{"https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-of-assisi/": {"t": "Francis of Assisi", "s": "Italian mystic, poet, and founder of the Franciscan Order"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/italian-wars/": {"t": "Italian Wars", "s": "A series of conflicts driven by French–Habsburg rivalry in Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/holy-land/": {"t": "Holy Land", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members worldwide as of 2026."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/part-1/catalonia/": {"t": "Catalonia", "s": "An autonomous community in northeastern Spain with a distinct history and language."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/part-1/asceticism/": {"t": "asceticism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/part-1/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-calvin/": {"t": "John Calvin", "s": "French theologian and reformer who developed Calvinism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-xavier/": {"t": "Francis Xavier", "s": "Navarrese missionary and co-founder of the Society of Jesus, first Christian missionary to Japan."}, "/e/part-1/peter-faber/": {"t": "Peter Faber", "s": "Savoyard co-founder of the Jesuits, known for his gift of friendship and spiritual guidance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-renaissance-theologians/img/part-1/peter-faber.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Erasmus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/malaria/": {"t": "malaria", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/part-1/wolf/": {"t": "wolf", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/part-1/mapuche/": {"t": "mapuche", "s": ""}, 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"s": "Remote volcanic chain between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/part-1/cyrillic-script/": {"t": "Cyrillic script", "s": "Third official script of the European Union.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/part-1/cyrillic-script.webp", "c": "Crissov , Gojdo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/bering-sea/": {"t": "Bering Sea", "s": "Reality TV series set in Nome, Alaska, on Norton Sound.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/bering-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bering Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "saint-petersburg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/sacredness/": {"t": "sacredness", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/yakutsk/": {"t": "Yakutsk", "s": "The coldest major city on Earth, built on permafrost."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/part-1/hagia-sophia/": {"t": "Hagia Sophia", "s": "Justinian's great domed church in Istanbul: cathedral, mosque, museum and mosque again.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/part-1/hagia-sophia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hagia Sophia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/part-1/the-fall-of-constantinople/": {"t": "the-fall-of-constantinople", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/stato-da-m-r/e/part-1/monemvasia/": {"t": "Monemvasia", "s": "A fortified town on a tied island in the Peloponnese."}, "https://codexery.com/as-roma/e/stadiums/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "An eternal city where ancient history pulses with the yellow-red heartbeat of its football club."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/roman-empire/": {"t": "roman-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/part-1/galicia-eastern-europe/": {"t": "Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "s": "Historical region spanning southeastern Poland and western Ukraine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/part-1/galicia-eastern-europe.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/part-1/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mehmed-ii/": {"t": "Mehmed II", "s": "The Conqueror of Constantinople"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/part-1/heidelberg-university/": {"t": "Heidelberg University", "s": "Germany's oldest university, founded in 1386.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/part-1/heidelberg-university.webp", "c": "Max Adamo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/part-1/anabaptism/": {"t": "anabaptism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/catholic-church/": {"t": "catholic-church", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/part-1/political-economy/": {"t": "political-economy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/erasmus/": {"t": "Erasmus", "s": "Dutch humanist and theologian, key figure of the Northern Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/part-1/free-will/": {"t": "Free will", "s": "The capacity to choose between different possible courses of action, central to moral responsibility and philosophical debate."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/part-1/good-works/": {"t": "Good works", "s": "Christian views on works, faith, and salvation vary."}, "https://codexery.com/limbo/e/characters/purgatory/": {"t": "Purgatory", "s": "Intermediate state of purification after death in Catholic theology."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jan-hus/": {"t": "Jan Hus", "s": "Czech reformer and inspiration of Hussitism"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/part-1/leipzig-university/": {"t": "Leipzig University", "s": "One of the world's oldest universities, founded in 1409."}, "https://codexery.com/daft-punk/e/places/paris/": {"t": "Paris", "s": "A neon-drenched metropolis where human creativity sparks the fire of robotic evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/part-1/leuven/": {"t": "Leuven", "s": "Capital of Flemish Brabant, oldest university city in the Low Countries."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/part-1/philipp-melanchthon/": {"t": "Philipp Melanchthon", "s": "Lutheran reformer, first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, and primary author of the Augsburg Confession.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/img/part-1/philipp-melanchthon.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Philipp Melanchthon · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/part-1/aristotelianism/": {"t": "Aristotelianism", "s": "Philosophical tradition inspired by Aristotle's logic, ethics, and metaphysics."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/part-1/pope-leo-x/": {"t": "pope-leo-x", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/part-1/saxony/": {"t": "saxony", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/part-1/brandenburg/": {"t": "brandenburg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/part-1/bavaria/": {"t": "bavaria", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/part-1/iconoclasm/": {"t": "Iconoclasm", "s": "The belief in the importance of destroying icons and images, often for religious or political reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/huldrych-zwingli/": {"t": "Huldrych Zwingli", "s": "Swiss theologian and leader of the Reformation in Switzerland."