{"https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/association-football/": {"t": "Association football", "s": "Association football, also called football or soccer, is a team sport where two sides of 11 players each use their feet to move an inflated ball across a pitch."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/temperate-climate/": {"t": "Temperate climate", "s": "Middle-latitude climates with distinct seasons and moderate temperatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/temperate-climate.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/olive/": {"t": "Olive", "s": "A symbol of peace and a cornerstone of Mediterranean culture, the olive tree has been cultivated for thousands of years."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/tree-species/juniper/": {"t": "Juniper", "s": "Coniferous trees and shrubs with berrylike cones used in gin."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/phrygia/": {"t": "Phrygia", "s": "Ancient Anatolian kingdom of legendary kings and the Gordian Knot."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "Achaemenid Empire", "s": "The largest empire of its time, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/persians/": {"t": "Persians", "s": "An Iranian ethnic group indigenous to the Iranian plateau, native speakers of Persian, and founders of ancient empires."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/justinian-i/": {"t": "Justinian I", "s": "Roman emperor who codified Roman law and reconquered lost territories."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/absolute-monarchy/": {"t": "Absolute monarchy", "s": "Sovereign power unchecked by constitution or legislature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/absolute-monarchy.webp", "c": "Nicolai Abildgaard · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/dubai/": {"t": "Dubai", "s": "City of trade, tourism, and towering skylines on the Persian Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/abu-dhabi/": {"t": "Abu Dhabi", "s": "Capital of the UAE, centre of politics and industry, and a major culture and commerce centre.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/abu-dhabi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Abu Dhabi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-peninsula/": {"t": "Malay Peninsula", "s": "Southernmost point of mainland Asia, rich in history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Malay Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/penang/": {"t": "Penang", "s": "Malaysian state, leading exporter, densely populated, culturally diverse."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/fruits-and-vegetables/e/fruits-and-vegetables/mango/": {"t": "Mango", "s": "A tropical stone fruit with ancient cultivation and global significance."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-crystals/e/minerals-and-crystals/calcite/": {"t": "Calcite", "s": "A common carbonate mineral and stable polymorph of calcium carbonate."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wet-season/": {"t": "Wet season", "s": "The time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs, lasting at least one month."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/hokkien/": {"t": "Hokkien", "s": "A major Southern Min Chinese variety with global diaspora influence."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tamils/": {"t": "Tamils", "s": "Dravidian ethnic group with over two millennia of written history."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/tamil-language/": {"t": "Tamil language", "s": "Tamil (தமிழ், Tamiḻ) is a Dravidian language native to the Tamil people, primarily spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherr"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/islamic-world/": {"t": "Islamic world", "s": "Global community of those adhering to Islam."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/tigris/": {"t": "Tigris", "s": "Eastern great river of Mesopotamia, flowing through history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/tigris.webp", "c": "Hamza Al Mosuly · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/baghdad/": {"t": "Baghdad", "s": "Center of Learning"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/feudalism/": {"t": "Feudalism", "s": "A system of land-for-service obligations in medieval Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/iran-iraq-war/": {"t": "Iran–Iraq War", "s": "Deadliest conventional war between developing countries."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/basra/": {"t": "Basra", "s": "Ancient port city, hub of trade and conflict in southern Iraq."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mosul/": {"t": "Mosul", "s": "Major northern Iraqi city on the Tigris, near ancient Nineveh."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/provinces-of-iran/mazandaran-province/": {"t": "Mazandaran province", "s": "Iranian province on the Caspian Sea with rich history and natural resources."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/textiles-in-folklore/e/textiles-in-folklore/tahmuras/": {"t": "Tahmuras", "s": "Third Pishdadian shah who subdued demons and invented wool weaving."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire/": {"t": "Sasanian Empire", "s": "Iranian empire lasting from 224 to 651 AD.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire.webp", "c": "Original file by Ro4444, edited by me · via Wikipedia: Sasanian Empire · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/ilkhanate/": {"t": "Ilkhanate", "s": "Mongol khanate ruling Iran and West Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/ilkhanate.webp", "c": "Ali Zifan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/medes/": {"t": "Medes", "s": "Iron Age Iranian people of Media, known from foreign sources and archaeology."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/herodotus/": {"t": "Herodotus", "s": "The Father of History"}, "https://codexery.com/military-history-battles/e/military-history-and-battles/battle-of-thermopylae/": {"t": "Battle of Thermopylae", "s": "In 480 BC, the Battle of Thermopylae was fought between the Achaemenid Persian Empire, led by Xerxes, and an alliance of Greek city-states commanded by Sparta u"}, "https://codexery.com/military-history-battles/e/military-history-and-battles/battle-of-gaugamela/": {"t": "Battle of Gaugamela", "s": "Decisive 331 BC battle that crippled the Achaemenid Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/parthian-empire/": {"t": "Parthian Empire", "s": "The Arsacid Iranian power that ruled from 247 BC to 224 AD and stood astride the Silk Road.