancient-and-medieval-military-leaders/maslama-ibn-abd-al-malik/": {"t": "Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik", "s": "Umayyad prince and general who besieged Constantinople and fought Byzantines and Khazars."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/incest/": {"t": "Incest", "s": "Sexual relations between close relatives, widely taboo across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire/": {"t": "Sasanian Empire", "s": "Iranian empire lasting from 224 to 651 AD.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire.webp", "c": "Original file by Ro4444, edited by me · via Wikipedia: Sasanian Empire · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/inbreeding/": {"t": "Inbreeding", "s": "Inbreeding increases homozygosity and risk of recessive genetic disorders."}, "https://codexery.com/mothers-of-emperors/e/mothers-of-emperors/eudokia-palaiologina/": {"t": "Eudokia Palaiologina", "s": "Byzantine princess and empress of Trebizond."}, "https://codexery.com/daughters-of-emperors/e/daughters-of-emperors/anna-of-hohenstaufen/": {"t": "Anna of Hohenstaufen", "s": "Daughter of Frederick II, Empress of Nicaea."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/irene-of-athens/": {"t": "Irene of Athens", "s": "First woman to rule the Byzantine Empire in her own right."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/krum/": {"t": "Krum", "s": "Khan of First Bulgarian Empire, doubled territory, defeated Byzantine emperors."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/e/revolutionaries-and-insurgent-leaders/thomas-the-slav/": {"t": "Thomas the Slav", "s": "Byzantine commander who led a massive revolt against Emperor Michael II."}, "https://codexery.com/rebels-from-the-abbasid-caliphate/e/rebels-from-the-abbasid-caliphate/theophobos/": {"t": "Theophobos", "s": "Khurramite commander who became a Byzantine general and rebel."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/iconoclasm/": {"t": "Iconoclasm", "s": "The belief in the importance of destroying icons and images, often for religious or political reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/basil-i/": {"t": "Basil I", "s": "Byzantine emperor who founded the Macedonian dynasty and reformed law.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/basil-i.webp", "c": "Unknown, 13th-century author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/cistern/": {"t": "Cistern", "s": "Waterproof receptacle for storing liquids, especially rainwater."}, "https://codexery.com/hagia-sophia/e/hagia-sophia/council-of-constantinople-843/": {"t": "Council of Constantinople (843)", "s": "Local council that restored icon veneration in the Byzantine Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/corfu/": {"t": "Corfu", "s": "Northernmost Ionian island, ancient naval power, Venetian fortress."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/e/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/chersonesus/": {"t": "Chersonesus", "s": "Ancient Greek colony on the Crimean Peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-azov/": {"t": "Sea of Azov", "s": "The shallowest sea in the world, rich in fish and history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-azov.webp", "c": "Канопус Киля · via Wikipedia: Sea of Azov · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/spices/e/profiles/basil/": {"t": "Basil", "s": "A tender culinary herb of the mint family, used worldwide."}, "/e/mothers-of-byzantine-emperors/prokopia/": {"t": "Prokopia", "s": "Empress consort who dominated the court during her husband's brief reign."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/bihar/": {"t": "Bihar", "s": "Land of ancient Buddhist monasteries and the birthplace of empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/bihar.webp", "c": "Nirinsanity · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkic-languages/": {"t": "Turkic languages", "s": "The Turkic languages form a family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast stretch of Eurasia—from Southeastern and Eastern Euro"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism/": {"t": "Baptism", "s": "Christian rite of initiation using water, with varied modes and meanings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism.webp", "c": "Confidence24 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/procopius/": {"t": "Procopius", "s": "Principal historian of the 6th century, chronicler of Justinian's wars and scandals."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edward-gibbon/": {"t": "Edward Gibbon", "s": "Historian of Rome's Decline"}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/the-history-of-the-decline-and-fall-of-the-roman-empire/": {"t": "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", "s": "A six-volume Enlightenment history of Rome's decline."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages/": {"t": "Slavic languages", "s": "The Slavic languages are a major branch of the Indo-European family, spoken by over 315 million people across Eastern and Central Europe and beyond.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/img/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages.webp", "c": "CrazyPhunk · via Wikipedia: Slavic languages · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/goddess/": {"t": "Goddess", "s": "Female deity venerated across many cultures and faiths."}}