Marine Green Macroalgae Codexery

Acetabularia

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Acetabularia

albert kok en:User:Albert Kok · via Wikipedia: Acetabularia · CC BY-SA 3.0

It grows 4 to 10 cm tall with a rhizoid, stalk, and umbrella-like cap, and possesses a single nucleus in the rhizoid.[1][2] Its large size and complex form make it a model organism for cell biology studies.[1] The genus Acetabularia consists of single-celled green algae that belong to the family Polyphysaceae and inhabit subtropical marine environments.[1]

Scientific classification

  1. CladeEukaryota
  2. CladeArchaeplastida
  3. CladeViridiplantae
  4. ClassUlvophyceae
  5. OrderDasycladales
  6. FamilyPolyphysaceae
  7. GenusAcetabularia

Named by Lamouroux, 1812

Sources: Wikipedia taxobox: Acetabularia (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Quick Facts

Nucleus count
single nucleus located in the rhizoid
Family
Polyphysaceae
Habitat
subtropical waters

Facts from the source article.

Key facts and history

In the 1930s–1950s, Joachim Hämmerling used Acetabularia to demonstrate that genetic information is contained in the nucleus, the first such proof for eukaryotes.[3] Hämmerling inserted a nucleus from one Acetabularia species into another species, producing a hybrid cap with traits of both.[3] Acetabularia can regenerate completely if its cap is removed, and caps can be exchanged between different species.[2] An isolated stem piece without the nucleus can also grow a new cap.[2]

Acetabularia has been used to study circadian rhythms, which persist under constant conditions even without the nucleus.[4] A nucleus transplanted from a donor trained on one rhythm can shift the recipient's rhythm to match the donor's over several days.[5] The term Acetabularia originates from the Latin acetabulum, which denotes a shallow vessel used for dipping bread, and the organism is also known colloquially as mermaid's wineglass.[6] Hämmerling's experiments demonstrated that both the transplanted nucleus and the host nucleus affected cap morphology, thereby proving that the nucleus carries the genetic instructions for cellular development.[3]

In sexual reproduction, the primary nucleus first undergoes several mitotic divisions, then meiotic divisions, and the resulting daughter nuclei travel to the branch tips where they are released as gametes.[7]

What the cited sources add

The 1953 volume "International Review of Cytology Volume 2" documents Hämmerling's experiments showing that Acetabularia's genetic information is in the nucleus.[8][3] The 2012 book "Biology of Acetabularia" describes experiments where a nucleus from a circadian-trained donor altered the rhythm of a de-nucleated recipient plant.[9][5] According to the 1999 book "Phycology", the genus name Acetabularia is derived from the Latin acetabulum, meaning a cup used for dipping bread.[10][6]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Genus: Acetabularia taxonomy browser", AlgaeBase version 4.2 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2007; Mandoli, "Elaboration of Body Plan and Phase Change during Development of Acetabularia: How Is the Complex Architecture of a Giant Unicell Built?", Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 1998, p. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: B. Goodwin (1994) "How the Leopard Changed its Spots" Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hämmerling, "International Review of Cytology Volume 2", 1953, p. 475–498 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Sweeney, "The Circadian Rhythm in Photosynthesis in Acetabularia in the Presence of Actinomycin D, Puromycin, and Chloramphenicol", The Journal of General Physiology, 1 January 1967, p. 647–659; Sweeney, "Persistence of a Photosynthetic Rhythm in Enucleated Acetabularia", Science, 1961-10-27, p. 1361–1363; Brachet, "Biology of Acetabularia", Elsevier, 2012-12-02 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Brachet, "Biology of Acetabularia", Elsevier, 2012-12-02 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lee, "Phycology", Cambridge University Press (CUP), 1999, p. 217 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Acetabularia" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Shihira-Ishikawa, "Chromosome behavior in the primary nucleus of Acetabularia calyculus as revealed by epifluorescent microscopy", Protoplasma, 1984, p. 27–34 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Open Library record, ISBN 9780123643025 ("INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY V2, Volume 2"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
  9. Open Library record, ISBN 9780323156370 ("Biology of Acetabularia"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
  10. Open Library record, ISBN 9780521638838 ("Phycology"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Acetabularia (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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