{"https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/south-american-cities/e/south-american-cities/cayenne/": {"t": "Cayenne", "s": "Work brings wealth"}, "/e/miscellaneous/guadeloupe/": {"t": "Guadeloupe", "s": "A French Caribbean archipelago of volcanic islands and Creole culture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/guadeloupe.webp", "c": "Enrevseluj · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france/": {"t": "Metropolitan France", "s": "European portion of France, including mainland and Corsica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Metropolitan France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/national-park/": {"t": "National park", "s": "Preserving wild nature for posterity and national pride."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/euro/": {"t": "Euro", "s": "Official currency of 21 EU states and second-most traded globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/img/finance-and-investment/euro.webp", "c": "The RedBurn · via Wikipedia: Euro · ECB decisions ECB/2003/4 and ECB/2003/5"}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-france/e/space-program-of-france/guiana-space-centre/": {"t": "Guiana Space Centre", "s": "European spaceport in South America near the equator."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/amap/": {"t": "Amapá", "s": "Brazilian state with vast Amazon rainforest and rich mineral deposits."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/guiana-shield/": {"t": "Guiana Shield", "s": "Ancient Precambrian shield with tepuis and rich biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/guiana-shield.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Guiana Shield · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade/": {"t": "Atlantic slave trade", "s": "Transatlantic transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade.webp", "c": "Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "French colonial empire", "s": "Overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandates under French rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire.webp", "c": "M. G. Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples-of-the-americas/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "s": "Native peoples of the Americas with diverse cultures and languages."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/antigua-and-barbuda/": {"t": "Antigua and Barbuda", "s": "Antigua and Barbuda is an archipelagic country in the Caribbean, composed of Antigua, Barbuda, and dozens of other small islands."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/christopher-columbus/": {"t": "Christopher Columbus", "s": "Italian explorer who opened the Americas to European colonization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/christopher-columbus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/kalinago/": {"t": "Kalinago", "s": "Indigenous people of the Lesser Antilles, historically known as Island Caribs."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier/": {"t": "Georges Cuvier", "s": "Founding father of paleontology who helped establish extinction as a scientific concept.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/img/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier.webp", "c": "Georges Cuvier · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war/": {"t": "Seven Years' War", "s": "Global war that reshaped European and colonial power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war.webp", "c": "Blaue Max · via Wikipedia: Seven Years' War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/cocoa-bean/": {"t": "Cocoa bean", "s": "The dried and fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, source of chocolate and cocoa products."}, "https://codexery.com/literature-and-writers/e/literature-and-writers/victor-hugues/": {"t": "Victor Hugues", "s": "French colonial administrator who governed Guadeloupe from 1794 to 1798."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/slavery/": {"t": "Slavery", "s": "Slavery is the ownership of a person as property."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/late-middle-ages/": {"t": "Late Middle Ages", "s": "Crisis and transformation in 14th–15th century Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/theocracy/": {"t": "Theocracy", "s": "Government by divine guidance or religious officials."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/northern-crusades/": {"t": "Northern Crusades", "s": "Military campaigns to Christianize the pagan peoples of the Baltic shores."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/casimir-iv-jagiellon/": {"t": "Casimir IV Jagiellon", "s": "Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frederick-william-i-of-prussia/": {"t": "Frederick William I of Prussia", "s": "The Soldier King who forged Prussia's military might."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/pomerania/": {"t": "Pomerania", "s": "A historical Baltic region split between Poland and Germany, known for its coastal lowlands, lakes, and islands."}, "https://codexery.com/mythographers/e/mythographers/august-von-haxthausen/": {"t": "August von Haxthausen", "s": "German scholar who studied Russian rural institutions after an 1843 journey."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/river-thames/": {"t": "River Thames", "s": "Longest river entirely in England, flowing through London."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/rail-transport/": {"t": "Rail transport", "s": "Wheeled vehicles on steel rails for efficient land transport."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/public-transport/": {"t": "Public transport", "s": "Shared mobility for the general public, operating on fixed routes and schedules."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/home-and-furniture/e/home-and-furniture/apartment/": {"t": "Apartment", "s": "Self-contained housing unit within a larger building."}, "/e/miscellaneous/belt-mechanical/": {"t": "Belt (mechanical)", "s": "A loop of flexible material linking rotating shafts for power transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/mercury-element/": {"t": "Mercury (element)", "s": "A heavy, silvery liquid metal with unique physical properties and high toxicity."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/aphrodite/": {"t": "Aphrodite", "s": "Ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, and desire."