{"/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/therapy/": {"t": "Therapy", "s": "Therapy is the attempted remediation of a health problem."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/medical-emergencies/carbon-monoxide-poisoning/": {"t": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "s": "A common, often fatal poisoning from colorless, odorless carbon monoxide gas."}, "https://codexery.com/ailments-of-unknown-cause/e/ailments-of-unknown-cause/cluster-headache/": {"t": "Cluster headache", "s": "A neurological disorder causing severe, recurring unilateral headaches."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/anesthesia/": {"t": "Anesthesia", "s": "Controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness for medical or veterinary purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/occupational-diseases/e/occupational-diseases/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/": {"t": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "s": "A progressive lung disease causing breathing difficulty and airflow obstruction."}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-diseases/e/respiratory-diseases/oxygen-toxicity/": {"t": "Oxygen toxicity", "s": "Harm from breathing oxygen at increased partial pressures."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/respiratory-failure/": {"t": "Respiratory failure", "s": "Respiratory failure impairs blood oxygen or carbon dioxide levels.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/respiratory-failure.webp", "c": "National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NIH) · via Wikipedia: Respiratory failure · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiac-arrest/": {"t": "Cardiac arrest", "s": "Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart function."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/major-trauma/": {"t": "Major trauma", "s": "Any injury with potential for prolonged disability or death."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/medical-emergencies/anaphylaxis/": {"t": "Anaphylaxis", "s": "A rapid, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate medical care."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/bleeding/": {"t": "Bleeding", "s": "Blood escaping from damaged vessels; hemostasis is critical."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/shock-circulatory/": {"t": "Shock (circulatory)", "s": "A medical emergency from insufficient blood flow to tissues."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hypothermia/": {"t": "Hypothermia", "s": "A medical condition defined by a core body temperature below 35.0 °C, with symptoms ranging from shivering to cardiac arrest."}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/effects-of-external-causes/decompression-sickness/": {"t": "Decompression sickness", "s": "Decompression sickness is caused by gas bubbles forming in body tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/img/effects-of-external-causes/decompression-sickness.webp", "c": "玄史生 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/emphysema/": {"t": "Emphysema", "s": "A progressive lung disease marked by enlarged alveoli and reduced gas exchange."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/alternative-medicine/": {"t": "Alternative medicine", "s": "Practices claiming healing effects without scientific evidence or plausibility.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/alternative-medicine.webp", "c": "FBenjr123 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-organization/": {"t": "World Health Organization", "s": "UN agency coordinating global health responses and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-sensations/e/symptoms-and-sensations/nausea/": {"t": "Nausea", "s": "A diffuse sensation of unease and urge to vomit."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/depression-mood/": {"t": "Depression (mood)", "s": "A mental state of low mood and aversion to activity."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/general-health-and-wellness/appetite/": {"t": "Appetite", "s": "Desire to eat, regulating energy intake across higher life-forms."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries/e/injuries/catastrophic-injury/": {"t": "Catastrophic injury", "s": "Severe injury to spine, spinal cord, or brain from sports."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/national-health-service/": {"t": "National Health Service", "s": "Four publicly funded healthcare systems serving the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples", "s": "Indigenous peoples are diverse groups with ancestral ties to traditional territories."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/poverty/": {"t": "Poverty", "s": "A condition of lacking financial resources and essentials for basic living."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/david-bowie/": {"t": "David Bowie", "s": "The chameleon of rock who reinvented music and culture."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/physical-examination/": {"t": "Physical examination", "s": "A medical checkup for signs or symptoms of disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/physical-examination.webp", "c": "Harris & Ewing, photographer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/touch/": {"t": "Touch", "s": "The somatosensory system mediates touch, pain, temperature, and body position."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-perception/": {"t": "Visual perception", "s": "Visual perception is the active process of interpreting light to form meaningful representations of the environment."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/medical-imaging/": {"t": "Medical imaging", "s": "Technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/medical-imaging.webp", "c": "Harrison Keely · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system/e/symptoms-and-signs-digestive-system-and-abdomen/abdominal-distension/": {"t": "Abdominal distension", "s": "Abdominal distension is often described as feeling bloated."