{"https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/nova-scotia/": {"t": "Nova Scotia", "s": "Canada's most populous Atlantic province, rich in Mi'kmaq heritage and Scottish history."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/dummer-s-war/": {"t": "Dummer's War", "s": "A 1722–1725 conflict over colonial borders in Maine and Nova Scotia."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/king-george-s-war/": {"t": "King George's War", "s": "Third French and Indian War, marked by the capture of Louisbourg."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/george-ii-of-great-britain/": {"t": "George II of Great Britain", "s": "King of Great Britain and Ireland; last monarch to lead in battle."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/father-le-loutre-s-war/": {"t": "Father Le Loutre's War", "s": "A guerrilla war over Protestant settlement in Acadia."}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/e/british-colonization-of-the-americas/expulsion-of-the-acadians/": {"t": "Expulsion of the Acadians", "s": "British forced removal of Acadians, 1755–1764, during the French and Indian War."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/barbados/": {"t": "Barbados", "s": "The southernmost island of the Caribbean, a former British colony turned republic."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-revolutionary-wars/": {"t": "French Revolutionary Wars", "s": "The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major military conflicts sparked by the French Revolution, lasting from 1792 to 1802."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-sailing-venues/e/olympic-sailing-venues/ostend/": {"t": "Ostend", "s": "Belgian coastal city and historic harbour on the North Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/e/french-colonization-of-the-americas/saint-domingue/": {"t": "Saint-Domingue", "s": "French colony that became Haiti after a slave rebellion."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/dutch-colonial-empire/": {"t": "Dutch colonial empire", "s": "Global trading empire spanning Asia, Africa, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/reformation/": {"t": "Reformation", "s": "A 16th-century movement that challenged Catholic authority and birthed Protestantism."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/house-habsburg/": {"t": "House of Habsburg", "s": "The House of Austria, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/civilization/e/lore/age-of-discovery/": {"t": "Age of Discovery", "s": "The age of European exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/eighty-years-war/": {"t": "Eighty Years' War", "s": "The Eighty Years' War: A struggle for independence and religious freedom in the Habsburg Netherlands."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-colonization-of-the-americas/e/spanish-colonization-of-the-americas/spanish-treasure-fleet/": {"t": "Spanish treasure fleet", "s": "Convoy system linking Spain with its American colonies (1566–1790)."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/portuguese-empire/": {"t": "Portuguese Empire", "s": "The first and longest-lasting European colonial empire, spanning nearly 600 years from 1415 to 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/elizabeth-i/": {"t": "Elizabeth I", "s": "The Virgin Queen who presided over the Elizabethan era."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/spanish-empire/": {"t": "Spanish Empire", "s": "A global colonial empire spanning four centuries and multiple continents."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/sir-francis-drake/": {"t": "Sir Francis Drake", "s": "English explorer and privateer who led the second circumnavigation of the globe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/sir-francis-drake.webp", "c": "Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger · via Wikipedia: Francis Drake · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-the-spanish-empire/e/treaties-of-the-spanish-empire/treaty-of-london-1604/": {"t": "Treaty of London (1604)", "s": "Ended the Anglo-Spanish War, restoring pre-war status quo."}, "https://codexery.com/eighty-years-war/e/eighty-years-war/anglo-spanish-war-1625-1630/": {"t": "Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)", "s": "An offshoot of the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-thirty-years-war/": {"t": "The Thirty Years' War", "s": "A devastating Central European conflict driven by religion and dynastic rivalry."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-i-of-england/": {"t": "Charles I of England", "s": "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland executed after civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-europe/": {"t": "Southern Europe", "s": "Mediterranean Europe shaped by peninsulas, mountains, and ancient civilizations."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/maarten-tromp/": {"t": "Maarten Tromp", "s": "Dutch naval hero and innovative tactician of the Eighty Years' War and First Anglo-Dutch War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/maarten-tromp.webp", "c": "After Jan Lievens · via Wikipedia: Maarten Tromp · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-and-indian-war/": {"t": "French and Indian War", "s": "North American conflict between Britain and France for colonial dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/pontiac-s-war/e/pontiac-s-war/ohio-country/": {"t": "Ohio Country", "s": "Disputed colonial region west of the Appalachian Mountains and south of Lake Erie.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pontiac-s-war/img/pontiac-s-war/ohio-country.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ohio Country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/e/french-colonization-of-the-americas/canada-new-france/": {"t": "Canada (New France)", "s": "French colony in North America, ceded to Britain in 1763."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/pontiac-s-war/e/pontiac-s-war/fort-pitt-pennsylvania/": {"t": "Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)", "s": "British fort at the forks of the Ohio, site of a 1763 siege."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/quakers/": {"t": "Quakers", "s": "A historically Protestant Christian movement emphasizing direct experience of God and peace.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/quakers.webp", "c": "Kenneth C. Zirkel · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/piedmont-plateau/": {"t": "Piedmont (plateau)", "s": "Plateau region between the Atlantic Plain and Blue Ridge Mountains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/piedmont-plateau.webp", "c": "Stephen sharma at English Wikipedia · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "Southern state known for first flight and early independence call."