{"https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/metric-system/": {"t": "Metric system", "s": "A decimal-based system of measurement standardising base units and prefixes."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-bureau-of-weights-and-measures/": {"t": "International Bureau of Weights and Measures", "s": "Intergovernmental body ensuring global measurement uniformity."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/international-system-of-units/": {"t": "International System of Units", "s": "The modern metric system used worldwide for measurement."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/giza-pyramid-complex/": {"t": "Giza pyramid complex", "s": "Ancient Egyptian pyramid complex built during the Fourth Dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/ancient-histories-and-epics/book-of-rites/": {"t": "Book of Rites", "s": "Confucian classic of rites, social forms, and ceremonial conduct."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/metre/": {"t": "Metre", "s": "Base SI unit of length, defined by light in vacuum."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/photometry-optics/": {"t": "Photometry (optics)", "s": "Branch of optics measuring light as perceived by the human eye."}, "https://codexery.com/quantum-mechanics-and-foundations/e/quantum-mechanics-and-foundations/planck-constant/": {"t": "Planck constant", "s": "Fundamental constant linking energy and frequency in quantum mechanics."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/unit-of-measurement/": {"t": "Unit of measurement", "s": "Standardized quantities enabling consistent measurement across time and place."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/mass/": {"t": "Mass", "s": "Intrinsic property measuring inertia and gravitational attraction."}, "/e/metrology/coherence-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "Coherence (units of measurement)", "s": "A system where derived units are products of base units with no conversion factors."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-current/": {"t": "Electric current", "s": "Flow of charged particles through a conductor or space."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/luminous-intensity/": {"t": "Luminous intensity", "s": "Measure of perceived power per unit solid angle."}, "/e/metrology/dimensional-analysis/": {"t": "Dimensional analysis", "s": "Method for analyzing physical dimensions of quantities."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/angle/": {"t": "Angle", "s": "A geometric figure formed by two lines meeting at a point."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-shapes/e/geometry-and-shapes/solid-angle/": {"t": "Solid angle", "s": "A measure of the field of view an object covers from a point."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/entropy-information-theory/": {"t": "Entropy (information theory)", "s": "Measure of average uncertainty in a random variable's outcomes."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-organization-for-standardization/": {"t": "International Organization for Standardization", "s": "Independent developer of global technical and nontechnical standards."}, "/e/metrology/metrology/": {"t": "Metrology", "s": "The science of measurement, from ancient cubits to quantum standards."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/redox/": {"t": "Redox", "s": "Chemical reactions where oxidation states change via electron or atom transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/density/": {"t": "Density", "s": "Mass per unit volume, an intensive property of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lead/": {"t": "Lead", "s": "Heavy metal with stable isotopes and historical industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/mole-unit/": {"t": "Mole (unit)", "s": "SI base unit for amount of substance."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/newton-unit/": {"t": "Newton (unit)", "s": "SI unit of force, named after Isaac Newton."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/watt/": {"t": "Watt", "s": "SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/absorption-electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)", "s": "Matter takes up photon energy, transforming it into internal energy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crystallography/img/crystallography/absorption-electromagnetic-radiation.webp", "c": "Own work · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/frequency/": {"t": "Frequency", "s": "Frequency measures repeating events per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radiation/": {"t": "Radiation", "s": "Energy emitted as waves or particles through space or matter."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Earth's magnetic field", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Electromagnetic radiation", "s": "Self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field carrying energy."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/spin-physics/": {"t": "Spin (physics)", "s": "Intrinsic quantized angular momentum of elementary particles."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-spectrum/": {"t": "Electromagnetic spectrum", "s": "The full range of electromagnetic radiation, from radio to gamma rays."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/microwave/": {"t": "Microwave", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation between radio waves and infrared, used widely in technology."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/tropical-year/": {"t": "Tropical year", "s": "Time for Sun to return to same seasonal position."