{"/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/phospholipid/": {"t": "Phospholipid", "s": "Amphiphilic lipids forming cell membranes and supporting brain health."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/cell-signaling/": {"t": "Cell signaling", "s": "The process by which cells communicate with each other and their environment."}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/effects-of-external-causes/hypervitaminosis-e/": {"t": "Hypervitaminosis E", "s": "Excess vitamin E from supplements may cause harm."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane/": {"t": "Cell membrane", "s": "Semipermeable lipid bilayer separating cell interior from environment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane.webp", "c": "Blackout Sea · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/nanotechnology/": {"t": "Nanotechnology", "s": "Manipulating matter at the nanoscale for new materials and devices."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/sphingolipid/": {"t": "Sphingolipid", "s": "Lipid class with sphingoid backbone, key in signaling and membrane structure."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cholesterol/": {"t": "Cholesterol", "s": "Essential animal sterol; precursor for hormones and vitamin D."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-chloride/": {"t": "Hydrogen chloride", "s": "A colorless gas forming hydrochloric acid with water."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/carboxylic-acid/": {"t": "Carboxylic acid", "s": "Polar organic acids with carboxyl group, widely occurring in nature."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/halogen/": {"t": "Halogen", "s": "Highly reactive nonmetals that form salts and acids.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry/img/chemistry/halogen.webp", "c": "Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitrogen/": {"t": "Nitrogen", "s": "Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas forming 78% of Earth's air."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/lipid/": {"t": "Lipid", "s": "Lipids are hydrophobic or amphiphilic organic compounds essential for life."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/macrophage/": {"t": "Macrophage", "s": "White blood cells that engulf pathogens and regulate immune responses."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/neutrophil/": {"t": "Neutrophil", "s": "Most abundant white blood cell, key in innate immunity."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/gram-negative-bacteria/": {"t": "Gram-negative bacteria", "s": "Bacteria with a thin cell wall and outer membrane, often antibiotic-resistant."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/escherichia-coli/": {"t": "Escherichia coli", "s": "A model bacterium central to microbiology and biotechnology."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/salmonella/": {"t": "Salmonella", "s": "A genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that includes both typhoidal and nontyphoidal serotypes causing human disease."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/polysaccharide/": {"t": "Polysaccharide", "s": "Polysaccharides are abundant carbohydrates serving storage and structural roles."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein/": {"t": "Protein", "s": "Essential biomolecules that catalyze, structure, and regulate life."}, "https://codexery.com/autoimmune-diseases/e/autoimmune-diseases/autoimmunity/": {"t": "Autoimmunity", "s": "Immune responses against the body's own healthy cells and tissues."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/obesity/": {"t": "Obesity", "s": "A medical condition of excess body fat with serious health impacts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/obesity.webp", "c": "Diabetes · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/depression-mood/": {"t": "Depression (mood)", "s": "A mental state of low mood and aversion to activity."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/cellular-senescence/": {"t": "Cellular senescence", "s": "Cellular senescence is the permanent arrest of cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/virulence-factors/e/virulence-factors/virulence-factor/": {"t": "Virulence factor", "s": "Microbial molecules enabling infection, immune evasion, and host damage."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polymer/": {"t": "Polymer", "s": "Large molecules of repeating subunits essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/sugar/": {"t": "Sugar", "s": "A class of sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates used in food."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/neisseria-meningitidis/": {"t": "Neisseria meningitidis", "s": "A Gram-negative diplococcus causing epidemic meningitis and sepsis."}, "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/e/zoonoses/clostridioides-difficile-infection/": {"t": "Clostridioides difficile infection", "s": "A bacterial infection causing diarrhea, often after antibiotic use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/img/zoonoses/clostridioides-difficile-infection.webp", "c": "Mengoli, M.; Barone, M.; Fabbrini, M.; D’Amico, F.; Brigidi, P.; Turroni, S. · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/atherosclerosis/": {"t": "Atherosclerosis", "s": "Chronic arterial disease driven by cholesterol and inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/small-intestine/": {"t": "Small intestine", "s": "The primary organ for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-biology/": {"t": "Cell (biology)", "s": "The fundamental unit of all known life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-biology.