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/parthian-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parthian Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/food-and-cooking/fruit/": {"t": "Fruit", "s": "Seed-bearing structure of flowering plants, key to reproduction and human nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/minsk/": {"t": "Minsk", "s": "Minsk is the capital and largest city of Belarus, situated along the Svislach River and the now-underground Nyamiha River."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mogilev/": {"t": "Mogilev", "s": "City on the Dnieper, third-largest in Belarus."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/slavs/": {"t": "Slavs", "s": "Slavs: A diverse group of peoples speaking Slavic languages, with a rich history spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/stone-age/": {"t": "Stone Age", "s": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/alexander-ii-of-russia/": {"t": "Alexander II of Russia", "s": "Emperor of Russia who emancipated the serfs and pursued liberal reforms."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/ghetto/": {"t": "Ghetto", "s": "A segregated urban area under social, legal, or economic pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/babi-yar/": {"t": "Babi Yar", "s": "Ravine in Kyiv where Nazis murdered tens of thousands."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-traditions/e/buddhist-traditions/buddhist-temple/": {"t": "Buddhist temple", "s": "Places of worship in Buddhism, from viharas to pagodas, designed to inspire peace."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/pali/": {"t": "Pali", "s": "Sacred language of Theravada Buddhism and the Tipiṭaka."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/prosody-linguistics/": {"t": "Prosody (linguistics)", "s": "Study of speech elements beyond individual vowels and consonants."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/phonology/": {"t": "Phonology", "s": "Study of how languages organize sound and sign elements."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/angkor-and-the-khmer-empire/": {"t": "Angkor and the Khmer Empire", "s": "The Khmer Empire: a hydraulic civilisation centred on Angkor, lasting from 802 to 1431 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/shaivism/": {"t": "Shaivism", "s": "A major Hindu tradition revering Shiva as the supreme being."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/vaishnavism/": {"t": "Vaishnavism", "s": "One of the major Hindu denominations, centered on Vishnu as supreme."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/konbaung-dynasty/": {"t": "Konbaung dynasty", "s": "The last dynasty of Burma, from 1752 to 1885."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/irrawaddy-river/": {"t": "Irrawaddy River", "s": "Principal river of Myanmar, vital for commerce, agriculture, and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/irrawaddy-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Irrawaddy River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mandalay/": {"t": "Mandalay", "s": "Final royal capital of Burma, now Upper Myanmar's cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/yangon/": {"t": "Yangon", "s": "Myanmar's largest city and commercial heart, with a rich colonial heritage and sacred pagodas."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-cosmologies/e/religious-cosmologies/buddhist-cosmology/": {"t": "Buddhist cosmology", "s": "Buddhist cosmology describes the universe through karma and rebirth."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/urdu/": {"t": "Urdu", "s": "Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language and national lingua franca of Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/sindh/": {"t": "Sindh", "s": "Sindh is a Pakistani province, cradle of the Indus Valley Civilisation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/sindh.webp", "c": "Baba66 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-pakistan/e/national-parks-of-pakistan/lal-suhanra-national-park/": {"t": "Lal Suhanra National Park", "s": "A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with desert, forest, and wetland ecosystems."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-indus-valley-civilization/": {"t": "The Indus Valley Civilization", "s": "One of four ancient centres of the world, spanning Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/mahabharata/": {"t": "Mahabharata", "s": "Major Sanskrit epic of ancient India, revered in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/indus-river/": {"t": "Indus River", "s": "A transboundary river of Asia, rising in Tibet and flowing through Kashmir and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/indus-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Indus River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton/": {"t": "Cotton", "s": "Natural fiber from Gossypium plants, widely used in textiles."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/amritsar/": {"t": "Amritsar", "s": "Second-largest city in Punjab, holy site of Sikhism."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/wheat/": {"t": "Wheat", "s": "A staple cereal cultivated for millennia, wheat is the second most-produced grain after maize."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-middle-eastern-monarchs-strongmen/e/asian-and-middle-eastern-monarchs-and-strongmen/hassanal-bolkiah/": {"t": "Hassanal Bolkiah", "s": "Sultan of Brunei since 1967, absolute monarch and head of state.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-middle-eastern-monarchs-strongmen/img/asian-and-middle-eastern-monarchs-and-strongmen/hassanal-bolkiah.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hassanal Bolkiah · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/antonio-pigafetta/": {"t": "Antonio Pigafetta", "s": "Venetian chronicler of Magellan's circumnavigation."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/mudflat/": {"t": "Mudflat", "s": "Coastal wetlands formed by tidal sediment deposition."