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/visible-spectrum/": {"t": "Visible spectrum", "s": "The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/elementary-charge/": {"t": "Elementary charge", "s": "Fundamental constant defining the charge of an electron."}, "/e/metrology/conversion-of-units/": {"t": "Conversion of units", "s": "Technique for changing units using multiplicative conversion factors."}, "https://codexery.com/algebra/e/algebra/product-mathematics/": {"t": "Product (mathematics)", "s": "The result of multiplication, central to arithmetic and algebra."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/lord-kelvin/": {"t": "Lord Kelvin", "s": "Scottish mathematician, physicist, and engineer who determined absolute zero and helped formulate the laws of thermodynamics."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/speed/": {"t": "Speed", "s": "Speed is the rate of distance change over time."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/velocity/": {"t": "Velocity", "s": "A vector measure of speed with direction."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-shapes/e/geometry-and-shapes/volume/": {"t": "Volume", "s": "Volume quantifies three-dimensional space and container capacity."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "/e/metrology/biblical-and-talmudic-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement", "s": "Ancient Israelite measurement system still used in Orthodox Jewish law."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egypt/e/ancient-egypt/ancient-egyptian-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "Ancient Egyptian units of measurement", "s": "Anthropic origins, standardized rods, and Ptolemaic reforms shaped Egyptian measures."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/akkadian-empire/": {"t": "Akkadian Empire", "s": "The first empire in history?"}, "https://codexery.com/deified-male-monarchs/e/deified-male-monarchs/naram-sin-of-akkad/": {"t": "Naram-Sin of Akkad", "s": "First Mesopotamian king to claim divinity and expand Akkad to its peak.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deified-male-monarchs/img/deified-male-monarchs/naram-sin-of-akkad.webp", "c": "Zunkir · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/metrology/centimetre-gram-second-system-of-units/": {"t": "Centimetre–gram–second system of units", "s": "Metric system variant using centimetre, gram, and second."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/contract/": {"t": "Contract", "s": "A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/mass-flow-rate/": {"t": "Mass flow rate", "s": "Rate of mass passing through a surface over time."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/ideal-gas-law/": {"t": "Ideal gas law", "s": "Equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/kilogram/": {"t": "Kilogram", "s": "The kilogram (sometimes spelled kilogramme) is the SI base unit of mass, equivalent to 1,000 grams."}, "/e/metrology/international-system-of-quantities/": {"t": "International System of Quantities", "s": "The standard system of quantities underlying the SI, codified in ISO/IEC 80000."}, "/e/metrology/buckingham-pi-theorem/": {"t": "Buckingham pi theorem", "s": "Theorem restating physical equations using dimensionless parameters."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/basis-linear-algebra/": {"t": "Basis (linear algebra)", "s": "A basis is a linearly independent spanning set of a vector space."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-charge/": {"t": "Electric charge", "s": "Electric charge is a quantized property causing electromagnetic force."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/kinematics/": {"t": "Kinematics", "s": "Subfield of physics and geometry describing motion without forces."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/force/": {"t": "Force", "s": "A vector action causing change in motion, shape, or pressure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/force.webp", "c": "SpaceX · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/pressure/": {"t": "Pressure", "s": "Pressure is force per unit area, a scalar quantity."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/voltage/": {"t": "Voltage", "s": "Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/capacitance/": {"t": "Capacitance", "s": "Capacitance is the ability to store electric charge."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/torque/": {"t": "Torque", "s": "Torque is the rotational analogue of linear force."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/fluid-mechanics/": {"t": "Fluid mechanics", "s": "Branch of physics studying fluids and forces on them."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/mechanics/": {"t": "Mechanics", "s": "Physics of force, matter, and motion among objects."}, "https://codexery.com/algebra/e/algebra/rank-linear-algebra/": {"t": "Rank (linear algebra)", "s": "Rank measures the dimension of a matrix's column or row space."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/fluid-dynamics/": {"t": "Fluid dynamics", "s": "Study of fluid flow, including liquids and gases."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-power/": {"t": "Electric power", "s": "Electric power is the rate of electrical energy transfer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electric-power.webp", "c": "Alan O'Dowd · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-generator/": {"t": "Electric generator", "s": "Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for external circuits."