{"https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/antonio-jos-de-sucre/": {"t": "Antonio José de Sucre", "s": "Venezuelan general and first president of Bolivia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/antonio-jos-de-sucre.webp", "c": "Arturo Michelena · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/bolivia/": {"t": "Bolivia", "s": "A landlocked South American nation with diverse geography and a rich indigenous heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ecuador/": {"t": "Ecuador", "s": "A megadiverse nation straddling the equator, from the Andes to the Galápagos."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/spanish-empire/": {"t": "Spanish Empire", "s": "The empire on which the sun never set.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/spanish-empire.webp", "c": "Nagihuin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/caracas/": {"t": "Caracas", "s": "Capital and largest city of Venezuela, cultural and economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of 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"An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/maharashtra/": {"t": "Maharashtra", "s": "Land of the Deccan Plateau and India's financial heart", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/maharashtra.webp", "c": "Own work based on user:Chumwa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-empire/e/portuguese-empire/basrur/": {"t": "Basrur", "s": "Historic rice port on the Kanara coast of Karnataka."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/agra/": {"t": "Agra", "s": "Mughal capital and home of the Taj Mahal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/agra.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/varanasi/": {"t": "Varanasi", "s": "The luminous city on the Ganges, ancient seat of learning and liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-mughal-empire/e/emperors-of-the-mughal-empire/bahadur-shah-i/": {"t": "Bahadur Shah I", "s": "Eighth Mughal emperor who quelled rebellions and re-annexed Rajput kingdoms."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mecca/": {"t": "Mecca", "s": "Holiest city in Islam and birthplace of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-inventions/e/indian-inventions/hindu-calendar/": {"t": "Hindu calendar", "s": "Lunisolar calendar used for Hindu festivals and astrology."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/konbaung-dynasty/": {"t": "Konbaung dynasty", "s": "The last dynasty of Burma, from 1752 to 1885."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/thai-people/": {"t": "Thai people", "s": "The Thai people, historically known as Siamese, are a Tai ethnic group native to Thailand, speaking Kra–Dai languages and predominantly following Theravada Budd"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/shantou/": {"t": "Shantou", "s": "Eastern Guangdong treaty port and special economic zone."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/personal-name/": {"t": "Personal name", "s": "The set of names identifying an individual person or animal."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/theravada/": {"t": "Theravada", "s": "Buddhism's oldest existing school, preserving the Pāli Canon."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/filipino-language/": {"t": "Filipino language", "s": "The national language of the Philippines, based on Tagalog."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-thailand/": {"t": "Gulf of Thailand", "s": "Shallow inlet between Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/bangkok/": {"t": "Bangkok", "s": "City of Angels"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/napoleon-iii/": {"t": "Napoleon III", "s": "First elected president and last monarch of France."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/e/miscellaneous-cities/chiang-mai/": {"t": "Chiang Mai", "s": "Historic capital of Lan Na, second-largest city in Thailand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/img/miscellaneous-cities/chiang-mai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wat · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/thai-language/": {"t": "Thai language", "s": "Thai is the sole official language of Thailand."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-religions-and-philosophies/e/eastern-religions-and-philosophies/buddhahood/": {"t": "Buddhahood", "s": "The state of an awakened being who has attained Nirvāṇa."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/m-ori-people/": {"t": "Māori people", "s": "Indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/north-island/": {"t": "North Island", "s": "The most populous of New Zealand's two main islands."}, "https://codexery.com/flood-myths/e/flood-myths/t-whaki/": {"t": "Tāwhaki", "s": "Māori demigod of lightning, thunder, and flood myths."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries/e/injuries/gunshot-wound/": {"t": "Gunshot wound", "s": "A penetrating injury from a firearm projectile with variable severity."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/federal-government-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Federal government of the United States", "s": "National government of the United States, established by the Constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/george-armstrong-custer/": {"t": "George Armstrong Custer", "s": "The controversial cavalry commander of the Civil War and Indian Wars, known for his dramatic end at the Little Bighorn.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/george-armstrong-custer.webp", "c": "Photographer is Mathew Brady (died 1896) and his field staff · via Wikipedia: George Armstrong Custer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-dakota/": {"t": "South Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named after the Dakota Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/oral-tradition/": {"t": "Oral tradition", "s": "A vital medium of human communication across generations."}, "https://codexery.com/yellowstone/e/lore/yellowstone-river/": {"t": "Yellowstone River", "s": "The undammed river that runs from the Wyoming high country through Montana to the Missouri.", "i": "https://codexery.com/yellowstone/img/lore/yellowstone-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yellowstone River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/minnesota/": {"t": "Minnesota", "s": "Land of 10,000 Lakes, 32nd state, Twin Cities hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/minnesota.webp", "c": "Myotus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Big Sky Country"}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/surveying/": {"t": "Surveying", "s": "Surveying determines positions for maps, boundaries, and construction."