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/de-novo-synthesis/": {"t": "De novo synthesis", "s": "Building complex molecules from simple starting materials."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-diseases/e/cardiovascular-diseases/apolipoprotein-e/": {"t": "Apolipoprotein E", "s": "Apolipoprotein E transports lipids and influences Alzheimer's and cardiovascular risk."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/endocytosis/": {"t": "Endocytosis", "s": "Cellular process for internalizing substances via membrane vesicle formation."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysosome/": {"t": "Lysosome", "s": "Membrane-bound organelles that serve as the cell's degradation center.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysosome.webp", "c": "Kelvinsong · via Wikipedia: Lysosome · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/inflammation/": {"t": "Inflammation", "s": "Biological defence response of body tissues to harmful stimuli."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/lipopolysaccharide/": {"t": "Lipopolysaccharide", "s": "A potent immune-activating molecule from Gram-negative bacteria."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiovascular-disease/": {"t": "Cardiovascular disease", "s": "Cardiovascular disease is the top global killer, largely preventable."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/protein-structure/": {"t": "Protein structure", "s": "Three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a polypeptide chain."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/amino-acid/": {"t": "Amino acid", "s": "The building blocks of proteins, with 20 standard α-amino acids directly encoded by the genetic code and two rare ones incorporated via recoding."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/biosynthesis/": {"t": "Biosynthesis", "s": "Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of biological molecules from nutrients."}, "https://codexery.com/acids-and-bases/e/acids-and-bases/protonation/": {"t": "Protonation", "s": "Adding a proton to form a conjugate acid."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/base-chemistry/": {"t": "Base (chemistry)", "s": "Substances that react with acids, accepting protons or donating electron pairs."}, "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/e/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/chirality-chemistry/": {"t": "Chirality (chemistry)", "s": "Geometric property where a molecule cannot be superposed on its mirror image.", "i": "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/img/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/chirality-chemistry.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/e/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/enantiomer/": {"t": "Enantiomer", "s": "Mirror-image molecules that are non-superposable and rotate polarized light."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/catabolism/": {"t": "Catabolism", "s": "Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy for cells."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/translation-biology/": {"t": "Translation (biology)", "s": "Ribosomes decode mRNA to assemble proteins from amino acids."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/epigenome/": {"t": "Epigenome", "s": "Chemical changes to DNA and histones regulating gene expression."}, "https://codexery.com/neurological-disorders/e/neurological-disorders/neurological-disorder/": {"t": "Neurological disorder", "s": "Disorders of the nervous system affecting billions globally."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/methionine/": {"t": "Methionine", "s": "Essential amino acid, precursor to cysteine and rSAM."}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/prokaryote/": {"t": "Prokaryote", "s": "Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, foundational to life on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/img/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/prokaryote.webp", "c": "Mariana Ruiz Villarreal, LadyofHats translated in gujarati by User:Sushant_savla · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/redox/": {"t": "Redox", "s": "Chemical reactions where oxidation states change via electron or atom transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/rate-determining-step/": {"t": "Rate-determining step", "s": "The slowest step that governs overall reaction rate."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide/": {"t": "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide", "s": "Coenzyme central to metabolism, carrying electrons in redox reactions."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/cereal/": {"t": "Cereal", "s": "Grasses cultivated for edible grain, global staple foods."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/phagocytosis/": {"t": "Phagocytosis", "s": "Cellular engulfment of particles for immunity or nutrition."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/microorganism/": {"t": "Microorganism", "s": "Microscopic organisms that shape life, health, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/white-blood-cell/": {"t": "White blood cell", "s": "Nucleated immune cells that defend against infection and disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/white-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: White blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/carcinogenesis/e/carcinogenesis/cancer-cell/": {"t": "Cancer cell", "s": "Cells that divide uncontrollably and can metastasize throughout the body."