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/viscosity/": {"t": "Viscosity", "s": "Viscosity quantifies a fluid's internal resistance to flow."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/reynolds-number/": {"t": "Reynolds number", "s": "Dimensionless ratio predicting laminar or turbulent flow."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventions/e/canadian-inventions/finite-element-method/": {"t": "Finite element method", "s": "Numerical method for solving differential equations via finite elements."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/united-states-customary-units/": {"t": "United States customary units", "s": "United States customary units are a system of measurement used across the United States and most of its territories, having been standardized and adopted in 183"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/gallon/": {"t": "Gallon", "s": "Two gallons, one standard symbol: gal."}, "/e/metrology/avoirdupois/": {"t": "Avoirdupois", "s": "The everyday system of weights using pounds and ounces, standardized internationally in 1959."}, "/e/metrology/international-yard-and-pound/": {"t": "International yard and pound", "s": "Agreement defining yard and pound in metric terms."}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/surveying/": {"t": "Surveying", "s": "Surveying determines positions for maps, boundaries, and construction."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/geodetic-datum/": {"t": "Geodetic datum", "s": "A reference frame for unambiguously representing Earth positions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/geodetic-datum.webp", "c": "Cosmo1976 · via Wikipedia: Geodetic datum · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/nautical-mile/": {"t": "Nautical mile", "s": "Unit of length for air, marine, and space navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/flour/": {"t": "Flour", "s": "Powder made by grinding grains, nuts, seeds, roots, or vegetables.", "i": "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/img/food-and-drink/flour.webp", "c": "Chandapiwa Malema · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/ton/": {"t": "Ton", "s": "A unit of mass, volume, or force with varied definitions."}, "/e/metrology/english-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "English units of measurement", "s": "English units preceded Imperial and US customary systems."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/saxons/": {"t": "Saxons", "s": "Germanic people of early medieval Old Saxony, conquered by Charlemagne."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution/": {"t": "American Revolution", "s": "Political movement that created the sovereign United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/imperial-units/": {"t": "Imperial units", "s": "System of units defined by British Weights and Measures Acts."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/norman-conquest/": {"t": "Norman Conquest", "s": "11th-century invasion that made William the Conqueror king of England."}, "/e/metrology/apothecaries-system/": {"t": "Apothecaries' system", "s": "Historical medical weight and volume system used by apothecaries."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacist/": {"t": "Pharmacist", "s": "Healthcare professional who dispenses medications and provides pharmaceutical care."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-king-of-england/": {"t": "John, King of England", "s": "King of England who sealed Magna Carta and lost the Angevin Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/articles-of-confederation/": {"t": "Articles of Confederation", "s": "The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Constitution of the United States", "s": "Supreme law of the United States, oldest written national constitution in force."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/james-watt/": {"t": "James Watt", "s": "Scottish inventor who improved the steam engine with a separate condenser, powering the Industrial Revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/james-watt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: James Watt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/pound-sterling/": {"t": "Pound sterling", "s": "The world's oldest currency in continuous use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/pound-sterling.webp", "c": "Colonial Bank of Australasia (note), Heritage Auctions (image) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electromagnetism/": {"t": "Electromagnetism", "s": "One of four fundamental forces governing atomic and molecular interactions."}, "/e/metrology/mks-units/": {"t": "MKS units", "s": "Coherent measurement system that evolved into the International System of Units."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/maxwell-s-equations/": {"t": "Maxwell's equations", "s": "Foundation of classical electromagnetism and optics."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-friedrich-gauss/": {"t": "Carl Friedrich Gauss", "s": "German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/weighing-scale/": {"t": "Weighing scale", "s": "A device for measuring mass or weight using equilibrium."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/vacuum-permittivity/": {"t": "Vacuum permittivity", "s": "Baseline constant for electric field formation in vacuum."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/kelvin/": {"t": "Kelvin", "s": "British scientist who developed the absolute temperature scale."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/speed-of-light/": {"t": "Speed of light", "s": "Universal constant defining the maximum speed in spacetime."