{"https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/minor-planet/": {"t": "Minor planet", "s": "A Sun-orbiting body that is neither a planet nor a comet."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/comet/": {"t": "Comet", "s": "Icy wanderers that bloom when near the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/uranus/": {"t": "Uranus", "s": "The seventh planet, a tilted ice giant with extreme seasons."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/jupiter/": {"t": "Jupiter", "s": "Largest planet in the Solar System, a gas giant with a Great Red Spot."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/meteor-showers/e/meteor-showers/meteor-shower/": {"t": "Meteor shower", "s": "Meteor showers are celestial events caused by debris entering Earth's atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/draco/": {"t": "Draco", "s": "A northern constellation named for the Greco-Latin word for serpent or dragon."}, "/e/mars/geology-of-mars/": {"t": "Geology of Mars", "s": "Study of Mars' surface, crust, interior, and geologic history."}, "https://codexery.com/ground-robots-and-military-robots/e/ground-robots-and-military-robots/themis/": {"t": "THeMIS", "s": "Estonian multi-mission UGV for military support and combat."}, "https://codexery.com/us-parks/e/us-national-parks/yellowstone/": {"t": "Yellowstone", "s": "First national park in the world, established in 1872.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-parks/img/us-national-parks/yellowstone.webp", "c": "Frank Schulenburg · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/impact-crater/": {"t": "Impact crater", "s": "A depression formed by hypervelocity impact of a smaller object."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/escarpment/": {"t": "Escarpment", "s": "A steep slope or long cliff separating two level areas."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/viking-program/": {"t": "Viking program", "s": "Two American probes that landed on Mars in 1976."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/mass-wasting/": {"t": "Mass wasting", "s": "Gravity-driven downslope movement of rock and soil."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-mars-rovers/": {"t": "The Mars rovers", "s": "Mars rovers are motorized vehicles operated remotely to explore the Martian surface."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/opportunity-rover/": {"t": "Opportunity (rover)", "s": "A robotic rover that explored Mars from 2004 to 2018, far exceeding its planned lifespan."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/basalt/": {"t": "Basalt", "s": "Fine-grained volcanic rock covering most of Earth's surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/basalt.webp", "c": "Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-ore-deposits/e/minerals-and-ore-deposits/silicate-mineral/": {"t": "Silicate mineral", "s": "Silicate minerals form 90% of Earth's crust."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/beagle-2/": {"t": "Beagle 2", "s": "British Mars lander lost after partial solar panel deployment."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/phoenix-spacecraft/": {"t": "Phoenix (spacecraft)", "s": "NASA's first polar Mars lander studied water ice and habitability."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/volcano/": {"t": "Volcano", "s": "A vent in a planet's crust that erupts magma."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/methane/": {"t": "Methane", "s": "Simplest alkane, main component of natural gas, potent greenhouse gas."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/colorado-plateau/": {"t": "Colorado Plateau", "s": "A high plateau bisected by the Grand Canyon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/colorado-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Plateau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/utah/": {"t": "Utah", "s": "A landlocked state shaped by Mormon settlement and desert geography."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/us-parks/e/us-national-parks/zion/": {"t": "Zion", "s": "A biblical placename for Jerusalem and the Land of Israel, rooted in ancient history and Jewish tradition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-parks/img/us-national-parks/zion.webp", "c": "Pierre André Leclercq · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost/": {"t": "Permafrost", "s": "Frozen ground that stores carbon and threatens infrastructure when thawed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost.webp", "c": "NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio - KBR Wyle Services, LLC/Kathryn Mersmann · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-artesian-basin/": {"t": "Great Artesian Basin", "s": "World's largest and deepest artesian basin, vital for inland Australia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-artesian-basin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Great Artesian Basin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "/e/mars/atmosphere-of-mars/": {"t": "Atmosphere of Mars", "s": "A thin, cold, carbon-dioxide-rich envelope with seasonal dust storms."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/ultraviolet-astronomy/": {"t": "Ultraviolet astronomy", "s": "Observing the hot, energetic universe in ultraviolet light."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-eccentricity/": {"t": "Orbital eccentricity", "s": "Parameter measuring deviation of an orbit from a perfect circle."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/hemispheres-of-earth/": {"t": "Hemispheres of Earth", "s": "Equal halves of Earth divided by latitude, longitude, or cultural lines."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/solstice/": {"t": "Solstice", "s": "Twice-yearly event when the Sun's declination appears to stand still."