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/natural-killer-cell/": {"t": "Natural killer cell", "s": "Innate immune cells that kill stressed cells lacking self markers."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/cytokine/": {"t": "Cytokine", "s": "Small proteins crucial for immune signaling and inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/testosterone/": {"t": "Testosterone", "s": "Primary male sex hormone influencing development, behavior, and health."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/mycobacterium-tuberculosis/": {"t": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "s": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often called Koch’s bacillus, is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis."}, "https://codexery.com/addiction/e/addiction/nf-b/": {"t": "NF-κB", "s": "Transcription factor family regulating immune response, cell survival, and inflammation."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/cell-mediated-immunity/": {"t": "Cell-mediated immunity", "s": "Immune response without antibodies, using T cells and cytokines."}, "https://codexery.com/anatomical-pathology/e/anatomical-pathology/granuloma/": {"t": "Granuloma", "s": "An organized collection of macrophages in chronic inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/healing/e/healing/regeneration-biology/": {"t": "Regeneration (biology)", "s": "Regeneration is the process of renewal and tissue growth across species."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/monosaccharide/": {"t": "Monosaccharide", "s": "Simple sugars are the basic units of carbohydrates."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/aldehyde/": {"t": "Aldehyde", "s": "An organic compound with a formyl group (R−CHO), featuring a polar carbonyl and diverse reactivity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/aldehyde.webp", "c": "NEUROtiker · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/thai-cuisine/e/thai-cuisine/char-siu/": {"t": "Char siu", "s": "Cantonese barbecued pork, known in Thailand as mu daeng."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/connective-tissue/": {"t": "Connective tissue", "s": "Connective tissue supports, binds, and separates other tissues."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-in-medicine-and-physiology/e/pioneers-in-medicine-and-physiology/paul-ehrlich/": {"t": "Paul Ehrlich", "s": "German physician and scientist who worked in hematology, immunology and antimicrobial chemotherapy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-in-medicine-and-physiology/img/pioneers-in-medicine-and-physiology/paul-ehrlich.webp", "c": "Harris & Ewing · via Wikipedia: Paul Ehrlich · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism/": {"t": "Parasitism", "s": "A close, harmful relationship where one organism exploits another.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism.webp", "c": "Soebe · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pandemics/e/pandemics/virus/": {"t": "Virus", "s": "Submicroscopic infectious agent replicating only inside living cells."}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/fungus/": {"t": "Fungus", "s": "Eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/medical-emergencies/anaphylaxis/": {"t": "Anaphylaxis", "s": "A rapid, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate medical care."}, "https://codexery.com/steroid-responsive-inflammatory/e/steroid-responsive-inflammatory-conditions/atopic-dermatitis/": {"t": "Atopic dermatitis", "s": "Chronic skin inflammation causing itchy, red, and thickened skin."}, "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/e/marine-invertebrates/tunicate/": {"t": "Tunicate", "s": "Marine chordates with a tunic and tadpole-like larvae.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/img/marine-invertebrates/tunicate.webp", "c": "Nhobgood Nick Hobgood · via Wikipedia: Tunicate · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/gestation/": {"t": "Gestation", "s": "Gestation is embryo development inside viviparous animals."}, "https://codexery.com/alzheimer-s-disease/e/alzheimer-s-disease/cd33/": {"t": "CD33", "s": "CD33 is a sialic acid-binding receptor targeted in leukemia therapy."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/homeostasis/": {"t": "Homeostasis", "s": "State of steady internal conditions maintained by living organisms."}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/allergen/": {"t": "Allergen", "s": "An otherwise harmless substance that triggers an allergic immune response."}, "https://codexery.com/molecular-biology/e/molecular-biology/g-protein-coupled-receptor/": {"t": "G protein-coupled receptor", "s": "Cell surface receptors that detect external signals and activate G proteins."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/nucleotide/": {"t": "Nucleotide", "s": "Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and cellular energy."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/rna/": {"t": "RNA", "s": "RNA is a nucleic acid essential for genetic information and catalysis."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/protein-biosynthesis/": {"t": "Protein biosynthesis", "s": "Cellular process producing proteins via transcription and translation."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/transcription-biology/": {"t": "Transcription (biology)", "s": "The process of synthesizing an RNA copy of a specific DNA segment for gene expression."