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-constant/": {"t": "Gravitational constant", "s": "Fundamental constant quantifying gravitational force strength.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-constant.webp", "c": "National Institute of Standards and Technology · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/schwarzschild-radius/": {"t": "Schwarzschild radius", "s": "Radius defining the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/black-hole/": {"t": "Black hole", "s": "An astronomical body from which nothing, not even light, can escape.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope, uploader cropped and converted TIF to JPG · via Wikipedia: Black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/particle-physics/": {"t": "Particle physics", "s": "Study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/physical-cosmology/": {"t": "Physical cosmology", "s": "Study of the universe's origin, structure, and evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/einstein-field-equations/": {"t": "Einstein field equations", "s": "Tensor equations linking spacetime geometry to matter-energy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/einstein-field-equations.webp", "c": "Hendrik Lorentz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/momentum/": {"t": "Momentum", "s": "Vector quantity equal to mass times velocity."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/four-momentum/": {"t": "Four-momentum", "s": "Four-vector combining energy and momentum in special relativity."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/vacuum-permeability/": {"t": "Vacuum permeability", "s": "Physical constant quantifying magnetic field strength induced by electric current in vacuum."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/quantum-field-theory/": {"t": "Quantum field theory", "s": "Framework combining field theory, relativity, and quantum mechanics."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/string-theory/": {"t": "String theory", "s": "Theoretical framework replacing point particles with vibrating strings."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/electrical-capacitor/": {"t": "Electrical capacitor", "s": "Passive component storing electrical energy via separated conductors."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-field/": {"t": "Electric field", "s": "Electric fields arise from charges and exert forces on other charges."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/e/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/atomic-spectroscopy/": {"t": "Atomic spectroscopy", "s": "Study of electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by atoms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/img/chemical-analysis-and-spectroscopy/atomic-spectroscopy.webp", "c": "MarsInSVG · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/frame-of-reference/": {"t": "Frame of reference", "s": "Abstract coordinate system for describing physical space and motion."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/day/": {"t": "Day", "s": "The time period of a full rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/jupiter/": {"t": "Jupiter", "s": "Largest planet in the Solar System, a gas giant with a Great Red Spot."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/redshift/": {"t": "Redshift", "s": "Redshift measures the stretching of light from moving or distant sources."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-spacetime/e/relativity-and-spacetime/spacetime/": {"t": "Spacetime", "s": "A four-dimensional continuum fusing space and time."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medical-doctor/": {"t": "Medical doctor", "s": "Health professional who practices medicine to promote and restore health."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/galen/": {"t": "Galen", "s": "Roman and Greek physician whose medical theories dominated for over 1,300 years."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "Habsburg monarchy", "s": "A composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg across Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy.webp", "c": "ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981. · via Wikipedia: Habsburg monarchy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-danger/e/world-heritage-sites-in-danger/dubrovnik/": {"t": "Dubrovnik", "s": "Medieval walled city on the Adriatic coast."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/italian-peninsula/": {"t": "Italian Peninsula", "s": "Boot-shaped peninsula comprising much of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/books-of-chronicles/": {"t": "Books of Chronicles", "s": "Biblical book concluding the Hebrew Bible, focusing on Judah's history."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/books-of-samuel/": {"t": "Books of Samuel", "s": "A theological history of Israel's first kings and prophets."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia/": {"t": "Phoenicia", "s": "Ancient Semitic maritime traders who spread the alphabet across the Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia.webp", "c": "Kordas, based on Alvaro's work · via Wikipedia: Phoenicia · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/iranian-languages/": {"t": "Iranian languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-Iranian languages spoken by Iranian peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/josephus/": {"t": "Josephus", "s": "Roman–Jewish historian and military leader, author of The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/shabbat/": {"t": "Shabbat", "s": "Judaism's weekly day of rest and spiritual contemplation."