[{"n": "Accessory (legal term)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/accessory-legal-term/", "s": "A person who assists a crime without directly committing it."}, {"n": "Arson", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/arson/", "s": "Illegal act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to property."}, {"n": "Bail", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/bail/", "s": "Bail secures release while ensuring court appearance."}, {"n": "Bar council", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/bar-council/", "s": "Professional body regulating barristers in split legal profession jurisdictions."}, {"n": "Bench (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/bench-law/", "s": "Legal term for judge's seat and judiciary collectively."}, {"n": "Blackmail", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/blackmail/", "s": "Criminal coercion using threats, often for personal gain."}, {"n": "Breach of contract", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/breach-of-contract/", "s": "Understanding breach of contract: actual failure, anticipatory breach, and the remedies available."}, {"n": "Bribery", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/bribery/", "s": "Bribery is the corrupt exchange of favors for official action."}, {"n": "Canon law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/canon-law/", "s": "The internal legal system governing Christian churches, with roots in ancient church councils."}, {"n": "Capital punishment", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/capital-punishment/", "s": "State-sanctioned killing as punishment for misconduct."}, {"n": "Chief justice", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/chief-justice/", "s": "Presiding judge of a supreme court in common law systems."}, {"n": "Civil procedure", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/civil-procedure/", "s": "Body of law governing civil lawsuit rules and court procedures."}, {"n": "Customary law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/customary-law/", "s": "Customary law: binding community practices recognized as legal norms."}, {"n": "Equity (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/equity-law/", "s": "Body of law from the English Court of Chancery providing flexible justice."}, {"n": "Evidence (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/evidence-law/", "s": "Rules governing proof of facts in legal proceedings."}, {"n": "Fraud", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/fraud/", "s": "Fraud is intentional deception for unlawful gain or deprivation."}, {"n": "Geneva Conventions", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/geneva-conventions/", "s": "Core treaties of international humanitarian law protecting non-combatants in war."}, {"n": "Sources of law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/sources-of-law/", "s": "Origins of binding rules that govern a state's territory."}, {"n": "Substantive law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/substantive-law/", "s": "Body of law governing behavior, rights, and punishments."}, {"n": "Rechtsstaat", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/rechtsstaat/", "s": "Doctrine of a state bound by law and justice."}, {"n": "Statute", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/statute/", "s": "A formal written enactment of a legislative body."}, {"n": "Precedent", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/precedent/", "s": "Judicial decisions guiding future courts under stare decisis."}, {"n": "Tort", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/tort/", "s": "A civil wrong other than breach of contract causing legal liability."}, {"n": "Quasi-contract", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/quasi-contract/", "s": "A fictional contract imposed by law to prevent unjust enrichment."}, {"n": "Claim rights and liberty rights", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/claim-rights-and-liberty-rights/", "s": "Claim rights oblige others; liberty rights permit the holder."}, {"n": "Common law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/common-law/", "s": "Judge-made legal system originating in medieval England."}, {"n": "Competition law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/competition-law/", "s": "Field of law regulating anti-competitive conduct to maintain market competition."}, {"n": "Contract", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/contract/", "s": "A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties."}, {"n": "Conviction", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/conviction/", "s": "A court's determination that a defendant is guilty of a crime."}, {"n": "Criminal law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/criminal-law/", "s": "Body of law relating to crime, punishment, and rehabilitation."}, {"n": "Acquittal", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/acquittal/", "s": "Acquittal frees the accused from a criminal charge."}, {"n": "Actus reus", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/actus-reus/", "s": "Latin for 'guilty act,' a core element of criminal liability."}, {"n": "Age of criminal responsibility", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/age-of-criminal-responsibility/", "s": "The age below which a child is deemed incapable of having committed a criminal offence."}, {"n": "Alternative dispute resolution", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/alternative-dispute-resolution/", "s": "Resolving disputes outside the courtroom, with or without a third party."}, {"n": "Appeal", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/appeal/", "s": "Legal process for reviewing decisions by a higher authority."}, {"n": "Attempt", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/attempt/", "s": "A crime of intent and substantial step toward completion."}, {"n": "Bar (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/bar-law/", "s": "The bar denotes the legal profession and courtroom division."}, {"n": "Barrister", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/barrister/", "s": "A specialist advocate in common law court systems."}, {"n": "Bill (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/bill-law/", "s": "A proposal for a new law or alteration of an existing law."}, {"n": "Burglary", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/burglary/", "s": "Property crime of illegal entry with intent to commit a further offence."}, {"n": "Code of law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/code-of-law/", "s": "A systematic collection of statutes that exhaustively covers a complete system of laws or a particular area of"}, {"n": "Codification (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/codification-law/", "s": "The process of collecting and restating law into a legal code."}, {"n": "Complaint", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/complaint/", "s": "Formal legal document initiating a lawsuit."}, {"n": "Confidentiality", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/confidentiality/", "s": "Rules limiting access to or distribution of certain information."}, {"n": "Conflict of laws", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/conflict-of-laws/", "s": "Rules for cases with connections to multiple jurisdictions."}, {"n": "Consideration", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/consideration/", "s": "Exchange of value required for simple contracts."}, {"n": "Constitutional law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/constitutional-law/", "s": "Body of law defining government powers and citizen rights."}, {"n": "Contractual term", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/contractual-term/", "s": "A provision forming part of a contract, giving rise to obligations."}, {"n": "Conversion (law)", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/conversion-law/", "s": "Civil wrong for interfering with another's personal property."}, {"n": "Damages", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/damages/", "s": "Monetary remedy for loss or injury under common law."}, {"n": "Domestic violence", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/domestic-violence/", "s": "Violence occurring in a domestic setting, often underreported worldwide."}, {"n": "Homicide", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/homicide/", "s": "An act causing death, ranging from crime to lawful state action."}, {"n": "Human trafficking", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/human-trafficking/", "s": "A crime of exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion."}, {"n": "Jurisprudence", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/jurisprudence/", "s": "The philosophy of law, examining what law is and ought to be."}, {"n": "Public law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/public-law/", "s": "Law governing relations between persons and the state."}, {"n": "Roman law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/roman-law/", "s": "Legal system of ancient Rome spanning over a thousand years."}, {"n": "Socialist law", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/socialist-law/", "s": "Legal system of communist states with supreme state organ above constitution."}, {"n": "Arrest warrant", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/arrest-warrant/", "s": "A court-authorized order for arrest or search, with procedures varying by jurisdiction."}, {"n": "Arrest", "u": "/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/arrest/", "s": "The lawful taking of a person into custody, with powers and procedures varying by jurisdiction."}]