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/rna-polymerase/": {"t": "RNA polymerase", "s": "Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/rna-splicing/": {"t": "RNA splicing", "s": "Process removing introns to form mature mRNA for translation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/rna-splicing.webp", "c": "Original: Iinaba Vector: Masumrezarock100 · via Wikipedia: RNA splicing · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/central-dogma-of-molecular-biology/": {"t": "Central dogma of molecular biology", "s": "The central dogma: information cannot flow back from protein to nucleic acid.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/central-dogma-of-molecular-biology.webp", "c": "Sbrools · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-crick/": {"t": "Francis Crick", "s": "Co-discoverer of the helical structure of DNA"}, "https://codexery.com/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/e/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/eukaryote/": {"t": "Eukaryote", "s": "Cellular organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists."}, "https://codexery.com/molecular-biology/e/molecular-biology/biochemistry/": {"t": "Biochemistry", "s": "Study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cytoplasm/": {"t": "Cytoplasm", "s": "Cytoplasm is the cell material outside the nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cytoskeleton/": {"t": "Cytoskeleton", "s": "Dynamic protein network shaping and organizing all cells."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/endoplasmic-reticulum/": {"t": "Endoplasmic reticulum", "s": "An organelle for protein folding and lipid synthesis."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/breast-cancer/": {"t": "Breast cancer", "s": "A cancer from breast tissue; leading cancer in women."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/microrna/": {"t": "MicroRNA", "s": "Small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/stem-cell/": {"t": "Stem cell", "s": "Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/peptidoglycan/": {"t": "Peptidoglycan", "s": "Mesh-like macromolecule essential for bacterial cell wall integrity."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/antonie-van-leeuwenhoek/": {"t": "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek", "s": "Self-taught Dutch microscopist who first observed microbes."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/endospore/": {"t": "Endospore", "s": "A dormant, resilient bacterial survival form triggered by starvation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbiology/img/microbiology/endospore.webp", "c": "WMrapids · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/somatic-cell/": {"t": "Somatic cell", "s": "Body cells that divide by mitosis, excluding germ and stem cells."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-wall/": {"t": "Cell wall", "s": "Structural layer outside cell membrane providing support and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/protozoa/": {"t": "Protozoa", "s": "Polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, historically seen as first animals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/img/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/protozoa.webp", "c": "Pitelka, Dorothy R. (Dorothy Riggs), 1920- · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/dysentery/": {"t": "Dysentery", "s": "A diarrheal disease causing bloody stools, often from poor sanitation."}, "https://codexery.com/aquatic-invertebrates/e/aquatic-invertebrates/rotifer/": {"t": "Rotifer", "s": "Microscopic wheel-bearers of freshwater worlds"}, "https://codexery.com/zoonoses/e/zoonoses/giardiasis/": {"t": "Giardiasis", "s": "A common parasitic disease causing diarrhoea and malabsorption worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/non-cellular-life/": {"t": "Non-cellular life", "s": "Life without cells, from viruses to viroids."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/mycology/": {"t": "Mycology", "s": "Study of fungi, including taxonomy, genetics, and human use."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/immunology/": {"t": "Immunology", "s": "The study of immune systems in all organisms, from ancient observations to modern immunotherapy."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/parasitology/": {"t": "Parasitology", "s": "Study of parasites, hosts, and their ecological and medical relationships."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/organelle/": {"t": "Organelle", "s": "Specialized subunit within a cell with a specific function"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/molecular-biology/": {"t": "Molecular biology", "s": "Study of molecular structures and processes in cells."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke/": {"t": "Robert Hooke", "s": "English polymath and pioneer of microscopy", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Hooke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/louis-pasteur/": {"t": "Louis Pasteur", "s": "Father of bacteriology and pioneer of pasteurization", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/louis-pasteur.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Louis Pasteur · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/microscope/": {"t": "Microscope", "s": "Instrument for viewing objects invisible to the naked eye.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/microscope.webp", "c": "Chad Anderson, staff photographer for SFO Museum · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/robert-koch/": {"t": "Robert Koch", "s": "Founder of modern bacteriology and discoverer of the causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/jainism/": {"t": "Jainism", "s": "Indian religion centered on nonviolence and spiritual liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/mahavira/": {"t": "Mahavira", "s": "Indian religious reformer and 24th Tirthankara of Jainism."