{"/e/military-history-of-corsica/corsican-conflict/": {"t": "Corsican conflict", "s": "Armed conflict between French state and Corsican nationalist groups since 1976."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/northern-ireland/": {"t": "Northern Ireland", "s": "The main public broadcaster in Northern Ireland, part of the BBC national regions."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/corsica/": {"t": "Corsica", "s": "Mediterranean island, French region with growing nationalist movement."}, "https://codexery.com/winemaking/e/winemaking/chaptalization/": {"t": "Chaptalization", "s": "Adding sugar to must to boost alcohol after fermentation."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/tyrrhenian-sea/": {"t": "Tyrrhenian Sea", "s": "Part of the Mediterranean Sea off western Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/fm-24-29-light-machine-gun/": {"t": "FM 24/29 light machine gun", "s": "French squad automatic weapon from 1925 to the 1960s."}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/aleria-standoff/": {"t": "Aleria standoff", "s": "1975 occupation that sparked the modern Corsican conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-revolutionary-wars/": {"t": "French Revolutionary Wars", "s": "The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major military conflicts sparked by the French Revolution, lasting from 1792 to 1802."}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/siege-of-san-fiorenzo/": {"t": "Siege of San Fiorenzo", "s": "British and Corsican forces capture French-held San Fiorenzo."}, "https://codexery.com/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-m/e/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-modern-era/horatio-nelson-1st-viscount-nelson/": {"t": "Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson", "s": "British admiral who secured decisive naval victories in the Napoleonic Wars."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/french-conquest-of-corsica/": {"t": "French conquest of Corsica", "s": "French expedition that annexed Corsica in 1768–1769."}, "https://codexery.com/napoli/e/culture/naples/": {"t": "Naples", "s": "Ancient Greek colony and historic capital of southern Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-etruscans/": {"t": "The Etruscans", "s": "Ancient Italian civilization of city-states with a distinct language and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/herodotus/": {"t": "Herodotus", "s": "The Father of History"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia/": {"t": "Phoenicia", "s": "Ancient Semitic maritime traders who spread the alphabet across the Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia.webp", "c": "Kordas, based on Alvaro's work · via Wikipedia: Phoenicia · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-messina/": {"t": "Strait of Messina", "s": "Narrow strait linking Sicily to mainland Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/velia/": {"t": "Velia", "s": "Ancient Greek city on the Tyrrhenian coast, home of the Eleatic philosophers."}, "https://codexery.com/military-history-battles/e/military-history-and-battles/battle-of-salamis/": {"t": "Battle of Salamis", "s": "Outnumbered Greeks defeated the Persian fleet at Salamis."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-gibraltar/": {"t": "Strait of Gibraltar", "s": "Narrow strait linking Atlantic and Mediterranean, separating Europe and Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/sicilian-wars/": {"t": "Sicilian Wars", "s": "Carthage vs. Greek city-states for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xv/": {"t": "Louis XV", "s": "King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774; second longest reign in French history."}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/invasion-of-corsica-1794/": {"t": "Invasion of Corsica (1794)", "s": "British and Corsican forces expelled the French from Corsica in 1794."}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/siege-of-bastia/": {"t": "Siege of Bastia", "s": "British and Corsican forces captured Bastia after a six-week siege."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/dysentery/": {"t": "Dysentery", "s": "A diarrheal disease causing bloody stools, often from poor sanitation."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-genoa/": {"t": "Republic of Genoa", "s": "A medieval maritime republic and major European financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/coral/": {"t": "Coral", "s": "Colonial marine animals that build tropical and deep-sea reefs."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-mental-disorders/e/people-with-mental-disorders/robert-stewart-viscount-castlereagh/": {"t": "Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh", "s": "British statesman who defeated Napoleon and suppressed Irish rebellion."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/charles-de-gaulle/": {"t": "Charles de Gaulle", "s": "French general and statesman who led Free France and founded the Fifth Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/algerian-war/": {"t": "Algerian War", "s": "Armed conflict leading to Algerian independence from France."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/algiers/": {"t": "Algiers", "s": "Capital of Algeria, historic Mediterranean port and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/french-algeria/": {"t": "French Algeria", "s": "French colony and later integral part of France until 1962.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/img/former-french-colonies/french-algeria.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Algeria · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/grenade-launchers/e/grenade-launchers/rifle-grenade/": {"t": "Rifle grenade", "s": "A rifle-launched grenade for extended range and versatility."}, "https://codexery.com/grenade-launchers/e/grenade-launchers/m79-grenade-launcher/": {"t": "M79 grenade launcher", "s": "A shoulder-fired, break-action grenade launcher from the Vietnam War era."