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/tuscarora-war/": {"t": "Tuscarora War", "s": "Bloodiest colonial war in North Carolina, 1711–1715."}, "https://codexery.com/epidemics/e/epidemics/yellow-fever/": {"t": "Yellow fever", "s": "A viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted by mosquitoes."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/king-philip-s-war/": {"t": "King Philip's War", "s": "A devastating colonial war in New England, 1675–1678."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/king-william-s-war/": {"t": "King William's War", "s": "First of six colonial wars between New France and New England."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/rogers-rangers/": {"t": "Rogers' Rangers", "s": "Elite light infantry scouts of the French and Indian War."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution/": {"t": "American Revolution", "s": "Political movement that created the sovereign United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/queen-anne-s-war/": {"t": "Queen Anne's War", "s": "Second French and Indian War for North American control."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/french-and-indian-wars/": {"t": "French and Indian Wars", "s": "A series of North American conflicts (1688–1763) between Britain and France, with Indigenous allies, culminating in British victory and French territorial cessi"}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/e/british-colonization-of-the-americas/british-america/": {"t": "British America", "s": "British colonies in the Americas from the 16th century to 1783.", "i": "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/img/british-colonization-of-the-americas/british-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: British America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/european-colonization-of-the-americas/": {"t": "European colonization of the Americas", "s": "European colonization of the Americas: from Norse voyages to the establishment of settler colonial states."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/pequot-war/": {"t": "Pequot War", "s": "A 1636–1638 conflict that destroyed the Pequot nation in New England."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/yamasee-war/": {"t": "Yamasee War", "s": "A 1715–1717 conflict that nearly destroyed the South Carolina colony."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/kieft-s-war/": {"t": "Kieft's War", "s": "Early Dutch–Algonquian conflict sparked by an unauthorized massacre."}, "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/e/former-dutch-colonies/new-netherland/": {"t": "New Netherland", "s": "Dutch colony on North America's East Coast, ceded to England in 1664.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/img/former-dutch-colonies/new-netherland.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Netherland · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/e/french-colonization-of-the-americas/new-france/": {"t": "New France", "s": "French colonial territory in mainland North America, 1534–1763.", "i": "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/img/french-colonization-of-the-americas/new-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-canada/e/world-heritage-sites-in-canada/quebec-city/": {"t": "Quebec City", "s": "One of the oldest European settlements in North America, and the only fortified city north of Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war/": {"t": "Seven Years' War", "s": "Global war that reshaped European and colonial power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war.webp", "c": "Blaue Max · via Wikipedia: Seven Years' War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/east-florida/": {"t": "East Florida", "s": "British then Spanish colony, later part of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/img/former-spanish-colonies/east-florida.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: East Florida · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/e/legal-systems-and-courts/deposition-law/": {"t": "Deposition (law)", "s": "Sworn out-of-court testimony used for discovery and evidence preservation."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "Roman Londinium and medieval England's largest town."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/lord-dunmore-s-war/": {"t": "Lord Dunmore's War", "s": "A 1774 conflict over settlement south of the Ohio River."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/henry-hudson/": {"t": "Henry Hudson", "s": "English sea explorer and navigator, best known for explorations of present-day Canada and the Northeastern United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/henry-hudson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henry Hudson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/huguenots/": {"t": "Huguenots", "s": "French Protestants of the Reformed tradition, persecuted and exiled under Louis XIV."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/mystic-massacre/": {"t": "Mystic massacre", "s": "1637 attack that destroyed a Pequot fort and broke the tribe."}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut/": {"t": "Hartford, Connecticut", "s": "Hartford: The Insurance Capital of the World and America's Filing Cabinet", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hartford, Connecticut · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-administrators/e/national-park-administrators/national-park-service/": {"t": "National Park Service", "s": "Preserving natural and historic resources for public enjoyment."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/delmarva-peninsula/": {"t": "Delmarva Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula on the U.S. East Coast spanning Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/delmarva-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Delmarva Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/delaware/": {"t": "Delaware", "s": "First state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/delaware.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company/": {"t": "Dutch East India Company", "s": "Chartered trading company and pioneer of joint-stock finance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/dutch-people/": {"t": "Dutch people", "s": "Ethnic group native to the Netherlands, with global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples-of-the-americas/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "s": "Native peoples of the Americas with diverse cultures and languages."