Rolling (metalworking)
Metal forming process using rolls to shape and reduce stock.
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Rolling is a metal forming process where metal stock is passed through rolls to reduce thickness, make thickness uniform, or impart desired mechanical properties.[1] The process is classified by temperature: hot rolling occurs above the metal's recrystallization temperature, while cold rolling occurs below it.[2] Among all manufacturing processes, hot rolling handles the greatest volume of material, while cold rolling handles the greatest volume among cold working processes.[2]
Key facts and history
Swedish engineer Christopher Polhem mentioned rolling mills for plate and bar iron in his 1761 Patriotista Testamente.[3] Richard Ford of England received a patent in 1766 for the first tandem mill, used for hot rolling wire rods.[4] Henry Cort of Funtley Iron Mills is credited with pioneering modern rolling practice, receiving a 1783 patent for grooved rolls.[5] Three-high mills for rolling heavy sections were introduced in 1853.[4]
Slitting mills, which were the earliest type of rolling mill, arrived in England from the region now known as Belgium during 1590.[6] In those mills, flat bars were first passed between rolls to create iron plate, and then the plate went through grooved slitters to make rods.[6] John Wilkinson's Bradley Works saw the first documented instance of a steam engine directly powering a mill, which occurred in 1786.[7] John Birkenshaw founded the first rail rolling mill at Bedlington Ironworks in 1820.[4]
What the research sources say
The slit pass, which divides an incoming bar into two or more subparts, increases the cross section reduction ratio per pass.[8] Lambiase and Langella proposed automated systems for Roll Pass Design to reduce the number of passes.[9] Lambiase further developed an automated system using artificial intelligence, including genetic algorithms and neural networks, to optimize rolling mill design.[9] Minimizing the number of passes is a key objective when designing rolling mills.[8]
References
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Corbett, "Rolls for the Metalworking Industries", Iron & Steel Society, 1990 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: .; . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Swank, James M.,History of the Manufacturers of Iron in All Ages, Published by Burt Franklin 1892, p.91 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: R. A. Mott (ed. P. Singer), Henry Cort: the great finer (Metals Society, London 1983), 31-36; English patents, nos. 1351 and 1420.; . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Landes, "The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present", Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1969, p. 91 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lambiase, "Prediction of geometrical profile in slit rolling pass", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2014, p. 1285–1293 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Rolling (metalworking)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lambiase, "Automated Procedure for Roll Pass Design", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2009, p. 263–272; Lambiase, "Optimization of shape rolling sequences by integrated artificial intelligent techniques", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2013, p. 443–452 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Rolling (metalworking) (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Rolling (metalworking) (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Word definitions: the , each quoted from its Wikipedia article.
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