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/shang-dynasty/": {"t": "Shang dynasty", "s": "Earliest Chinese dynasty confirmed by archaeology and written records."}, "/e/metrology/japanese-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "Japanese units of measurement", "s": "Traditional Japanese measurement system still used in carpentry and agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/flood-myths/e/flood-myths/yu-the-great/": {"t": "Yu the Great", "s": "Legendary founder of China's first dynasty and flood-control hero."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/zhou-dynasty/": {"t": "Zhou dynasty", "s": "Longest-reigning Chinese dynasty, spanning nearly eight centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/ancient-histories-and-epics/book-of-han/": {"t": "Book of Han", "s": "First dynastic history in annals-biography form, covering the Former Han."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/chinese-herbology/": {"t": "Chinese herbology", "s": "Theory of traditional Chinese pharmacotherapy, using diverse natural substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/chinese-herbology.webp", "c": "Ellin Beltz · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "/e/metrology/chinese-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "Chinese units of measurement", "s": "Traditional Han Chinese measurement system, still used in modified forms."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/sinosphere/": {"t": "Sinosphere", "s": "A historical cultural sphere shaped by Chinese influence in East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "/e/metrology/international-prototype-of-the-kilogram/": {"t": "International Prototype of the Kilogram", "s": "The object that defined the kilogram for 130 years."}, "https://codexery.com/cuisine-and-condiments/e/cuisine-and-condiments/sake/": {"t": "Sake", "s": "Japanese fermented rice beverage, national drink, brewed like beer."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/honshu/": {"t": "Honshu", "s": "Japan's largest and most populous main island"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/kyushu/": {"t": "Kyushu", "s": "Japan's southern gateway, rich in volcanic landscapes and ancient heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/furniture-household-items/e/furniture-and-household-items/tatami/": {"t": "Tatami", "s": "Traditional Japanese flooring mats made of soft rush."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/taiwan-under-japanese-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Japanese rule", "s": "The period of Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895 after the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, following Japan"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/odometer/": {"t": "Odometer", "s": "Instrument for measuring distance traveled by a vehicle."}, "https://codexery.com/musok-deities/e/musok-deities/taejo-of-joseon/": {"t": "Taejo of Joseon", "s": "Founder of Joseon, overthrew Goryeo, abdicated after six years."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/joseon/": {"t": "Joseon", "s": "A dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years, founded in 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in 1897."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/korean-language/": {"t": "Korean language", "s": "Korean is a Koreanic language official in both North and South Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/e/computer-mice-and-monitors/computer-monitor/": {"t": "Computer monitor", "s": "An output device displaying pictorial or textual information from a computer."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-middle-eastern-monarchs-strongmen/e/asian-and-middle-eastern-monarchs-and-strongmen/kim-il-sung/": {"t": "Kim Il-sung", "s": "Founder and eternal leader of North Korea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-middle-eastern-monarchs-strongmen/img/asian-and-middle-eastern-monarchs-and-strongmen/kim-il-sung.webp", "c": "David Clayton Ellsworth · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-leaders/e/east-asian-leaders/kim-jong-un/": {"t": "Kim Jong Un", "s": "Supreme leader of North Korea since 2011"}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/butter/": {"t": "Butter", "s": "A semi-solid gel of churned cream, butter is a dairy staple used as a spread, condiment, and cooking fat."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/litre/": {"t": "Litre", "s": "Metric unit of volume, equal to one cubic decimetre."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/sugar/": {"t": "Sugar", "s": "A class of sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates used in food."}, "/e/metrology/approximate-measures/": {"t": "Approximate measures", "s": "Approximate measures: units of volume without official definition, rooted in tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/late-middle-ages/": {"t": "Late Middle Ages", "s": "Crisis and transformation in 14th–15th century Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/elizabeth-i/": {"t": "Elizabeth I", "s": "The Virgin Queen who presided over the Elizabethan era."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-hanseatic-league/": {"t": "The Hanseatic League", "s": "A medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and towns."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "/e/metrology/cooking-weights-and-measures/": {"t": "Cooking weights and measures", "s": "Systems for specifying ingredient quantities vary by region and era."}}