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/hernia/": {"t": "Hernia", "s": "Abnormal exit of tissue through the wall of its cavity."}, "https://codexery.com/dislocations-sprains-and-strains/e/dislocations-sprains-and-strains/joint-dislocation/": {"t": "Joint dislocation", "s": "Abnormal separation of bones at a joint, often from trauma."}, "https://codexery.com/bone-fractures/e/bone-fractures/bone-fracture/": {"t": "Bone fracture", "s": "A break in bone continuity requiring medical attention."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/neoplasm/": {"t": "Neoplasm", "s": "An abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/neoplasm.webp", "c": "Shibata, Hideki; Ohike, Nobuyuki; Norose, Tomoko; Isobe, Tomohide; Suzuki, Reika · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/abdomen/": {"t": "Abdomen", "s": "The abdomen contains digestive organs and core muscles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/abdomen.webp", "c": "Goleisureintl · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/fetus/": {"t": "Fetus", "s": "Unborn offspring of viviparous animals, developing from embryo to birth."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/screening-medicine/": {"t": "Screening (medicine)", "s": "Testing asymptomatic individuals to detect disease early.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/screening-medicine.webp", "c": "Knowledge and philosophy · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/cervical-screening/": {"t": "Cervical screening", "s": "Cervical screening identifies risk of cervical cancer through molecular, cytologic, or visual inspection tests."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/uterus/": {"t": "Uterus", "s": "Organ for embryonic and fetal development in female mammals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/uterus.webp", "c": "DeuxPlusQuatre · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/cervical-cancer/": {"t": "Cervical cancer", "s": "Cervical cancer is a preventable HPV-linked cancer of the cervix."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/vagina/": {"t": "Vagina", "s": "Elastic muscular canal for copulation, birth, and menstruation."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/microscope/": {"t": "Microscope", "s": "Instrument for viewing objects invisible to the naked eye.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/microscope.webp", "c": "Chad Anderson, staff photographer for SFO Museum · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/cervical-intraepithelial-neoplasia/": {"t": "Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia", "s": "Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition of the cervix caused by HPV, graded 1–3, with treatment typically starting at CIN 2+."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/human-papillomavirus-infection/": {"t": "Human papillomavirus infection", "s": "Most common sexually transmitted infection, linked to several cancers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/img/viral-infections/human-papillomavirus-infection.webp", "c": "NIAID · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/adult/": {"t": "Adult", "s": "A stage of life defined by biology, law, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/reproductive-biology/e/reproductive-biology/vulva/": {"t": "Vulva", "s": "External female genital structures with protective and reproductive functions."}, "https://codexery.com/obstetrics-and-gynaecology-organizations/e/obstetrics-and-gynaecology-organizations/american-college-of-obstetricians-and-gynecologists/": {"t": "American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists", "s": "Professional association of U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists founded in 1951."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/hpv-vaccine/": {"t": "HPV vaccine", "s": "HPV vaccines prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/adenocarcinoma/": {"t": "Adenocarcinoma", "s": "A malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue occurring in many organs."}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/pathology/bethesda-system/": {"t": "Bethesda system", "s": "Standardized reporting for cervical and thyroid cytopathology."}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/candida-albicans/": {"t": "Candida albicans", "s": "Opportunistic yeast causing candidiasis; model fungal pathogen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/img/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/candida-albicans.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/palpation/": {"t": "Palpation", "s": "Using hands to feel the body for diagnosis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/palpation.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/avicenna/": {"t": "Avicenna", "s": "Preeminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cholesterol/": {"t": "Cholesterol", "s": "Essential animal sterol; precursor for hormones and vitamin D."}, "https://codexery.com/disability/e/disability/disability/": {"t": "Disability", "s": "Disability is a complex social identity shaped by history, theory, and activism."}, "https://codexery.com/occupational-diseases/e/occupational-diseases/occupational-disease/": {"t": "Occupational disease", "s": "Chronic ailment caused by work or occupational activity."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hypertension/": {"t": "Hypertension", "s": "Persistently elevated arterial blood pressure, often symptomless, causing major health risks."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-pressure/": {"t": "Blood pressure", "s": "A vital sign measuring pressure of circulating blood against vessel walls."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-urinary-system/e/symptoms-and-signs-urinary-system/uremia/": {"t": "Uremia", "s": "High blood urea from kidney failure, causing systemic symptoms."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/percussion-medicine/": {"t": "Percussion (medicine)", "s": "A tapping technique to assess underlying body structures."