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/persians/": {"t": "Persians", "s": "An Iranian ethnic group indigenous to the Iranian plateau, native speakers of Persian, and founders of ancient empires."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/avicenna/": {"t": "Avicenna", "s": "Preeminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/smallpox/": {"t": "Smallpox", "s": "Eradicated viral disease that killed hundreds of millions."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/mutualism-biology/": {"t": "Mutualism (biology)", "s": "Ecological 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"https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/martinus-beijerinck.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Martinus Beijerinck · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/life/": {"t": "Life", "s": "Life is a self-sustained process in matter, characterized by organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction, ending in deat"}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/green-algae/": {"t": "Green algae", "s": "Green algae are the photosynthetic ancestors of all land plants."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/organic-compound/": {"t": "Organic compound", "s": "Carbon-based compounds central to life and chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/lactose/": {"t": "Lactose", "s": "A disaccharide sugar found in milk, used in food and pharmaceuticals."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/maltose/": {"t": "Maltose", "s": "A disaccharide formed from two glucose units linked by an α(1→4) bond."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cellulose/": {"t": "Cellulose", "s": "The most abundant organic polymer on Earth, essential for plant cell walls and industrial products."}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/botany-and-plant-biology/starch/": {"t": "Starch", "s": "A polysaccharide energy store in plants and 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Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-linnaeus/": {"t": "Carl Linnaeus", "s": "Father of modern taxonomy"}, "https://codexery.com/plants-fungi/e/plants-and-fungi/agaricus/": {"t": "Agaricus", "s": "A large genus of mushroom-forming fungi including both prized edibles and poisonous species."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/receptor-biochemistry/": {"t": "Receptor (biochemistry)", "s": "Proteins that bind ligands to trigger cellular responses."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/mouse/": {"t": "Mouse", "s": "Small rodent known for adaptability and high breeding rate."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer-cell-lines/e/cancer-cell-lines/k562-cells/": {"t": "K562 cells", "s": "First immortalized human myelogenous leukemia cell line."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/apoptosis/": {"t": "Apoptosis", "s": "Programmed cell death: a regulated process essential for life and implicated in disease."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/lysis/": {"t": "Lysis", "s": "The breakdown of a cell membrane by various mechanisms."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer-cell-lines/e/cancer-cell-lines/nk-92/": {"t": "NK-92", "s": "Immortalized NK cell line used in cancer immunotherapy research and trials."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cellular-differentiation/": {"t": "Cellular differentiation", "s": "Process where stem cells become specialized cell types."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-biology/": {"t": "Cell biology", "s": "The study of cell structure, function, and behavior, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cell-migration/": {"t": "Cell migration", "s": "Cell migration is central to development, 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"s": "A molecule that bonds to form polymers."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nucleic-acid/": {"t": "Nucleic acid", "s": "The biomolecules that encode genetic information in all cells and viruses."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/adenosine-triphosphate/": {"t": "Adenosine triphosphate", "s": "The molecular unit of currency for intracellular energy transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/umami/": {"t": "Umami", "s": "One of the five basic tastes, identified in 1908."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/pyrimidine/": {"t": "Pyrimidine", "s": "Key heterocyclic compound forming nucleic acid bases."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-replication/": {"t": "DNA replication", "s": "Essential process for copying DNA in all organisms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-replication.webp", "c": "Original Image:LadyofHats Mariana Ruiz, Derivative work:Dmtrs32 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-union-of-pure-and-applied-chemistry/": {"t": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "s": "International authority for chemical nomenclature and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/molecular-biology/e/molecular-biology/primer-molecular-biology/": {"t": "Primer (molecular biology)", "s": "Short nucleic acid used to start DNA replication."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/gram-positive-bacteria/": {"t": "Gram-positive bacteria", "s": "Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan retaining crystal violet stain."