Medical Triads Codexery

Guillain–Barré syndrome

Rapid-onset muscle weakness from immune attack on peripheral nerves.

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The peripheral nervous system is damaged by the immune system, leading to Guillain–Barré syndrome, which presents as quickly developing muscle weakness.[1] Respiratory muscle weakness severe enough to need mechanical ventilation occurs in about 15% of individuals, making the condition potentially fatal.[1] Roughly 7.5% of patients worldwide die from the syndrome.[2]

Key facts and history

In 1916, Georges Guillain, Jean Alexandre Barré, and André Strohl diagnosed two soldiers and described albuminocytological dissociation.[3] Intravenous immunoglobulins were introduced in 1988.[4] The initial description of this disorder was published in 1859 by Jean-Baptiste Octave Landry.[3] Following cases linked to the swine flu vaccination, diagnostic criteria were established in the late 1970s.[4]

The year 1978 saw the first application of plasma exchange, with larger trials in 1985 confirming its effectiveness.[4] The axonal form of the syndrome was initially reported in 1986.[5] Prior to the onset of Guillain–Barré syndrome, an infection is experienced by two-thirds of those affected.[6] Campylobacter jejuni bacteria are responsible for triggering about 30% of all cases.[6]

Annual incidence rates in Western nations range from 0.89 to 1.89 new cases per 100,000 individuals.[7]

What the research sources say

The GBS|CIDP Foundation International brings patients, care partners, and medical professionals together with support for people living with Guillain-Barré Syndrome.[8] EPODIN strives to strengthen the patient’s voice for each European citizen living with a rare immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy.[9] Symptoms in coonhounds typically progress over 4–5 days, although it can take up to 10 days for maximum symptoms to appear.[10]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016; "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016; "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016; Ferri, "Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2016, p. 529; "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016; "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016; Ferri, "Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2016, p. 529; "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet", NIAMS, June 1, 2016; "Population incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Neuroepidemiology, 2011, p. 123–33 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Landry, "Note sur la paralysie ascendante aiguë", Gazette Hebdomadaire de Médecine et de Chirurgie, 1859, p. 472–474, 486–488; "Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome", The Lancet. Neurology, October 2008, p. 939–50; "Guillain Barré syndrome and other immune mediated neuropathies: diagnosis and classification", Autoimmunity Reviews, April 2014, p. 525–30; "Sur un syndrome de radiculonévrite avec hyperalbuminose du liquide céphalo-rachidien sans réaction cellulaire. Remarques sur les caractères en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis", Nature Reviews. Neurology, August 2014, p. 469–82; "Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barré syndrome", Annals of Neurology, 1990, p. S21-4; "Guillain-Barré syndrome and Fisher syndrome: case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data", Vaccine, January 2011, p. 599–612; "Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis", Nature Reviews. Neurology, August en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome: anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome", Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, May 2013, p. 576–83; "An unusual variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis (syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia)", The New England Journal of Medicine, July 1956, p. 57–65; "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome: anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome", Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, May 2013, p. 576–83; "Mesencephalitis and rhombencephalitis", British en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis", Nature Reviews. Neurology, August 2014, p. 469–82 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Guillain–Barré syndrome" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Population incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Neuroepidemiology, 2011, p. 123–33; "Population incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Neuroepidemiology, 2011, p. 123–33; "Guillain-Barré syndrome", The New England Journal of Medicine, June 2012, p. 2294–304 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. "Home", GBS/CIDP Foundation International. facts only, no text reused. gbs-cidp.org
  9. "Epodin", Epodin. facts only, no text reused. epodin.org
  10. "Coonhound Paralysis", VCA Animal Hospital. facts only, no text reused. vcahospitals.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Guillain–Barré syndrome (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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