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/organisation-of-islamic-cooperation/": {"t": "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation", "s": "The collective voice of the Muslim world", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/img/international-and-comparative-law/organisation-of-islamic-cooperation.webp", "c": "Tahir mq · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/hinterland/": {"t": "Hinterland", "s": "The inland region economically tied to a port or city."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan/": {"t": "Ferdinand Magellan", "s": "Portuguese explorer who planned and led the first circumnavigation of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/handicraft/": {"t": "Handicraft", "s": "Handicraft is traditional hand-making of practical and aesthetic items."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/hungarian-language/": {"t": "Hungarian language", "s": "A Ugric language of the Uralic family, spoken by 14 million people."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea/": {"t": "Adriatic Sea", "s": "Northernmost arm of the Mediterranean, separating Italy from the Balkans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Adriatic Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers/": {"t": "Axis powers", "s": "Military coalition that initiated World War II against the Allies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers.webp", "c": "Sr L · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ante-paveli/": {"t": "Ante Pavelić", "s": "Founder of the Ustaše and dictator of the Independent State of Croatia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ante-paveli.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp/": {"t": "Extermination camp", "s": "Nazi camps built for systematic mass murder by gassing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/croatia/": {"t": "Croatia", "s": "A country in Central and Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea, with a rich history and a modern high-income economy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/handball/": {"t": "Handball", "s": "Fast-paced team sport where two teams of seven aim to throw a ball into the opponent's goal."}, "https://codexery.com/ajax/e/honours/uefa-europa-league/": {"t": "UEFA Europa League", "s": "The second-tier European club competition, won by 31 clubs since 1971."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/french-indochina/": {"t": "French Indochina", "s": "French-dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco/": {"t": "Art Deco", "s": "A decorative style of luxury and geometric form.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/img/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Art Deco · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pasta/e/pasta-and-noodles/rice-noodles/": {"t": "Rice noodles", "s": "Noodles made from rice flour and water, common in Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pasta/img/pasta-and-noodles/rice-noodles.webp", "c": "Popo le Chien · via Wikipedia: Rice noodles · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/thai-cuisine/e/thai-cuisine/jasmine-rice/": {"t": "Jasmine rice", "s": "A fragrant long-grain rice prized for its aroma and texture."}, "https://codexery.com/streetfood/e/street-food/street-food/": {"t": "Street food", "s": "Street food: a global tradition of quick, affordable eats from carts and stalls."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/bangkok/": {"t": "Bangkok", "s": "City of Angels"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/georgia-country/": {"t": "Georgia (country)", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, with ancient winemaking traditions and a pro-Western trajectory."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/caucasus-mountains/": {"t": "Caucasus Mountains", "s": "Mountain range at the Asia-Europe border, home to Europe's highest peak."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/shipbuilding/": {"t": "Shipbuilding", "s": "The construction of ships and other floating vessels, from ancient rafts to modern steel vessels.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/shipbuilding.webp", "c": "Fengyun Shi/ FBI · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hadrian/": {"t": "Hadrian", "s": "Roman emperor from 117 to 138, builder of Hadrian's Wall and a promoter of philhellenism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/caliphate/": {"t": "Caliphate", "s": "Islamic political-religious institution led by a caliph.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/caliphate.webp", "c": "أبو العباس · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-burgundy/": {"t": "Duchy of Burgundy", "s": "A medieval duchy of the Kingdom of France, ruled by dukes from 918, later a core of the Burgundian State."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/russo-turkish-war-1877-1878/": {"t": "Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)", "s": "War that freed Balkan states and shifted Black Sea power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/russo-turkish-war-1877-1878.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/nepali-language/": {"t": "Nepali language", "s": "Official language of Nepal and lingua franca of the Himalayan region."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/bah-faith/": {"t": "Baháʼí Faith", "s": "Concept in the Baháʼí Faith referring to prophets as perfect mirrors of God's attributes."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/sikhism/": {"t": "Sikhism", "s": "Indian monotheistic religion founded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/northeast-india/": {"t": "Northeast India", "s": "Easternmost region of India, strategic and linguistically diverse."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/bihar/": {"t": "Bihar", "s": "Land of ancient Buddhist monasteries and the birthplace of empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/bihar.webp", "c": "Nirinsanity · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hindi/": {"t": "Hindi", "s": "Official language of India and lingua franca of northern India."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/dalit/": {"t": "Dalit", "s": "Term for untouchables and outcasts in the Indian subcontinent."