}, "https://codexery.com/danish-inventions/e/danish-inventions/gram-stain/": {"t": "Gram stain", "s": "A staining method that classifies bacteria 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"https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid-bilayer.webp", "c": "Bensaccount · via Wikipedia: Lipid bilayer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/route-of-administration/": {"t": "Route of administration", "s": "Route by which substances enter the body."}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/amber/": {"t": "Amber", "s": "Fossilized tree resin valued since Neolithic times."}, "https://codexery.com/hungarian-inventions/e/hungarian-inventions/high-performance-liquid-chromatography/": {"t": "High-performance liquid chromatography", "s": "A pressurized liquid chromatography technique for separating and analyzing mixture components."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/carbohydrate/": {"t": "Carbohydrate", "s": "Carbohydrates are sugars and their derivatives, central to life and nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/iodine/": {"t": "Iodine", "s": "Heaviest stable halogen, essential for thyroid hormone synthesis."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/arthropod/": {"t": "Arthropod", "s": "Invertebrates with jointed limbs and exoskeletons, dominating animal diversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/img/invertebrates/arthropod.webp", "c": "Cédric Aria, Fangchen Zhao, Han Zeng, Jin Guo, Maoyan Zhu Diego C. García-Bellid · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/exoskeleton/": {"t": "Exoskeleton", "s": "Exoskeletons are external skeletons providing support and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/insects-and-their-relatives/e/insects-and-their-relatives/termite/": {"t": "Termite", "s": "Eusocial decomposers that are highly derived cockroaches, not ants."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/potato/": {"t": "Potato", "s": "A starchy tuber domesticated in the Andes, now a global staple."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/rice/": {"t": "Rice", "s": "Staple grain for over half the world's population."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/wheat/": {"t": "Wheat", "s": "A staple cereal cultivated for millennia, wheat is the second most-produced grain after maize."}, "https://codexery.com/nutrition-and-diet/e/nutrition-and-diet/nutrition/": {"t": "Nutrition", "s": "The biochemical process by which organisms use food and water."}, "/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/messenger-rna/": {"t": "Messenger RNA", "s": "mRNA carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-nucleus/": {"t": "Cell nucleus", "s": "Membrane-bound organelle containing the cell's genome.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-nucleus.webp", "c": "Szajci · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/post-transcriptional-modification/": {"t": "Post-transcriptional modification", "s": "Chemical alterations to RNA after transcription produce functional molecules."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/ribosome/": {"t": "Ribosome", "s": "Cellular machine that synthesizes proteins from mRNA.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/ribosome.webp", "c": "Vossman · via Wikipedia: Ribosome · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/peptide/": {"t": "Peptide", "s": "Short amino acid chains with diverse biological roles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/peptide.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/post-translational-modification/": {"t": "Post-translational modification", "s": "Covalent protein changes after synthesis, diversifying function and regulation."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/mutation/": {"t": "Mutation", "s": "Mutations are alterations in DNA sequence driving evolution and disease."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/hydrogen-bond/": {"t": "Hydrogen bond", "s": "A partial-covalent molecular interaction between a protic hydrogen and an electronegative acceptor."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/exon/": {"t": "Exon", "s": "Exons are gene segments that form mature RNA after splicing."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/molecular-geometry/": {"t": "Molecular geometry", "s": "Three-dimensional atomic arrangement determining molecular properties."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-reaction/": {"t": "Chemical reaction", "s": "Process rearranging atoms with energy change, yielding new substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-reaction.webp", "c": "Д.Ильин : translation, optimization · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/x-ray-crystallography/": {"t": "X-ray crystallography", "s": "Determines atomic structure via X-ray diffraction from crystals."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/mass-spectrometry/": {"t": "Mass spectrometry", "s": "Technique measuring ion mass-to-charge ratios for chemical analysis."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/genetic-code/": {"t": "Genetic code", "s": "Rules translating nucleotide triplets into proteins."