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-age/": {"t": "Ice age", "s": "A period of prolonged cooling leading to expansion of glaciers and ice caps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/ice-age.webp", "c": "Druyts.t · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/rayleigh-scattering/": {"t": "Rayleigh scattering", "s": "Rayleigh scattering explains why the sky is blue.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/img/optics-and-photonics/rayleigh-scattering.webp", "c": "Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-and-gems/e/minerals-and-gems/magnetite/": {"t": "Magnetite", "s": "Most magnetic naturally occurring mineral, key to paleomagnetism and compasses."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitrogen/": {"t": "Nitrogen", "s": "Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas forming 78% of Earth's air."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/water-vapor/": {"t": "Water vapor", "s": "The gaseous phase of water, a key greenhouse gas and component of Earth's hydrosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/noble-gas/": {"t": "Noble gas", "s": "Group 18 elements with full valence shells and low reactivity."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/effective-temperature/": {"t": "Effective temperature", "s": "Black-body temperature matching a star or planet's radiated energy."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/greenhouse-effect/": {"t": "Greenhouse effect", "s": "The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat by gases in a planet's atmosphere, raising its surface temperature."}, "/e/mars/dust-devil/": {"t": "Dust devil", "s": "A fair-weather whirlwind that can rarely become hazardous."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/dust-storm/": {"t": "Dust storm", "s": "Meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/dust-storm.webp", "c": "JULIANISME · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/mars/life-on-mars/": {"t": "Life on Mars", "s": "Mars may have hosted habitable conditions for microorganisms in the ancient past."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-sagan/": {"t": "Carl Sagan", "s": "American astronomer and influential science communicator."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/ionosphere/": {"t": "Ionosphere", "s": "Ionized upper atmosphere enabling long-distance radio propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/astrobiology-space-missions/e/astrobiology-space-missions/curiosity-rover/": {"t": "Curiosity (rover)", "s": "Mars rover exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp since 2012."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/optical-depth/": {"t": "Optical depth", "s": "Dimensionless measure of radiant power attenuation through a material."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/astronomical-seeing/": {"t": "Astronomical seeing", "s": "Atmospheric turbulence blurs astronomical images, limiting telescope resolution."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/arequipa/": {"t": "Arequipa", "s": "Second most populous city in Peru and its Legal Capital."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/paris-observatory/": {"t": "Paris Observatory", "s": "World's oldest active observatory, cornerstone of French astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/pic-du-midi-de-bigorre/": {"t": "Pic du Midi de Bigorre", "s": "High-altitude observatory in the French Pyrenees."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/scientific-american/": {"t": "Scientific American", "s": "Oldest continuously published U.S. magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-russel-wallace/": {"t": "Alfred Russel Wallace", "s": "English naturalist who co-discovered evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/spectroscopy/": {"t": "Spectroscopy", "s": "Spectroscopy measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra interacting with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/space-race/": {"t": "Space Race", "s": "Cold War competition for spaceflight supremacy between the US and USSR."}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes-of-the-1960s/e/nasa-space-probes-of-the-1960s/mariner-4/": {"t": "Mariner 4", "s": "First spacecraft to return close-up images of Mars."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/celsius/": {"t": "Celsius", "s": "Temperature scale named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/magnetic-field/": {"t": "Magnetic field", "s": "A vector field quantifying magnetic influence at a given location."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-and-gems/e/minerals-and-gems/magnesite/": {"t": "Magnesite", "s": "Magnesite is a magnesium carbonate mineral used in refractories and carbon sequestration."}, "/e/mars/iapygia-quadrangle/": {"t": "Iapygia quadrangle", "s": "Mars quadrangle with dikes, carbonates, and layered craters."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/chemical-decomposition/": {"t": "Chemical decomposition", "s": "Chemical decomposition breaks one reactant into multiple products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/chemical-decomposition.webp", "c": "Alice13281 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/sedimentation/": {"t": "Sedimentation", "s": "Deposition of particles from suspension by gravity or other forces."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-ore-deposits/e/minerals-and-ore-deposits/siderite/": {"t": "Siderite", "s": "Carbonate iron ore with historical steel-making significance."}, "/e/mars/margaritifer-sinus-quadrangle/": {"t": "Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle", "s": "Quadrangle with abundant signs of past water and clay."