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/radiography/": {"t": "Radiography", "s": "Imaging the unseen with X-rays and radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/preventive-healthcare/": {"t": "Preventive healthcare", "s": "Preventive healthcare uses anticipatory actions—primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary—to prevent disease and promote well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/orthopedics/": {"t": "Orthopedics", "s": "Branch of surgery treating musculoskeletal conditions, from trauma to congenital disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/orthopedics.webp", "c": "掬茶 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/neurology/": {"t": "Neurology", "s": "Branch of medicine for nervous system disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/neurology.webp", "c": "Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/geriatrics/": {"t": "Geriatrics", "s": "Medical specialty focused on older adults' health needs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/geriatrics.webp", "c": "Ashashyou · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/pediatrics/": {"t": "Pediatrics", "s": "Branch of medicine for the medical care of children and young adults."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hippocrates/": {"t": "Hippocrates", "s": "Father of Medicine who separated medicine from religion and emphasized natural causes of disease."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/galen/": {"t": "Galen", "s": "Roman and Greek physician whose medical theories dominated for over 1,300 years."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/gout/": {"t": "Gout", "s": "Inflammatory arthritis from uric acid crystal deposition."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/sense/": {"t": "Sense", "s": "Biological systems for gathering and processing environmental information."}, "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/e/aging-associated-diseases/arthritis/": {"t": "Arthritis", "s": "A joint disorder from cartilage loss causing bone-on-bone grinding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aging-associated-diseases/img/aging-associated-diseases/arthritis.webp", "c": "Alfred Loomis & William Thompson · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/e/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/osteoporosis/": {"t": "Osteoporosis", "s": "A systemic skeletal disorder increasing fracture risk, common in the elderly.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/img/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/osteoporosis.webp", "c": "https://www.myupchar.com/en · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/oncology/": {"t": "Oncology", "s": "Branch of medicine focused on cancer care and research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/oncology.webp", "c": "Harutyun Nalbandyan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/radiology/": {"t": "Radiology", "s": "Medical specialty using imaging to diagnose and guide treatment."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/palliative-care/": {"t": "Palliative care", "s": "Interdisciplinary care optimizing quality of life in serious illness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/palliative-care.webp", "c": "Jwslubbock · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/surgery/": {"t": "Surgery", "s": "Surgery is a medical specialty using manual techniques to treat conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/pain/trigeminal-neuralgia/": {"t": "Trigeminal neuralgia", "s": "A chronic pain disorder of the trigeminal nerve causing severe facial pain."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/head-and-neck-cancer/": {"t": "Head and neck cancer", "s": "A group of cancers affecting the head and neck region."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/breast-cancer/": {"t": "Breast cancer", "s": "A cancer from breast tissue; leading cancer in women."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/angioplasty/": {"t": "Angioplasty", "s": "Minimally invasive procedure to widen narrowed blood vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/necrosis/": {"t": "Necrosis", "s": "Unregulated cell death causing inflammation and tissue damage."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiogenic-shock/": {"t": "Cardiogenic shock", "s": "A life-threatening condition from heart pump failure."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/drug-interaction/": {"t": "Drug interaction", "s": "Drug interactions alter drug effects via pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/anticoagulant/": {"t": "Anticoagulant", "s": "Substances that prevent or reduce blood coagulation."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/stroke/": {"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/adverse-effect/": {"t": "Adverse effect", "s": "Harmful outcomes from medical treatments or interventions."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-diseases/e/cardiovascular-diseases/door-to-balloon/": {"t": "Door-to-balloon", "s": "Time measurement from ED arrival to guidewire crossing in STEMI."}, "https://codexery.com/heart-disease-organizations/e/heart-disease-organizations/american-college-of-cardiology/": {"t": "American College of Cardiology", "s": "Nonprofit medical association credentialing cardiovascular specialists since 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/aspirin/": {"t": "Aspirin", "s": "A widely used NSAID with antithrombotic properties."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/abscess/": {"t": "Abscess", "s": "A pus-filled pocket caused by infection, often requiring drainage."