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-library-of-alexandria/": {"t": "The Library of Alexandria", "s": "Ancient world's largest library, center of Hellenistic learning."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulics/": {"t": "Hydraulics", "s": "Technology using pressurized liquids for power and control."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/mechanics/": {"t": "Mechanics", "s": "Physics of force, matter, and motion among objects."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/aeolipile/": {"t": "Aeolipile", "s": "First recorded reaction device, a curiosity of ancient engineering."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-antikythera-mechanism/": {"t": "The Antikythera Mechanism", "s": "The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek hand-powered orrery, the oldest known analogue computer, used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/analog-computer/": {"t": "Analog computer", "s": "Analog computers model problems using physical analogies."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/archimedes/": {"t": "Archimedes", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor of Syracuse."}, "https://codexery.com/jewish-folklore/e/jewish-folklore/jewish-folklore/": {"t": "Jewish folklore", "s": "Jewish folklore includes legends, proverbs, and tales of the supernatural.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jewish-folklore/img/jewish-folklore/jewish-folklore.webp", "c": "Dina Panayotis · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/e/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/mozi/": {"t": "Mozi", "s": "Founder of Mohism, a major Warring States school of thought."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/baghdad/": {"t": "Baghdad", "s": "Center of Learning"}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/program-machine/": {"t": "Program (machine)", "s": "Data or instructions that control a machine's behavior."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "/e/miscellaneous/electrification/": {"t": "Electrification", "s": "Electrification is powering by electricity, transforming industry and daily life."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/airplane/": {"t": "Airplane", "s": "Fixed-wing aircraft propelled by thrust, from the Wright brothers to modern jets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/airplane.webp", "c": "SamKramer123 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/machine/": {"t": "Machine", "s": "From hand axe to steam engine: the evolution of machines that transform power into motion."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/aircraft/": {"t": "Aircraft", "s": "A vehicle that flies by gaining support from the air.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/aircraft.webp", "c": "Dinkun Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/miscellaneous/automaton/": {"t": "Automaton", "s": "Self-operating machines designed to follow predetermined instructions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/automaton.webp", "c": "National Museum of American History · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/ford-motor-company/": {"t": "Ford Motor Company", "s": "American automaker that pioneered mass production via assembly lines.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/ford-motor-company.webp", "c": "42-BRT · via Wikipedia: Ford Motor Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/christiaan-huygens/": {"t": "Christiaan Huygens", "s": "Dutch polymath who advanced optics, mechanics, and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/james-watt/": {"t": "James Watt", "s": "Scottish inventor who improved the steam engine with a separate condenser, powering the Industrial Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/james-watt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: James Watt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-processing/": {"t": "Signal processing", "s": "Subfield of electrical engineering for analyzing and modifying signals."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/telefunken/": {"t": "Telefunken", "s": "German electronics pioneer from radio to television and computing."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/siemens/": {"t": "Siemens", "s": "European engineering giant with roots in telegraphy and industrial automation."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/philips/": {"t": "Philips", "s": "Dutch health technology firm, former electronics and lighting giant."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-hardware/": {"t": "Computer hardware", "s": "Physical parts of a computer directed by software."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/navigation/": {"t": "Navigation", "s": "The art and science of directing movement from one place to another."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/personal-computer/": {"t": "Personal computer", "s": "The definitive guide to personal computers, from early microcomputers to modern Wintel dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-philosophy/e/nonfiction-and-philosophy/a-dictionary-of-the-english-language/": {"t": "A Dictionary of the English Language", "s": "A landmark dictionary of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/scottish-folklore/e/scottish-folklore/beltane/": {"t": "Beltane", "s": "Gaelic May Day festival marking the beginning of summer."}, "https://codexery.com/bbq/e/barbecue-and-grilling/barbecue/": {"t": "Barbecue", "s": "Cooking method using live fire and smoke, with regional variations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bbq/img/barbecue-and-grilling/barbecue.webp", "c": "vxla from Chicago, US · via Wikipedia: Barbecue · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/assam/": {"t": "Assam", "s": "The land of the Brahmaputra, tea, and one-horned rhinos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/assam.webp", "c": "Medhi jyoti · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/andhra-pradesh/": {"t": "Andhra Pradesh", "s": "The coastal gem of southern India, rich in history, culture, and natural resources.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/andhra-pradesh.webp", "c": "456legend · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/ravana/": {"t": "Ravana", "s": "Ten-headed rakshasa king and principal antagonist of the Ramayana."}, "https://codexery.com/daityas/e/daityas/holika/": {"t": "Holika", "s": "Asuri sister of Hiranyakashipu, burned in the pyre meant for Prahlada."