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/jay-cooke/": {"t": "Jay Cooke", "s": "Financier of the Union and pioneer of American investment banking.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/jay-cooke.webp", "c": "This file is from the Mechanical Curator collection, a set of over 1 million images scanned from out-of-copyright books and released to Flickr Commons by the Br · via Wikipedia: Jay Cooke · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-plains/": {"t": "Great Plains", "s": "Broad North American flatland of prairie, steppe, and grassland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-plains.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alluvial plain · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sokoto-caliphate/": {"t": "Sokoto Caliphate", "s": "A Sunni Muslim caliphate founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sokoto-caliphate.webp", "c": "Orange Tuesday (talk) · via Wikipedia: Sokoto Caliphate · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/malik-ibn-anas/": {"t": "Malik ibn Anas", "s": "Eponym of the Maliki school and compiler of al-Muwatta'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/caliphate/": {"t": "Caliphate", "s": "Islamic political-religious institution led by a caliph.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/caliphate.webp", "c": "أبو العباس · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sunni-islam/": {"t": "Sunni Islam", "s": "Largest branch of Islam, following the sunnah of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/government/": {"t": "Government", "s": "System or group leading a state with socially acceptable force."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sharia/": {"t": "Sharia", "s": "Islamic divine law based on the Qur'an and hadith, distinct from fiqh."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-regions/e/specific-regions/fouta-djallon/": {"t": "Fouta Djallon", "s": "Highland region in Guinea, headwaters of major West African rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/historical-figures-and-leaders/seku-amadu/": {"t": "Seku Amadu", "s": "Fulbe founder of the Massina Empire and theocratic ruler."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/songhai-empire/": {"t": "Songhai Empire", "s": "A large Sahelian empire at its peak in the 15th–16th centuries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/songhai-empire.webp", "c": "HetmanTheResearcher · via Wikipedia: Songhai Empire · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/e/nigerian-states/kebbi-state/": {"t": "Kebbi State", "s": "A northwestern Nigerian state known for fishing and agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/quran/": {"t": "Quran", "s": "Central religious text of Islam, believed to be divine revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/jihad/": {"t": "Jihad", "s": "Islamic concept of striving in God's path, with spiritual and martial dimensions."}, "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/e/nigerian-states/zamfara-state/": {"t": "Zamfara State", "s": "A northwestern Nigerian state created in 1996 from Sokoto State.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/img/nigerian-states/zamfara-state.webp", "c": "CDC Global · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/niger-river/": {"t": "Niger River", "s": "Main river of West Africa, third-longest in Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/niger-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niger River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/asian-leaders/e/asian-leaders/ahmad-bin-yahya/": {"t": "Ahmad bin Yahya", "s": "Penultimate king of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-leaders/img/asian-leaders/ahmad-bin-yahya.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wan Ahmad Fayhsal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/shia-islam/": {"t": "Shia Islam", "s": "The second-largest branch of Islam, rooted in the belief that Ali was Muhammad's chosen successor."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ali-abdullah-saleh/": {"t": "Ali Abdullah Saleh", "s": "First president of unified Yemen, ousted in 2012 after the Arab Spring.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ali-abdullah-saleh.webp", "c": "Carlos Latuff · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/uthman/": {"t": "Uthman", "s": "Third Rashidun caliph who standardized the Quran."}, "https://codexery.com/african-and-asian-leaders/e/african-and-asian-leaders/lij-iyasu/": {"t": "Lij Iyasu", "s": "Designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia (1913–1916)"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/haile-selassie/": {"t": "Haile Selassie", "s": "Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, modernizer and key figure in African unity."}, "https://codexery.com/sons-of-emperors/e/sons-of-emperors/araya-selassie-yohannes/": {"t": "Araya Selassie Yohannes", "s": "Son of Emperor Yohannes IV and first husband of Empress Zewditu."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/addis-ababa/": {"t": "Addis Ababa", "s": "The political capital of Africa and highest capital on the continent."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/head-of-state/": {"t": "Head of state", "s": "The public persona of a sovereign state."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/ethiopian-orthodox-tewahedo-church/": {"t": "Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church", "s": "Largest Oriental Orthodox church, originating in 4th-century Aksum.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/ethiopian-orthodox-tewahedo-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/e/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/mahdist-war/": {"t": "Mahdist War", "s": "A war that ended British use of red coats in combat."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/slavery/": {"t": "Slavery", "s": "Slavery is the ownership of a person as property."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/edvard-bene/": {"t": "Edvard Beneš", "s": "Czech statesman and diplomat, president of Czechoslovakia (1935–1938, 1939–1948)"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moravia/": {"t": "Moravia", "s": "A historical land in the east of the Czech Republic, named after the Morava river."