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-cell-biology/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/microorganism/": {"t": "Microorganism", "s": "Microscopic organisms that shape life, health, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/tooth-decay/": {"t": "Tooth decay", "s": "Bacterial acid destroys tooth hard tissues, causing cavities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/injuries-and-conditions/tooth-decay.webp", "c": "தகவலுழவன் · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/lidocaine/": {"t": "Lidocaine", "s": "A widely used local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/local-anesthetic/": {"t": "Local anesthetic", "s": "Medication causing local loss of sensation without unconsciousness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/img/medications-and-drugs/local-anesthetic.webp", "c": "Seaborg · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/base-chemistry/": {"t": "Base (chemistry)", "s": "Substances that react with acids, accepting protons or donating electron pairs."}, "https://codexery.com/sodium-compounds/e/sodium-compounds/sodium-hypochlorite/": {"t": "Sodium hypochlorite", "s": "Alkaline compound used as bleach and disinfectant; household use became widespread in the early 20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/e/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/scoliosis/": {"t": "Scoliosis", "s": "A spinal condition with irregular curvature, often of unknown cause.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/img/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/scoliosis.webp", "c": "Hwhwh27 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/randomized-controlled-trial/": {"t": "Randomized controlled trial", "s": "A statistical experiment using random allocation to reduce bias."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer/": {"t": "Prostate cancer", "s": "Prostate cancer: uncontrolled growth of prostate cells, often detected by PSA screening.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer.webp", "c": "Cancer Research UK · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/observational-study/": {"t": "Observational study", "s": "Observational studies infer without experimental control."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/transplantation-medicine/": {"t": "Transplantation (medicine)", "s": "Transplantation replaces damaged functions using organs or tissues from donors."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/stem-cell/": {"t": "Stem cell", "s": "Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types."}, "https://codexery.com/immune-system-disorders/e/immune-system-disorders/autoimmune-disease/": {"t": "Autoimmune disease", "s": "The adaptive immune system attacks the body's own tissues."}, "https://codexery.com/immune-system-disorders/e/immune-system-disorders/immune-mediated-inflammatory-diseases/": {"t": "Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases", "s": "IMIDs are inflammatory conditions from immune dysregulation, affecting 3-7% of people."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/apoptosis/": {"t": "Apoptosis", "s": "Programmed cell death: a regulated process essential for life and implicated in disease."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/alzheimer-s-disease/": {"t": "Alzheimer's disease", "s": "A progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia."}, "https://codexery.com/cellular-biology/e/cellular-biology/cell-death/": {"t": "Cell death", "s": "Cell death is the cessation of a cell's functions."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/hematopoietic-stem-cell/": {"t": "Hematopoietic stem cell", "s": "Stem cells that produce all blood cells through haematopoiesis."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/king-s-college-london/": {"t": "King's College London", "s": "Founded 1829; founding college of University of London."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/cadaver/": {"t": "Cadaver", "s": "A dead human body used for study and medical advancement."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cartilage/": {"t": "Cartilage", "s": "Resilient connective tissue covering joints and supporting body structures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cartilage.webp", "c": "Cristobal carrasco (originale); Fabyrav · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/e/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/osteoarthritis/": {"t": "Osteoarthritis", "s": "Degenerative joint disease causing pain and disability worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/img/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/osteoarthritis.webp", "c": "InjuryMap · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/vasectomy/": {"t": "Vasectomy", "s": "Permanent male sterilization via sealing the vasa deferentia."}, "https://codexery.com/reproductive-biology/e/reproductive-biology/human-reproduction/": {"t": "Human reproduction", "s": "Biological process of fertilization, gestation, and childbirth in humans."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/correlation/": {"t": "Correlation", "s": "Correlation measures linear relationships but does not imply causation."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/causality/": {"t": "Causality", "s": "Causality is the influence by which a cause produces an effect."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/one-child-policy/": {"t": "One-child policy", "s": "A population control policy restricting many families to one child."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/endometriosis/": {"t": "Endometriosis", "s": "A chronic disease where uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/family-planning/": {"t": "Family planning", "s": "Regulating the number and spacing of births through various methods."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/minority-group/": {"t": "Minority group", "s": "A group experiencing disadvantage relative to a dominant social group."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/indiana/": {"t": "Indiana", "s": "Midwestern state known as the Hoosier State, admitted in 1816.