}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/nowruz/": {"t": "Nowruz", "s": "Nowruz is the Iranian New Year, rooted in Zoroastrianism and spring equinox.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/img/public-holidays-and-observances/nowruz.webp", "c": "U.S. Department of State · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/samhain/": {"t": "Samhain", "s": "Gaelic festival marking the end of harvest and start of winter."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/northern-ireland/": {"t": "Northern Ireland", "s": "The main public broadcaster in Northern Ireland, part of the BBC national regions."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/guy-fawkes/": {"t": "Guy Fawkes", "s": "English Catholic conspirator in the failed Gunpowder Plot."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/john-smith-explorer/": {"t": "John Smith (explorer)", "s": "English soldier and explorer who helped establish Jamestown."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/pharaoh/": {"t": "Pharaoh", "s": "Monarch of ancient Egypt, intermediary between gods and people."}, "https://codexery.com/pharaohs-of-egypt/e/pharaohs-of-egypt/khufu/": {"t": "Khufu", "s": "Second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, builder of the Great Pyramid."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/concrete/": {"t": "Concrete", "s": "Second-most-used substance after water; most-manufactured material worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/french-language/": {"t": "French language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, descended from Vulgar Latin and shaped by Celtic and Frankish influences."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/stone-age/": {"t": "Stone Age", "s": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/vitruvius/": {"t": "Vitruvius", "s": "Roman architect and engineer, author of De architectura"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/ancient-histories-and-epics/de-architectura/": {"t": "De architectura", "s": "Only surviving architectural treatise from antiquity, foundational for classical architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/screw/": {"t": "Screw", "s": "A helical threaded fastener, one of the six classical simple machines, used to hold objects together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/screw.webp", "c": "Tknbeez · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/portland-cement/": {"t": "Portland cement", "s": "A hydraulic cement made from heated limestone and clay."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/scaffolding/": {"t": "Scaffolding", "s": "Temporary structures that support work crews and materials at height.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/scaffolding.webp", "c": "Neil Owen · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/engineered-wood/": {"t": "Engineered wood", "s": "Engineered wood products 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"https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/semiconductor/": {"t": "Semiconductor", "s": "Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-battery/": {"t": "Electric battery", "s": "Device converting chemical energy to electrical power via cells."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/candle/": {"t": "Candle", "s": "Ancient source of light, now used for symbolism and ambiance."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/oil-lamp/": {"t": "Oil lamp", "s": "Ancient lighting device using liquid fuel and a wick."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-inventors/e/battery-inventors/alessandro-volta/": {"t": "Alessandro Volta", "s": "Italian physicist who invented the electric battery and discovered methane."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-types/e/battery-types/voltaic-pile/": {"t": "Voltaic pile", "s": "The first battery to provide continuous electric current."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/incandescent-light-bulb/": {"t": "Incandescent light bulb", "s": "The incandescent light bulb: a heated filament in a vacuum or inert gas, producing light by incandescence."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/thomas-edison/": {"t": "Thomas Edison", "s": "The Wizard of Menlo Park who lit up the world", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/thomas-edison.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Thomas Edison · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/e/inventors-and-engineers/shuji-nakamura/": {"t": "Shuji Nakamura", "s": "Co-inventor of the blue LED and Nobel laureate in physics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/img/inventors-and-engineers/shuji-nakamura.webp", "c": "Glenn Beltz · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tungsten/": {"t": "Tungsten", "s": "The 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"s": "Storing energy by pumping water uphill for later power generation."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-types/e/battery-types/lithium-ion-battery/": {"t": "Lithium-ion battery", "s": "Rechargeable battery using lithium-ion intercalation for energy storage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battery-types/img/battery-types/lithium-ion-battery.webp", "c": "RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/electroplating/": {"t": "Electroplating", "s": "Italian chemist invented electroplating in 1805 using Volta's pile."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/electrical-telegraph/": {"t": "Electrical telegraph", "s": "First electrical telecommunications system, used from the 1840s."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/nanotechnology/": {"t": "Nanotechnology", "s": "Manipulating matter at the nanoscale for new materials and devices."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/dvd/": {"t": "DVD", "s": "Digital optical disc format that replaced VHS for home video."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/compact-disc/": {"t": "Compact disc", "s": "Digital optical disc co-developed by Philips and Sony for audio and data."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/good-and-evil/": {"t": "Good and evil", "s": "A fundamental dichotomy in moral and ethical thought."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/environmental-ethics/": {"t": "Environmental ethics", "s": "Field reconstructing arguments for protecting natural entities and sustainable resource use."