}, "/e/part-1/martin-bucer/": {"t": "Martin Bucer", "s": "Alsatian reformer and ecumenical pioneer", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-renaissance-theologians/img/part-1/martin-bucer.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Martin Bucer · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/part-1/mary-mother-of-jesus/": {"t": "mary-mother-of-jesus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mytholog/e/part-1/blood-libel/": {"t": "blood-libel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/part-1/st-peter-s-basilica/": {"t": "st-peter-s-basilica", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/part-1/electorate-of-saxony/": {"t": "electorate-of-saxony", "s": ""}, "/e/part-1/ignatius-of-loyola/": {"t": "Ignatius of Loyola", "s": "Founder of the Jesuits and author of the Spiritual Exercises."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/part-1/alcal-de-henares/": {"t": "Alcalá de Henares", "s": "Spanish municipality with a UNESCO-listed historic centre and historic university."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/part-1/holy-orders/": {"t": "Holy orders", "s": "Ordained ministries of bishop, priest, and deacon in Christian churches."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/aristocracy/": {"t": "aristocracy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/part-1/baeza-spain/": {"t": "Baeza, Spain", "s": "Andalusian city famed for Renaissance architecture and UNESCO listing."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/part-1/teresa-of-vila/": {"t": "teresa-of-vila", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/catholic-popes-cardinals/e/part-1/pope-benedict-xvi/": {"t": "pope-benedict-xvi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/part-1/archbishop-of-canterbury/": {"t": "archbishop-of-canterbury", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/part-1/anselm-of-canterbury/": {"t": "Anselm of Canterbury", "s": "Benedictine abbot, philosopher, theologian, and Archbishop of Canterbury known for the ontological argument and satisfaction theory of atonement."}, 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"https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/part-1/eucharist.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/e/part-1/thomas-cranmer/": {"t": "thomas-cranmer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/pink-floyd/e/places/cambridge/": {"t": "Cambridge", "s": "The schoolhouse furnace where future legends learned to conform and revolt."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/alsace/": {"t": "alsace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/part-1/thomas-aquinas/": {"t": "thomas-aquinas", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/part-1/exegesis/": {"t": "Exegesis", "s": "Critical interpretation of texts, from Bible to ancient cuneiform."}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/part-1/electorate-of-cologne/": {"t": "electorate-of-cologne", "s": ""}, "/e/part-1/johann-eck/": {"t": "Johann Eck", "s": "German Catholic theologian and opponent 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{"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/protestantism/": {"t": "protestantism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/part-1/apologetics/": {"t": "Apologetics", "s": "Defense of religious doctrines through systematic argumentation."}, "https://codexery.com/german-folklore/e/part-1/saint-boniface/": {"t": "saint-boniface", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dante-alighieri/": {"t": "Dante Alighieri", "s": "Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/part-1/abbey/": {"t": "abbey", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/part-1/concubinage/": {"t": "concubinage", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/al-ghazali/": {"t": "Al-Ghazali", "s": "Proof of Islam and renewer of the faith"}, "https://codexery.com/catholic-popes-cardinals/e/part-1/pope-francis/": {"t": "pope-francis", "s": ""}, "/e/part-1/peter-canisius/": {"t": "Peter Canisius", "s": "The Dutch Jesuit whose catechisms and preaching rebuilt Catholicism in German lands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-renaissance-theologians/img/part-1/peter-canisius.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Peter Canisius · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/part-1/duchy-of-savoy/": {"t": "duchy-of-savoy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classes-of-angels/e/part-1/guardian-angel/": {"t": "guardian-angel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/part-1/john-iii-of-portugal/": {"t": "John III of Portugal", "s": "King of Portugal who expanded the empire globally."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/part-1/francis-de-sales/": {"t": "francis-de-sales", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/part-1/siege-of-jerusalem-1099/": {"t": "Siege of Jerusalem (1099)", "s": "The siege of Jerusalem marked the successful end of the First Crusade."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/francophonie/": {"t": "Francophonie", "s": "The global community of French speakers and organizations."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/auvergne/": {"t": "auvergne", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/part-1/picardy/": {"t": "picardy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/anna-komnene/": {"t": "anna-komnene", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/part-1/alexiad/": {"t": "alexiad", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/pope-urban-ii/": {"t": "Pope Urban II", "s": "Pope who launched the First Crusade"}, "https://codexery.com/spirits/e/part-1/holy-spirit-in-christianity/": {"t": "Holy Spirit in Christianity", "s": "Third Person of the Trinity, giver of life and divine helper.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spirits/img/part-1/holy-spirit-in-christianity.webp", "c": "Nheyob · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/part-1/sava/": {"t": "Sava", "s": "Longest tributary of the Danube, flowing through four countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/part-1/sava.webp", "c": "Petar Milošević · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/part-1/alexios-i-komnenos/": {"t": "alexios-i-komnenos", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/slavs/": {"t": "slavs", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/south-slavs/": {"t": "south-slavs", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/part-1/bosporus/": {"t": "Bosporus", "s": "The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and dividing Europe from Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/part-1/siege-of-antioch/": {"t": "Siege of Antioch", "s": "The two sieges of Antioch during the First Crusade, culminating in the Crusader victory and the establishment of the Principality of Antioch."}}