Transplantation (medicine)
Transplantation replaces damaged functions using organs or tissues from donors.
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Transplantation involves replacing non-functional cells, tissues or organs with healthy counterparts obtained through voluntary donation.[1] The heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, thymus, and uterus are among the organs that have been successfully transplanted.[2]
Quick Facts
- Most commonly transplanted tissues
- cornea and musculoskeletal grafts
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
Recent advances include xenotransplantation, machine perfusion, and normothermic ex-vivo perfusion systems.[3] A declaration of brain death applies to the majority of deceased donors.[4] In the US, brain death accounts for under 3% of all fatalities, leading to a significant scarcity of organs.[4] Up to 24 hours after cardiac arrest, tissues can be retrieved from donors who succumbed to circulatory or brain death.[5]
The OPTN reported that, as of September 9, 2022, the cumulative number of transplants in the United States had reached one million.[3] Bioethical concerns in transplantation encompass the determination of death, consent procedures, financial compensation for organs, and the issue of organ trafficking.[5][6]
What the research sources say
The WHO states that transplantation is often the best – and only – way to save lives for people with serious or life-threatening diseases and injuries.[1] The WHO notes that growth and development of transplantation worldwide is highly unequal and faces challenges including lack of national strategies and inadequate legislation.[1] The WHO reports that research into alternatives like xenotransplantation or bioengineered materials is progressing.[1] The WHO emphasizes that kidney transplantation has better outcomes than dialysis in terms of survival, quality of life and cost-effectiveness.[1]
A 2016 Stanford Medicine News Center account describes a domino transplantation where one woman received a heart-lung transplant while her existing heart was given to another patient.[7] The Stanford account notes that the first patient's heart was displaced by her lung disease, making a heart-lung transplant the only viable option.[7] According to the Stanford account, both individuals who received transplants recovered well and met each other six weeks after their operations were performed simultaneously.[7][8]
References
- "Transplantation", www.who.int. facts only, no text reused. who.int
- Wikipedia, "Transplantation (medicine)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Transplantation", www.who.int; "International Report on Organ Donation and Transplantation 2022", www.transplant-observatory.org; "Perspectives", Harvard Medical School Quarterly, Winter 1985; Black, "Solid organ transplantation in the 21st century", Annals of Translational Medicine, October 2018, p. 409 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Transplantation (medicine)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "United States reaches milestone of one million organ transplants - OPTN", optn.transplant.hrsa.gov; McCarthy, "Achieving Equity in Organ Transplantation", American Journal of Transplantation, 2023-02-01, p. 185–187; "Transplantation", World Health Organization; Reese, "Solid organ transplantation in the 21st century", Annals of Internal Medicine, 2018-10-30, p. HO2–HO3; Hawthorne, "World first pig-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation", Xenotransplantation, January 2022 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Transplantation (medicine)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ackerman, "Organ donation after trauma: A 30-year review", Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, July 2019, p. 130–133 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Transplantation (medicine)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: See WHO Guiding Principles on human cell, tissue and organ transplantation, Annexed to World Health Organization, 2008.; Further sources in the Bibliography on Ethics of the WHO . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Transplantation (medicine)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: See Organ trafficking and transplantation pose new challenges .; Heart of the matter, The Guardian [UK], Simon Garfield, 6 April 2008. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- After rare procedure, woman can hear her heart beat in another, Stanford Medicine News Center, Sara Wykes, 29 March 2016.. facts only, no text reused. med.stanford.edu
- Wikipedia, "Transplantation (medicine)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: After rare procedure, woman can hear her heart beat in another, Stanford Medicine News Center, Sara Wykes, 29 March 2016. (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Transplantation (medicine) (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Transplantation (medicine) (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Word definitions: the , each quoted from its Wikipedia article.
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