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/landform/": {"t": "Landform", "s": "Landforms are natural or human-influenced features of a planetary surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/landform.webp", "c": "Alex Liivet from Chester, United Kingdom · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-missions-to-mars/e/human-missions-to-mars/human-mission-to-mars/": {"t": "Human mission to Mars", "s": "Proposals to send astronauts to Mars have existed since the 1950s."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/political-science/": {"t": "Political science", "s": "Empirical study of politics, governance, and power."}, "https://codexery.com/human-missions-to-mars/e/human-missions-to-mars/mars-society/": {"t": "Mars Society", "s": "Advocating for human exploration and colonization of Mars."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/colonization-of-mars/": {"t": "Colonization of Mars", "s": "The Red Planet's frontier: challenges and dreams of a human settlement."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/tropical-year/": {"t": "Tropical year", "s": "Time for Sun to return to same seasonal position."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/tycho-brahe/": {"t": "Tycho Brahe", "s": "The greatest pre-telescopic astronomer", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/tycho-brahe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tycho Brahe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/people-associated-with-astronomical/e/people-associated-with-astronomical-catalogues/robert-grant-aitken/": {"t": "Robert Grant Aitken", "s": "American astronomer who catalogued thousands of double stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/io-moon/": {"t": "Io (moon)", "s": "Io is Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon, the most volcanically active body known."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/shield-volcano/": {"t": "Shield volcano", "s": "Broad, gently sloping volcanoes built by fluid lava flows.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/shield-volcano.webp", "c": "AmmarBanafea · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-field/": {"t": "Electric field", "s": "Electric fields arise from charges and exert forces on other charges."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-odyssey/": {"t": "The Odyssey", "s": "Ancient Greek epic of Odysseus's perilous homecoming journey."}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/insight/": {"t": "InSight", "s": "Lander that studied Mars' deep interior and detected marsquakes."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/oregon/": {"t": "Oregon", "s": "33rd state, known for Crater Lake and Mount Hood."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics/": {"t": "Plate tectonics", "s": "Scientific theory of Earth's moving lithospheric plates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics.webp", "c": "Surachit · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/non-newtonian-fluid/": {"t": "Non-Newtonian fluid", "s": "Fluids whose viscosity changes under stress or force."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/potassium/": {"t": "Potassium", "s": "Soft alkali metal essential to life and widely used in fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geophysics/": {"t": "Geophysics", "s": "The physical science of Earth and planetary processes"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/mineralogy/": {"t": "Mineralogy", "s": "Scientific study of minerals, their properties, and crystal structures."}, "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/e/maps-and-their-symbols/cartography/": {"t": "Cartography", "s": "The art and science of making and using maps."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/neologism/": {"t": "Neologism", "s": "A newly formed word gaining mainstream acceptance."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-kim-stanley-robinson/e/novels-by-kim-stanley-robinson/blue-mars-novel/": {"t": "Mars trilogy", "s": "A trilogy detailing the colonization and terraforming of Mars."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanism/": {"t": "Volcanism", "s": "Eruption of molten material from a planet or moon's interior."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/impact-event/": {"t": "Impact event", "s": "Collisions between astronomical objects that shape planets and life."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography.webp", "c": "NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/stress-mechanics/": {"t": "Stress (mechanics)", "s": "Physical quantity describing internal forces during material deformation."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/lithosphere/": {"t": "Lithosphere", "s": "The rigid outer shell of Earth, comprising the crust and lithospheric mantle."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/rift-valley/": {"t": "Rift valley", "s": "Linear lowland formed by tectonic pulling apart of the lithosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geomorphology/": {"t": "Geomorphology", "s": "Study of Earth's surface form and change."}, "https://codexery.com/impact-craters/e/impact-craters/multi-ringed-basin/": {"t": "Multi-ringed basin", "s": "A massive impact crater with multiple concentric mountain rings."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/alluvial-fan/": {"t": "Alluvial fan", "s": "Fan-shaped sediment deposits formed where confined channels widen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/alluvial-fan.webp", "c": "Page Quinton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/hot-spring/": {"t": "Hot spring", "s": "A spring produced by geothermally heated groundwater.