}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/factory-trading-post/": {"t": "Factory (trading post)", "s": "Medieval and early modern trading post and free-trade zone."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/colonial-war/": {"t": "Colonial war", "s": "Colonial wars were absolute conflicts for total control."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/british-colonization-of-the-americas/": {"t": "British colonization of the Americas", "s": "Colonies were established in North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, and although most eventually gained independence, some remain as "}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-hampshire/": {"t": "New Hampshire", "s": "The Granite State"}, "https://codexery.com/folklore-of-the-united-states/e/folklore-of-the-united-states/captivity-narrative/": {"t": "Captivity narrative", "s": "Personal accounts of capture by a foreign enemy, often with religious themes."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/rhode-island/": {"t": "Rhode Island", "s": "Smallest U.S. state, founded as a haven for religious liberty."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/james-ii-of-england/": {"t": "James II of England", "s": "Last Catholic monarch deposed in the Glorious Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/louisiana-new-france/": {"t": "Louisiana (New France)", "s": "Vast French territory in North America, sold to the U.S. in 1803."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico/": {"t": "Gulf of Mexico", "s": "Marginal sea of the Atlantic, bordered by the U.S., Mexico, and Cuba.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico.webp", "c": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. · via Wikipedia: Gulf of Mexico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/mary-ii/": {"t": "Mary II", "s": "Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, joint ruler with William III.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/img/monarchs-and-nobility/mary-ii.webp", "c": "Godfrey Kneller · via Wikipedia: Mary II · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/1689-boston-revolt/": {"t": "1689 Boston revolt", "s": "Popular uprising overthrew Dominion of New England governor Edmund Andros.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/1689-boston-revolt.webp", "c": "Simon Bradstreet · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/critics-of-witch-hunting/e/critics-of-witch-hunting/william-phips/": {"t": "William Phips", "s": "Treasure hunter, governor, and founder of the Salem witch trial court.", "i": "https://codexery.com/critics-of-witch-hunting/img/critics-of-witch-hunting/william-phips.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: William Phips · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/newfoundland-island/": {"t": "Newfoundland (island)", "s": "Large Canadian island, site of Norse settlement and England's oldest colony."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/isthmus-of-chignecto/": {"t": "Isthmus of Chignecto", "s": "Strategic isthmus linking Nova Scotia to mainland North America."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/schenectady-massacre/": {"t": "Schenectady massacre", "s": "French and Native raid on Schenectady, New York, in 1690."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-folklore/e/canadian-folklore/hudson-s-bay-company/": {"t": "Hudson's Bay Company", "s": "North America's oldest corporation, liquidated in 2025."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/hudson-bay/": {"t": "Hudson Bay", "s": "A vast inland marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean in northeastern Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/reformed-christianity/": {"t": "Reformed Christianity", "s": "A major branch of Protestantism emphasizing the sovereignty of God and covenant theology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/reformed-christianity.webp", "c": "Toby Hudson based on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics · CC BY-SA 3.0 au"}, "https://codexery.com/governance-of-the-british-empire/e/governance-of-the-british-empire/board-of-trade/": {"t": "Board of Trade", "s": "British government body overseeing trade and colonial affairs."}, "https://codexery.com/piracy-in-the-atlantic-ocean/e/piracy-in-the-atlantic-ocean/benjamin-fletcher/": {"t": "Benjamin Fletcher", "s": "Colonial governor removed for ties to piracy."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/bacon-s-rebellion/": {"t": "Bacon's Rebellion", "s": "Armed rebellion of Virginia settlers against colonial governor and Native American policy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/bacon-s-rebellion.webp", "c": "Glasshouse · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/gove-s-rebellion/": {"t": "Gove's Rebellion", "s": "A brief 1683 uprising against Royal Governor Edward Cranfield."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/ohio-river/": {"t": "Ohio River", "s": "Major U.S. river, historic boundary and transportation route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/ohio-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ohio River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/west-virginia/": {"t": "West Virginia", "s": "Mountain state admitted as a free state during the Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/kentucky/": {"t": "Kentucky", "s": "Landlocked Southeastern U.S. state, known for horses, bourbon, and coal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/kentucky.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pontiac-s-war/e/pontiac-s-war/royal-proclamation-of-1763/": {"t": "Royal Proclamation of 1763", "s": "1763 British decree limiting colonial expansion west of the Appalachians."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/beaver-wars/": {"t": "Beaver Wars", "s": "17th-century conflicts over fur, territory, and captives in the Great Lakes."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/daniel-boone/": {"t": "Daniel Boone", "s": "American pioneer and frontiersman who explored and settled Kentucky."}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/surveying/": {"t": "Surveying", "s": "Surveying determines positions for maps, boundaries, and construction."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/logan-s-war/": {"t": "Logan's War", "s": "A 1774 Mingo mourning war that sparked Lord Dunmore's War."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/curses/e/curses/cornstalk-shawnee-leader/": {"t": "Cornstalk (Shawnee leader)", "s": "Shawnee war chief and advocate for neutrality."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples/e/wars-involving-the-indigenous-peoples-of-north-america/cherokee-american-wars/": {"t": "Cherokee–American wars", "s": "A series of raids and battles between Cherokee and American settlers."