}, "https://codexery.com/airliners/e/airliners/boeing-707/": {"t": "Boeing 707", "s": "First widespread jetliner, credited with beginning the Jet Age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/airliners/img/airliners/boeing-707.webp", "c": "JQ OFFICIAL · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/paris/": {"t": "Paris", "s": "Capetian capital on the Seine."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/miami/": {"t": "Miami", "s": "Gateway to Latin America"}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/emmanuel-macron/": {"t": "Emmanuel Macron", "s": "French president since 2017, youngest in nation's history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/emmanuel-macron.webp", "c": "The Kremlin, Moscow · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-rome/e/history-of-rome/corsican-guard/": {"t": "Corsican Guard", "s": "Papal guard of Corsican mercenaries, founded 1603, disbanded 1662.", "i": "https://codexery.com/history-of-rome/img/history-of-rome/corsican-guard.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Corsican Guard · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/spanish-empire/": {"t": "Spanish Empire", "s": "A global colonial empire spanning four centuries and multiple continents."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/holy-roman-empire/": {"t": "Holy Roman Empire", "s": "The decentralised empire of Central Europe that lasted from 800 or 962 to 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/avignon/": {"t": "Avignon", "s": "City of the Popes on the Rhône."}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/battle-of-borgo/": {"t": "Battle of Borgo", "s": "Corsican victory over French forces at Borgo in 1768."}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/battle-of-ponte-novu/": {"t": "Battle of Ponte Novu", "s": "Battle that ended the Corsican Republic and led to French annexation."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war/": {"t": "Seven Years' War", "s": "Global war that reshaped European and colonial power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war.webp", "c": "Blaue Max · via Wikipedia: Seven Years' War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-tourette-syndrome/e/people-with-tourette-syndrome/samuel-johnson/": {"t": "Samuel Johnson", "s": "English lexicographer and man of letters with Tourette syndrome."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/french-language/": {"t": "French language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, descended from Vulgar Latin and shaped by Celtic and Frankish influences."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/suffrage/": {"t": "Suffrage", "s": "The right to vote in public, political elections and referendums."}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-the-spanish-empire/e/treaties-of-the-spanish-empire/congress-of-vienna/": {"t": "Congress of Vienna", "s": "Congress reshaped Europe after Napoleon's defeat."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/suleiman-the-magnificent/": {"t": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "s": "Ottoman sultan who expanded the empire and reformed its laws."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea/": {"t": "Adriatic Sea", "s": "Northernmost arm of the Mediterranean, separating Italy from the Balkans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Adriatic Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/genoa/": {"t": "Genoa", "s": "Capital of Liguria and historic maritime republic on the Gulf of Genoa."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/attacks-on-castles-in-europe/e/attacks-on-castles-in-europe/siege-of-castelnuovo/": {"t": "Siege of Castelnuovo", "s": "A 1539 siege ending Christian hopes in the Eastern Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/hungary/": {"t": "Hungary", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich history, from the Kingdom of Hungary to EU membership."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/corfu/": {"t": "Corfu", "s": "Northernmost Ionian island, ancient naval power, Venetian fortress."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/pompey/": {"t": "Pompey", "s": "Roman general and statesman, rival of Julius Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/pompey.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · via Wikipedia: Pompey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tunis/": {"t": "Tunis", "s": "Capital of Tunisia, historic city on the Gulf of Tunis."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/balearic-islands/": {"t": "Balearic Islands", "s": "Spanish archipelago in the western Mediterranean, known for tourism and slinger history."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-sailing-venues/e/olympic-sailing-venues/gulf-of-naples/": {"t": "Gulf of Naples", "s": "Bay that hosted the 1960 Olympic sailing events."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/e/ancient-and-medieval-military-leaders/jean-parisot-de-valette/": {"t": "Jean Parisot de Valette", "s": "Hero of the Great Siege of Malta and founder of Valletta.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/img/ancient-and-medieval-military-leaders/jean-parisot-de-valette.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 2.5"}, "/e/military-history-of-corsica/siege-of-calvi/": {"t": "Siege of Calvi", "s": "British capture of the last French fortress in Corsica."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/house-habsburg/": {"t": "House of Habsburg", "s": "The House of Austria, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/henry-ii-of-france/": {"t": "Henry II of France", "s": "King of France who died from a jousting wound."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-siena/": {"t": "Republic of Siena", "s": "A medieval republic of commerce and art in Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/voltaire/": {"t": "Voltaire", "s": "French Enlightenment writer and advocate of civil liberties"}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/bayonet/": {"t": "Bayonet", "s": "A blade that turns a firearm into a spear."}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-the-spanish-empire/e/treaties-of-the-spanish-empire/second-treaty-of-san-ildefonso/": {"t": "Second Treaty of San Ildefonso", "s": "1796 alliance between Spain and France against Great Britain."}}