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/linus-pauling/": {"t": "Linus Pauling", "s": "American chemist and peace activist, winner of two Nobel Prizes"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein-folding/": {"t": "Protein folding", "s": "Physical process forming functional protein three-dimensional structure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein-folding.webp", "c": "Holger87 · via Wikipedia: Protein folding · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/signal-transduction/": {"t": "Signal transduction", "s": "Process transmitting chemical or physical signals 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{"t": "Schizosaccharomyces pombe", "s": "Fission yeast used in brewing and cell cycle research."}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/candida-albicans/": {"t": "Candida albicans", "s": "Opportunistic yeast causing candidiasis; model fungal pathogen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/img/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/candida-albicans.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-cycle/": {"t": "Cell cycle", "s": "The sequence of events leading to cell division, from interphase through mitosis and cytokinesis."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dominance-genetics/": {"t": "Dominance (genetics)", "s": "One allele masks another's effect in a heterozygous genotype."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/sex-linkage/": {"t": "Sex linkage", "s": "Patterns of inheritance for genes on sex chromosomes."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacology/": {"t": "Pharmacology", "s": "Science of drugs and their interactions with biological systems."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/nicotine/": {"t": "Nicotine", "s": "Stimulant alkaloid from tobacco; highly addictive."}, "https://codexery.com/vomiting/e/vomiting/chemoreceptor/": {"t": "Chemoreceptor", "s": "Sensory receptors that detect chemical changes and trigger physiological responses."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-simulation/": {"t": "Computer simulation", "s": "Running mathematical models on computers to represent real-world systems."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-equilibrium/": {"t": "Chemical equilibrium", "s": "State where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/dissociation-constant/": {"t": "Dissociation constant", "s": "Equilibrium constant measuring reversible dissociation of complexes."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/second-messenger-system/": {"t": "Second messenger system", "s": "Intracellular messengers that amplify and propagate extracellular signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/second-messenger-system.webp", "c": "explorebiology · via Wikipedia: Second messenger system · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell/": {"t": "Red blood cell", "s": "The most common blood cell, responsible for oxygen transport via hemoglobin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: Red blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/steroid-hormone/": {"t": "Steroid hormone", "s": "Steroid hormones regulate metabolism, immunity, and sexual development."}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/pathology/electron-microscope/": {"t": "Electron microscope", "s": "Uses electron beams for much higher resolution than light microscopes."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nuclear-envelope/": {"t": "Nuclear envelope", "s": "Double lipid bilayer enclosing the eukaryotic nucleus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/nuclear-envelope.webp", "c": "Mariana Ruiz LadyofHats · via Wikipedia: Nuclear envelope · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hippocrates/": {"t": "Hippocrates", "s": "Father of Medicine who separated medicine from religion and emphasized natural causes of disease."}, "https://codexery.com/steroid-responsive-inflammatory/e/steroid-responsive-inflammatory-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/": {"t": "Rheumatoid arthritis", "s": "Chronic autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation and systemic effects."}, "https://codexery.com/steroid-responsive-inflammatory/e/steroid-responsive-inflammatory-conditions/inflammatory-bowel-disease/": {"t": "Inflammatory bowel disease", "s": "Chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/epithelium/": {"t": "Epithelium", "s": "Protective layer of cells lining body surfaces and cavities."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/pressure/": {"t": "Pressure", "s": "Pressure is force per unit area, a scalar quantity."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-potential/": {"t": "Membrane potential", "s": "The electric potential difference across a biological cell membrane.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-potential.webp", "c": "Д.Ильин: vectorization · via Wikipedia: Membrane potential · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/molecule/": {"t": "Molecule", "s": "Group of atoms bonded together; fundamental unit of chemical compounds."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/endocrine-system/": {"t": "Endocrine system", "s": "Hormonal messenger system regulating distant organs via feedback loops."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/developmental-biology/": {"t": "Developmental biology", "s": "Study of growth and development in animals and plants."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cell-division/": {"t": "Cell division", "s": "Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells."}, "https://codexery.com/carcinogenesis/e/carcinogenesis/carcinogenesis/": {"t": "Carcinogenesis", "s": "Normal cells become cancer through genetic and epigenetic changes."}, "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/e/aging-associated-diseases/aging-associated-diseases/": {"t": "Aging-associated diseases", "s": "Diseases increasing with age, distinct from aging itself.