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/indiana.webp", "c": "Riker, Dorothy Lois, 1904; Indiana. Governor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medical-specialty/": {"t": "Medical specialty", "s": "Medical specialties focus practice on defined patient groups or diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/bariatric-surgery/": {"t": "Bariatric surgery", "s": "Surgical procedures to manage obesity and related conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/clinic/": {"t": "Clinic", "s": "Health facility focused on outpatient care, from general practice to specialist services."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/hemostasis/": {"t": "Hemostasis", "s": "The body's innate process to stop bleeding and begin wound healing."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-donation/": {"t": "Blood donation", "s": "Voluntary blood collection for transfusions and medical products."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polyethylene-glycol/": {"t": "Polyethylene glycol", "s": "A versatile polyether used in medicine, industry, and preservation."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/local-anesthesia/": {"t": "Local anesthesia", "s": "Technique for reversible loss of sensation in a specific body part.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/img/medications-and-drugs/local-anesthesia.webp", "c": "Richard Balikian MD · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/cauterization/": {"t": "Cauterization", "s": "Ancient medical technique of burning tissue to treat wounds."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/origin-myths/e/origin-myths/etiology/": {"t": "Etiology", "s": "Study of causes, origins, or reasons behind phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/common-infections-and-diseases/e/common-infections-and-diseases/viral-disease/": {"t": "Viral disease", "s": "Disease caused by pathogenic virus invasion of host cells."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/influenza/": {"t": "Influenza", "s": "A viral respiratory disease causing seasonal epidemics and pandemics."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/rift-valley-fever/": {"t": "Rift Valley fever", "s": "Viral disease of humans and livestock in Africa and Arabia."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/tendinopathy/": {"t": "Tendinopathy", "s": "A tendon disorder causing pain, swelling, and impaired function.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/injuries-and-conditions/tendinopathy.webp", "c": "Emilios Pakos1, Ioannis Gkiatas1*, Georgios Rakkas2, Dimitrios Papadopoulos1, Io · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/central-nervous-system/": {"t": "Central nervous system", "s": "Central nervous system integrates and coordinates body activity."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-sensations/e/symptoms-and-sensations/dizziness/": {"t": "Dizziness", "s": "A common medical complaint with four main subtypes."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/holism/": {"t": "Holism", "s": "Systems possess properties as wholes beyond their parts."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematical-logic-and-computation/e/mathematical-logic-and-computation/algorithm/": {"t": "Algorithm", "s": "A finite sequence of logical instructions for solving problems."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/side-effect/": {"t": "Side effect", "s": "Unintended effects of drugs, often adverse but sometimes beneficial."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medication/": {"t": "Medication", "s": "Substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/human-variation-and-health/medication.webp", "c": "Samsule2 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/human-tooth/": {"t": "Human tooth", "s": "Hard structures that mechanically break down food for digestion."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacist/": {"t": "Pharmacist", "s": "Healthcare professional who dispenses medications and provides pharmaceutical care."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/smoking-cessation/": {"t": "Smoking cessation", "s": "Process of discontinuing tobacco smoking to improve health."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/dosage-form/": {"t": "Dosage form", "s": "Pharmaceutical drug products presented in specific forms for use."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-sensations/e/symptoms-and-sensations/rash/": {"t": "Rash", "s": "A change in skin color, appearance, or texture with many possible causes."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/particle/": {"t": "Particle", "s": "A particle is a separate part of a larger system."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacokinetics/": {"t": "Pharmacokinetics", "s": "Branch of pharmacology describing how the body affects substances."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/human-eye/": {"t": "Human eye", "s": "The human eye is a sensory organ in the visual system that reacts to visible light allowing eyesight."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/inflammation/": {"t": "Inflammation", "s": "Biological defence response of body tissues to harmful stimuli."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/dehydration/": {"t": "Dehydration", "s": "A lack of total body water disrupting metabolic processes."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/laryngoscopy/": {"t": "Laryngoscopy", "s": "Endoscopic procedure for viewing the larynx and vocal folds."}, "https://codexery.com/danish-inventions/e/danish-inventions/fiberscope/": {"t": "Fiberscope", "s": "Flexible optical bundle for inspecting hard-to-reach places."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/tissue-biology/": {"t": "Tissue (biology)", "s": "Tissue is an assembly of similar cells with a specific function."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/esophagus/": {"t": "Esophagus", "s": "A fibromuscular tube transporting food from pharynx to stomach."