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/hot-spring.webp", "c": "Continental Stereoscopic Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/landslide/": {"t": "Landslide", "s": "Mass wasting events driven by gravity and slope instability."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/mars-landing/": {"t": "Mars landing", "s": "Correcting the record on Mars landings"}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-constant/": {"t": "Gravitational constant", "s": "Fundamental constant quantifying gravitational force strength.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-constant.webp", "c": "National Institute of Standards and Technology · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-potential/": {"t": "Gravitational potential", "s": "Scalar potential representing work per unit mass in a gravitational field.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-potential.webp", "c": "MikeRun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/moment-of-inertia/": {"t": "Moment of inertia", "s": "Measure of rotational inertia, analogous to mass in linear motion."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/precession/": {"t": "Precession", "s": "A change in the orientation of a rotating body's rotational axis."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/magma-chamber/": {"t": "Magma chamber", "s": "Large pool of liquid rock beneath Earth's surface.", "i": 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{"t": "Martian canals", "s": "A 19th-century optical illusion once thought to be alien canals."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-spectrum/": {"t": "Electromagnetic spectrum", "s": "The full range of electromagnetic radiation, from radio to gamma rays."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qin-dynasty/": {"t": "Qin dynasty", "s": "First imperial dynasty of China, unifying the Warring States."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/geocentrism/": {"t": "Geocentrism", "s": "Earth-centered model of the cosmos, dominant for over 1,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-philosophy-rhetoric/e/classical-philosophy-and-rhetoric/republic-plato/": {"t": "Republic (Plato)", "s": "Plato's Socratic dialogue on justice and the ideal city-state."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato/": {"t": "Plato", "s": 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"https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-hevelius/": {"t": "Johannes Hevelius", "s": "Lunar topographer, comet discoverer, and brewer of Gdańsk.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-hevelius.webp", "c": "Daniel Schultz · via Wikipedia: Johannes Hevelius · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/christiaan-huygens/": {"t": "Christiaan Huygens", "s": "Dutch polymath who advanced optics, mechanics, and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/giovanni-domenico-cassini/": {"t": "Giovanni Domenico Cassini", "s": "Giovanni Domenico Cassini, an Italian-French mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, and engineer, was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, in the County of Nice, pa"}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke/": {"t": "Robert Hooke", "s": "English polymath and pioneer of microscopy", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Hooke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/apulia/": {"t": "Apulia", "s": "Region of southern Italy with ancient Greek and Roman heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-mexico/": {"t": "New Mexico", "s": "Land of diverse cultures, history, and high desert."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/exploration-of-mars/": {"t": "Exploration of Mars", "s": "Mars: The Red Planet, explored by robotic pioneers from Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/viking-1/": {"t": "Viking 1", "s": "First successful Mars lander, operated over six years."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/viking-2/": {"t": "Viking 2", "s": "American Mars lander that operated for 1,281 sols and searched for life."}, "/e/mars/mare-acidalium-quadrangle/": {"t": "Mare Acidalium quadrangle", "s": "USGS quadrangle covering Acidalia Planitia and the Cydonia region."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/abiogenesis/": {"t": "Abiogenesis", "s": "Natural process by which life arises from non-living matter."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/continental-drift/": {"t": "Continental drift", "s": "Theory of moving continents, rejected then validated."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/perseverance/": {"t": "Perseverance", "s": "NASA rover searching for signs of ancient Martian life."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/biosphere/": {"t": "Biosphere", "s": "The global sum of all 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"https://codexery.com/space-programme-of-germany/e/space-programme-of-germany/german-aerospace-center/": {"t": "German Aerospace Center", "s": "Germany's national research centre for aeronautics, space, energy and transport."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/magnesium/": {"t": "Magnesium", "s": "Lightweight metal essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/strontium/": {"t": "Strontium", "s": "A soft, reactive alkaline earth metal named after a Scottish village.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/strontium.webp", "c": "Stuttle2 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/spirit-rover/": {"t": "Spirit (rover)", "s": "Mars rover that operated over twenty times longer than planned."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/magnesium-sulfate/": {"t": "Magnesium sulfate", "s": "A versatile salt used in 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{"t": "Density", "s": "Mass per unit volume, an intensive property of matter."}}