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/img/aging-associated-diseases/aging-associated-diseases.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh, Jarod Rutledge, Daniel Nachun, Róbert · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-repair/": {"t": "DNA repair", "s": "Processes by which cells identify and correct DNA damage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-repair.webp", "c": "Eunice Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/carcinogenesis/e/carcinogenesis/reactive-oxygen-species/": {"t": "Reactive oxygen species", "s": "Reactive oxygen species are chemically reactive molecules derived from oxygen."}, "https://codexery.com/carcinogenesis/e/carcinogenesis/oncogene/": {"t": "Oncogene", "s": "Genes that can cause cancer when mutated or overexpressed."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/chromosome/": {"t": "Chromosome", "s": "A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/gene-expression/": {"t": "Gene expression", "s": "Process by which genes produce functional products."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/skin/": {"t": "Skin", "s": "The body's first line of defense, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/morphogenesis/": {"t": "Morphogenesis", "s": "The biological process generating form in cells and organisms."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/electron-transport-chain/": {"t": "Electron transport chain", "s": "Series of redox reactions driving ATP synthesis via proton gradients."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/peroxisome/": {"t": "Peroxisome", "s": "Organelles that generate and break down hydrogen peroxide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/peroxisome.webp", "c": "Original:  Agateller Vector:  Qef · via Wikipedia: Peroxisome · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/central-nervous-system/": {"t": "Central nervous system", "s": "Central nervous system integrates and coordinates body activity."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/drug-discovery/": {"t": "Drug discovery", "s": "Drug discovery identifies new medications through screening and optimization."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/medicinal-fungi/e/medicinal-fungi/ergot/": {"t": "Ergot", "s": "Fungal genus causing ergotism through alkaloid-contaminated grains."}, "https://codexery.com/edible-fungi/e/edible-fungi/agaricus-bisporus/": {"t": "Agaricus bisporus", "s": "A widely cultivated edible fungus with white and brown immature forms."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/general-health-and-wellness/dietary-supplement/": {"t": "Dietary supplement", "s": "Manufactured products intended to supplement the diet with nutrients."}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/antifungal/": {"t": "Antifungal", "s": "Pharmaceutical agents used to treat and prevent fungal infections."}, "https://codexery.com/common-infections-and-diseases/e/common-infections-and-diseases/african-trypanosomiasis/": {"t": "African trypanosomiasis", "s": "A parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies, causing sleeping sickness."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/potassium/": {"t": "Potassium", "s": "Soft alkali metal essential to life and widely used in fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/effects-of-external-causes/vitamin-d-toxicity/": {"t": "Vitamin D toxicity", "s": "Excess vitamin D causes hypercalcemia and soft tissue calcification."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/cyanobacteria/": {"t": "Cyanobacteria", "s": "Ancient photosynthetic bacteria that oxygenated Earth's atmosphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/img/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/cyanobacteria.webp", "c": "Lamiot · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis/": {"t": "Chemical synthesis", "s": "Artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis.webp", "c": "KlijnB · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/chemical-decomposition/": {"t": "Chemical decomposition", "s": "Chemical decomposition breaks one reactant into multiple products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/chemical-decomposition.webp", "c": "Alice13281 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/e/aging-associated-diseases/type-2-diabetes/": {"t": "Type 2 diabetes", "s": "A chronic metabolic disease marked by insulin resistance and high blood sugar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/img/aging-associated-diseases/type-2-diabetes.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions-related-to-obesity/e/medical-conditions-related-to-obesity/fatty-liver-disease/": {"t": "Fatty liver disease", "s": "Excess liver fat can lead to cirrhosis and cancer."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions-related-to-obesity/e/medical-conditions-related-to-obesity/abdominal-obesity/": {"t": "Abdominal obesity", "s": "Excess visceral fat around the abdomen linked to serious disease."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/thermogenesis/": {"t": "Thermogenesis", "s": "Heat production in metabolism across animals and plants."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-polymerase/": {"t": "DNA polymerase", "s": 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"https://codexery.com/sodium-compounds/e/sodium-compounds/sodium-hydroxide/": {"t": "Sodium hydroxide", "s": "Caustic soda: a strong base and nucleophile used in industry and chemistry education."}}