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/punjabis/": {"t": "Punjabis", "s": "Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group from the Punjab region."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/metropolitan-area/": {"t": "Metropolitan area", "s": "A region of dense urban core and integrated surrounding territories."}, "/e/miscellaneous-cities/biratnagar/": {"t": "Biratnagar", "s": "Industrial capital of Nepal and gateway to eastern Nepal."}, "/e/miscellaneous-cities/bharatpur-nepal/": {"t": "Bharatpur, Nepal", "s": "Fast-growing metropolitan city on the Narayani River and headquarters of Chitwan District.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/img/miscellaneous-cities/bharatpur-nepal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bharatpur, Nepal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/lalitpur-nepal/": {"t": "Lalitpur, Nepal", "s": "City of arts, heritage, and living traditions in the Kathmandu Valley."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/punjabi-language/": {"t": "Punjabi language", "s": "Punjabi, also spelled Panjabi, belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and originates in the Punjab region, which spans parts of Pakistan and India."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/taksin/": {"t": "Taksin", "s": "Thai Chinese general who liberated Siam and founded Thonburi.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/taksin.webp", "c": "Tmd · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/e/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/freshwater-aquarium-algae/": {"t": "Freshwater aquarium algae", "s": "Algae in aquaria are both nuisance and bioindicator."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/thai-language/": {"t": "Thai language", "s": "Thai is the sole official language of Thailand."}, "https://codexery.com/tropical-medicine-organizations/e/tropical-medicine-organizations/bangkok-school-of-tropical-medicine/": {"t": "Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine", "s": "Postgraduate tropical medicine programs in the tropics."}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-organization/": {"t": "World Health Organization", "s": "UN agency coordinating global health responses and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-thailand/e/national-parks-of-thailand/doi-suthep-pui-national-park/": {"t": "Doi Suthep–Pui National Park", "s": "Mountain park with temple, palace, and diverse forests."}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/taiwan-under-qing-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Qing rule", "s": "Qing Taiwan: from annexation to cession in 212 years."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/taiwan-under-japanese-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Japanese rule", "s": "The period of Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895 after the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, following Japan"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution/": {"t": "1911 Revolution", "s": "The uprising that ended millennia of imperial rule in China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1911 Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/african-and-asian-leaders/e/african-and-asian-leaders/koxinga/": {"t": "Koxinga", "s": "Southern Ming general who expelled the Dutch from Taiwan."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/tropic-of-cancer/": {"t": "Tropic of Cancer", "s": "The northernmost circle where the Sun stands directly overhead."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/tropical-climate/": {"t": "Tropical climate", "s": "A hot, humid climate group with two seasons and small temperature ranges.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/tropical-climate.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-empire/e/portuguese-empire/portuguese-maritime-exploration/": {"t": "Portuguese maritime exploration", "s": "Portuguese sailors pioneered global sea routes in the Age of Discovery."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/sinhala-language/": {"t": "Sinhala language", "s": "An Indo-Aryan language of Sri Lanka with a rich history and diglossic structure."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ibn-battuta/": {"t": "Ibn Battuta", "s": "The greatest traveller of the pre-modern world, whose journeys spanned Africa, Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ibn-battuta.webp", "c": "Léon Benett · via Wikipedia: Ibn Battuta · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/cinnamon/": {"t": "Cinnamon", "s": "A spice from the inner bark of Cinnamomum trees, used as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/goa/": {"t": "Goa", "s": "India's smallest state by area, with a rich Portuguese heritage and vibrant biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/goa.webp", "c": "Fredericknoronha · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company/": {"t": "Dutch East India Company", "s": "Chartered trading company and pioneer of joint-stock finance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-the-british-empire/e/history-of-the-british-empire/british-overseas-territories/": {"t": "British Overseas Territories", "s": "Fourteen dependent territories under British sovereignty worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/tram/": {"t": "Tram", "s": "Urban rail transit on public streets, also known as streetcars or trolleys.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/tram.webp", "c": "Amélie Tsaag Valren · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/river-delta/": {"t": "River delta", "s": "Landform formed by sediment deposition at a river mouth."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/bribery/": {"t": "Bribery", "s": "Bribery is the corrupt exchange of favors for official action."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eastern-europe/": {"t": "Eastern Europe", "s": "A contested subregion with shifting cultural and political boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/disability/e/disability/accessibility/": {"t": "Accessibility", "s": "Designing products and environments for use by disabled people."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/portuguese-architecture/": {"t": "Portuguese architecture", "s": "Portuguese architecture blends indigenous, Roman, Moorish, and global influences."}}