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/unemployment/": {"t": "Unemployment", "s": "Unemployment is the state of being without work while seeking it."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-science/": {"t": "Computer science", "s": "Study of computation, information, and automation spanning theory to application."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist/": {"t": "John McCarthy (computer scientist)", "s": "Founding father of artificial intelligence and creator of Lisp.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/img/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John McCarthy (computer scientist) · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rare-diseases/e/rare-diseases/adenosine-deaminase-deficiency/": {"t": "Adenosine deaminase deficiency", "s": "A metabolic disorder causing severe combined immunodeficiency."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving 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"https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/transport/": {"t": "Transport", "s": "Transport moves people, animals, and goods between locations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/transport.webp", "c": "AyFortune · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/wind-power/": {"t": "Wind power", "s": "Wind power converts wind energy into electricity via turbines."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/hydrocarbon/": {"t": "Hydrocarbon", "s": "Organic compounds of hydrogen and carbon, key to global energy."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petroleum/": {"t": "Petroleum", "s": "A fossil fuel central to modern industry and climate change."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/nuclear-fission/": {"t": "Nuclear fission", "s": "Nuclear fission splits atomic nuclei, releasing vast energy."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/chernobyl/e/events/chernobyl-disaster/": {"t": "Chernobyl Disaster", "s": "The explosion of reactor 4 on 26 April 1986 and what followed."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydropower/": {"t": "Hydropower", "s": "Hydropower uses falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or power machines."}, "/e/miscellaneous/electricity-market/": {"t": "Electricity market", "s": "System for buying and selling electricity through an electrical grid."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/three-gorges-dam/": {"t": "Three Gorges Dam", "s": "World's largest power station by installed capacity (22,500 MW).", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/three-gorges-dam.webp", "c": "NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Space Systems, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/solid/": {"t": "Solid", "s": "A state of matter with tightly bound atoms and structural rigidity."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/sustainability/": {"t": "Sustainability", "s": "Ability to continue over a long period of time."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/state-university-of-new-york/": {"t": "State University of New York", "s": "It comprises all New York state-supported institutions of higher education apart from the City University of New York (CUNY), and includes four contracted colle", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/state-university-of-new-york.webp", "c": "New York State Archives: https://digitalcollections.archives.nysed.gov/index.php · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/plant-biology/photosynthesis/": {"t": "Photosynthesis", "s": "The process by which plants and other organisms convert light into chemical energy."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/cogeneration/": {"t": "Cogeneration", "s": "Simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/cogeneration.webp", "c": "Gregg Tavares · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil-fertility/": {"t": "Soil fertility", "s": "Soil fertility is the capacity to support plant growth and yield."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/maya-civilization/": {"t": "Maya civilization", "s": "Ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its temples, glyphs, and advanced mathematics."}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/human-development-index/": {"t": "Human Development Index", "s": "Composite index measuring life expectancy, education, and income per capita."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/road/": {"t": "Road", "s": "A thoroughfare for traffic, distinct from streets and stroads."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/military-engineering/": {"t": "Military engineering", "s": "Military engineering shapes the physical operating environment for armed forces."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/motte-and-bailey-castle/": {"t": "Motte-and-bailey castle", "s": "A medieval fortification of mound and courtyard, built with unskilled labour."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/contour-line/": {"t": "Contour line", "s": "Lines joining points of equal value on maps and graphs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/contour-line.webp", "c": "Richard West · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/dormancy/": {"t": "Dormancy", "s": "A survival strategy minimizing metabolic activity during harsh conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation/": {"t": "Thermoregulation", "s": "Organisms maintain body temperature within boundaries via homeostasis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation.webp", "c": "OpenStax College · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/extant-reptiles-amphibians/e/extant-reptiles-and-amphibians/monitor-lizard/": {"t": "Monitor lizard", "s": "Large, intelligent lizards with venom and high metabolism."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-dividing-range/": {"t": "Great Dividing Range", "s": "Australia's longest mountain chain and primary eastern 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"https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/img/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/cascade-range.webp", "c": "Dllu · via Wikipedia: Cascade Range · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/predation/": {"t": "Predation", "s": "Predators kill and eat other organisms, driving evolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/predation.webp", "c": "InsektenDoku · CC BY-SA 4.0"}}