Crusher
Machine that reduces large rocks into smaller pieces for industry.
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They apply mechanical force through compression, impact, or attrition within a crushing chamber.[1] Mining operations classify crushers by the degree of fragmentation they achieve, from primary to quaternary stages.[2]
Quick Facts
- Field
- Industrial machinery
- Earliest form
- Hand-held stones used against a stone anvil
- Common types
- Primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- and quaternary crushers
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
Before explosives became widespread in the mid-nineteenth century, ore crushing was done by hand and hammers or by water-powered trip hammers.[3] The earliest mechanical crushers appeared in foundries, and coal breakers fueled industrial growth from the early 1600s into the 1970s.[3] In 1611, a consortium led by Edward Zouch was granted a patent for the reverberatory furnace using coal instead of wood.[4] By 1615, Sir Robert Mansell had James I issue a proclamation forbidding wood use in glass production, giving Mansell's coal holdings a monopoly.[5]
By 1822, Darby's ability to cast large iron cylinders reduced their cost by nine-tenths compared to brass.[6] Early prototypes of mechanical crushers influenced the compression and impact principles used in modern jaw crushers and VSI impactors.[1] The gyratory crusher introduced continuous crushing via a rotating eccentric shaft and concave bowl liner.[1] Mobile crushers now allow contractors to process material on-site, eliminating trucking costs.[1]
What the cited sources add
The "Types of Crushers: What You Need to Know" article states that crushers form the heart of modern crushing plants, converting raw feed into aggregate for construction, mining, and recycling.[1] Run-of-mine materials are brought directly from blasting projects and crushed in a primary crusher for the first reduction.[1] Secondary crushers take material from 13 inches down to 4 inches or smaller.[1] Impact crushers use high-speed rotors to hurl material against impact plates.[1]
Roll crushers employ shear and compression together, ideal for medium-hard materials or when a precise top size is required.[1] Compression crushers like jaw, cone, and gyratory models excel at handling hard, abrasive materials with minimal fines generation.[1] Crusher machines range from small jaw crushers costing as much as a new truck to extra large cone crushers costing millions of dollars.[1]
References
- "Types of Crushers: What You Need to Know". facts only, no text reused. machinerypartner.com
- Wikipedia, "Crusher" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Types of Crushers: What You Need to Know" (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Crusher" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: James, "Connections, UK ed. "Connections: Alternative History of Technology" (Time Warner International/Macmillan 1978)", Little, Brown and Company (North America) / Macmillan, London, 1978, p. 304; Burke, James, "Connections", page 167 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Crusher" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Burke, James, "Connections", page 167; James, "Connections, UK ed. "Connections: Alternative History of Technology" (Time Warner International/Macmillan 1978)", Little, Brown and Company (North America) / Macmillan, London, 1978, p. 304; Burke, James, "Connections", page 168 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Crusher" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Burke, James, "Connections", page 168 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Crusher" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Burke, James, "Connections", page 170; Burke, James, "Connections", page 170; Clark, "Works of Man: History of Invention and Engineering, From the Pyramids to the Space Shuttle", Viking Penguin, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A., (1985), 1985, p. 352 (indexed) (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Crusher (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Crusher (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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