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/oxygen-therapy/": {"t": "Oxygen therapy", "s": "Medical use of oxygen as treatment for hypoxemia and other conditions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/oxygen-therapy.webp", "c": "X1987x · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitrous-oxide/": {"t": "Nitrous oxide", "s": "A gas with medical, recreational, and industrial uses."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/altered-level-of-consciousness/": {"t": "Altered level of consciousness", "s": "A measure of reduced arousability and responsiveness to stimuli."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/coma/": {"t": "Coma", "s": "A prolonged state of deep unconsciousness with no wakefulness or awareness."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/e/musculoskeletal-system-and-orthopedics/polytrauma/": {"t": "Polytrauma", "s": "Medical condition of multiple traumatic injuries, often from combat or crashes."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia/": {"t": "Pneumonia", "s": "Inflammatory lung condition primarily affecting alveoli, caused by infection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-diseases/e/respiratory-diseases/hypercapnia/": {"t": "Hypercapnia", "s": "Elevated blood carbon dioxide from hypoventilation or CO2 inhalation."}, "https://codexery.com/traumatology/e/traumatology/penetrating-trauma/": {"t": "Penetrating trauma", "s": "Open wound injury from object piercing skin and entering tissue."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/species/": {"t": "Species", "s": "Basic unit of classification and biodiversity."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/skin-grafting/": {"t": "Skin grafting", "s": "Surgical transplantation of skin to repair damaged tissue.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/skin-grafting.webp", "c": "Jmelendres · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/bioethics/": {"t": "Bioethics", "s": "Field studying ethical issues in health, biology, and medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/immunology/": {"t": "Immunology", "s": "The study of immune systems in all organisms, from ancient observations to modern immunotherapy."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein/": {"t": "Protein", "s": "Essential biomolecules that catalyze, structure, and regulate life."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-type/": {"t": "Blood type", "s": "Classification of blood based on inherited antigens and antibodies."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/biopsy/": {"t": "Biopsy", "s": "A medical test extracting cells or tissues for disease diagnosis."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/obesity/": {"t": "Obesity", "s": "A medical condition of excess body fat with serious health impacts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/obesity.webp", "c": "Diabetes · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/e/belgian-inventions/body-mass-index/": {"t": "Body mass index", "s": "A simple ratio of weight to height used for population classification.", "i": "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/img/belgian-inventions/body-mass-index.webp", "c": "InvictaHOG · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/": {"t": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "s": "First and only nuclear attacks in war, ending World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki.webp", "c": "Government Printing Office · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/korean-war/": {"t": "Korean War", "s": "A frozen conflict that divided a peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/vietnam-war/": {"t": "Vietnam War", "s": "Cold War proxy war ending in communist victory across Indochina."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/september-11-attacks/": {"t": "September 11 attacks", "s": "Coordinated al-Qaeda suicide hijackings killed nearly 3,000 people."}, "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/e/personal-care-and-hygiene/personal-protective-equipment/": {"t": "Personal protective equipment", "s": "Barrier protection against workplace and recreational hazards."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/machine-learning/": {"t": "Machine learning", "s": "Statistical algorithms that learn from data without explicit programming."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/sterilization-medicine/": {"t": "Sterilization (medicine)", "s": "Medical methods of permanent birth control for males and females."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/sexual-intercourse/": {"t": "Sexual intercourse", "s": "An intimate activity with varied definitions and cultural significance."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medical-doctor/": {"t": "Medical doctor", "s": "Health professional who practices medicine to promote and restore health."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/infertility/": {"t": "Infertility", "s": "Infertility is the inability to reproduce, defined in humans as failure to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/testosterone/": {"t": "Testosterone", "s": "Primary male sex hormone influencing development, behavior, and health.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/testosterone.webp", "c": "U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/penis/": {"t": "Penis", "s": "Male intromittent organ for insemination across vertebrates and invertebrates."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/macrophage/": {"t": "Macrophage", "s": "White blood cells that engulf pathogens and regulate immune responses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/macrophage.webp", "c": "Noah Smith · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/epithelium/": {"t": "Epithelium", "s": "Protective layer of cells lining body surfaces and cavities."}, "https://codexery.com/chronic-pain-syndromes/e/chronic-pain-syndromes/post-vasectomy-pain-syndrome/": {"t": "Post-vasectomy pain syndrome", "s": "Chronic genital pain syndrome after vasectomy."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/w-b-yeats/": {"t": "W. B. Yeats", "s": "Irish poet, dramatist, and Nobel laureate."}}