}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/fairfield-swamp-fight/": {"t": "Fairfield Swamp Fight", "s": "Final battle of the Pequot War, ending Pequot political identity."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/world/holland-netherlands/": {"t": "Netherlands", "s": "Holland: Market Garden and 'the Island'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/thomas-paine/": {"t": "Thomas Paine", "s": "The firebrand pamphleteer who ignited revolutions on both sides of the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/common-sense/": {"t": "Common sense", "s": "A shared capacity for sound judgment, debated since Aristotle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/img/philosophical-concepts/common-sense.webp", "c": "Joyofmuseums · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/articles-of-confederation/": {"t": "Articles of Confederation", "s": "The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/vermont/": {"t": "Vermont", "s": "Second-least populated U.S. state, known for progressivism and maple syrup."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/freetown/": {"t": "Freetown", "s": "Capital and largest city of Sierra Leone, founded in 1792."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-the-british-empire/e/history-of-the-british-empire/expulsion-of-the-loyalists/": {"t": "Expulsion of the Loyalists", "s": "Loyalist refugees fled the new United States after the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-champlain/": {"t": "Lake Champlain", "s": "Large freshwater lake between New York, Vermont, and Quebec.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-champlain.webp", "c": "Department of Defense. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Ships. 9/18/1947-5/1/19 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/francis-parkman/": {"t": "Francis Parkman", "s": "Historian of the American forest and critic of women's suffrage"}, "https://codexery.com/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-m/e/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-modern-era/james-wolfe/": {"t": "James Wolfe", "s": "British officer killed while securing Quebec in 1759."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario/": {"t": "Lake Ontario", "s": "The easternmost Great Lake, outlet to the Atlantic via the Saint Lawrence River.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario.webp", "c": "Dougtone · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "/e/military-history-of-the-thirteen-colonies/leisler-s-rebellion/": {"t": "Leisler's Rebellion", "s": "A colonial uprising sparked by the Glorious Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/slavery-in-the-british-empire/e/slavery-in-the-british-empire/slavery-in-the-colonial-history-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Slavery in the colonial history of the United States", "s": "Slavery in colonial America grew from agricultural labor demands."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-folklore/e/canadian-folklore/coureur-des-bois/": {"t": "Coureur des bois", "s": "Independent French Canadian fur traders who shaped early North American commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/english-overseas-possessions/": {"t": "English overseas possessions", "s": "Before the 1707 Acts of Union united England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain, the territories and colonies taken or claimed by the English crown "}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/english-people/": {"t": "English people", "s": "An ethnic group native to England, descended from Anglo-Saxons and Britons."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/english-civil-war/": {"t": "English Civil War", "s": "King versus Parliament: a revolution that beheaded a monarchy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/english-civil-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: English Civil War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/isle-of-man/": {"t": "Isle of Man", "s": "A self-governing Crown Dependency with a distinct identity and history."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/mercantilism/": {"t": "Mercantilism", "s": "Economic policy maximizing exports and state power through trade regulation."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade/": {"t": "Atlantic slave trade", "s": "Transatlantic transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade.webp", "c": "Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/e/world-capital-cities/paramaribo/": {"t": "Paramaribo", "s": "Capital and largest city of Suriname, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/img/world-capital-cities/paramaribo.webp", "c": "Willem van de Poll · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/e/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/new-spain/": {"t": "New Spain", "s": "First viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of/img/spanish-exploration-in-the-age-of-discovery/new-spain.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Spain · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/maritime-folklore/e/maritime-folklore/buccaneer/": {"t": "Buccaneer", "s": "Caribbean privateers and pirates of the 17th–18th centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/governance-of-the-british-empire/e/governance-of-the-british-empire/crown-colony/": {"t": "Crown colony", "s": "A British territory governed directly by the Crown."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/e/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-hatteras/": {"t": "Cape Hatteras", "s": "The storm-battered bend of North Carolina's Outer Banks, off the Graveyard of the Atlantic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/img/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-hatteras.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cape Hatteras · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/governance-of-the-british-empire/e/governance-of-the-british-empire/legislative-council/": {"t": "Legislative council", "s": "A legislative body in British colonies and a U.S. joint committee."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/cabinet-government/": {"t": "Cabinet (government)", "s": "Executive body advising head of state and managing government.", "i": "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/img/government-and-public-administration/cabinet-government.webp", "c": "Neoclassicism Enthusiast · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/oliver-cromwell/": {"t": "Oliver Cromwell", "s": "Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}}