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers/e/philosophers/franz-brentano/": {"t": "Franz Brentano", "s": "German philosopher who revived intentionality and influenced phenomenology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers/img/philosophers/franz-brentano.webp", "c": "Franz Anton Brentano · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edmund-husserl/": {"t": "Edmund Husserl", "s": "Austrian and German philosopher who founded phenomenology."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/prague/": {"t": "Prague", "s": "City of a Hundred Spires"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and/e/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mythology/blood-libel/": {"t": "Blood libel", "s": "Antisemitic trope falsely accusing Jews of ritual murder."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/king-s-college-london/": {"t": "King's College London", "s": "Founded 1829; founding college of University of London."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mogilev/": {"t": "Mogilev", "s": "City on the Dnieper, third-largest in Belarus."}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/louis-brandeis/": {"t": "Louis Brandeis", "s": "People's Lawyer and first Jewish U.S. Supreme Court justice"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jan-hus/": {"t": "Jan Hus", "s": "Czech reformer and inspiration of Hussitism"}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/e/pioneers-of-medicine/jan-evangelista-purkyn/": {"t": "Jan Evangelista Purkyně", "s": "Czech anatomist and physiologist who discovered key cellular and sensory phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/prague-castle/": {"t": "Prague Castle", "s": "The largest ancient castle in the world, seat of Czech presidents."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/tel-aviv/": {"t": "Tel Aviv", "s": "The economic and technological center of Israel, a global high-tech hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-danger/e/world-heritage-sites-in-danger/dubrovnik/": {"t": "Dubrovnik", "s": "Medieval walled city on the Adriatic coast."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/soviet-invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Soviet invasion of Poland", "s": "Soviet invasion of Poland without declaration of war, 17 September 1939.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/soviet-invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "U.S. Army 278ACR-TN-ANG by Sgt. 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Orthodox Church · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/alexander-ii-of-russia/": {"t": "Alexander II of Russia", "s": "Emperor of Russia who emancipated the serfs and pursued liberal reforms."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/saint-petersburg-state-university/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg State University", "s": "One of Russia's oldest universities, founded by Peter the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/nikolay-chernyshevsky/": {"t": "Nikolay Chernyshevsky", "s": "Dominant intellectual figure of the 1860s revolutionary democratic movement in Russia"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/karl-marx/": {"t": "Karl Marx", "s": "German philosopher and revolutionary socialist who 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"https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/basque-country-autonomous-community/": {"t": "Basque Country (autonomous community)", "s": "An autonomous community in northern Spain with historic nationality status."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/erwin-schr-dinger/": {"t": "Erwin Schrödinger", "s": "Austrian physicist who shaped quantum theory and inspired genetics."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/irish-language/": {"t": "Irish language", "s": "Irish is a Celtic language native to Ireland, with a rich literary history and official status in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the European Un"}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/h-h-asquith/": {"t": "H. 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"https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/yuan-shikai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yuan Shikai · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/japanese-language/": {"t": "Japanese language", "s": "The principal language of the Japonic family, spoken by over 123 million people, primarily in Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-icons/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-icons/sun-yat-sen/": {"t": "Sun Yat-sen", "s": "Founder of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/japanese-invasion-of-manchuria/": {"t": "Japanese invasion of Manchuria", "s": "Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria after a staged false flag incident."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Largest Asian war of the 20th century, intertwined with World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer, Ministry of the Navy · via Wikipedia: Second Sino-Japanese War · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/": {"t": "Imperial examination", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by merit from the Sui dynasty until its abolition in 19", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/imperial-examination.webp", "c": "Francisco Anzola · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war/": {"t": "Russo-Japanese War", "s": "War between Russia and Japan over imperial ambitions in East Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Imperial Instituto Artistico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution/": {"t": "1911 Revolution", "s": "The uprising that ended millennia of imperial rule in China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1911 Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, 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"https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/empress-myeongseong/": {"t": "Empress Myeongseong", "s": "Queen of Joseon who pursued modernization and was assassinated."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/seoul/": {"t": "Seoul", "s": "The dynamic capital of South Korea, blending ancient history with cutting-edge modernity."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/wonsan/": {"t": "Wonsan", "s": "North Korean port city and naval base on the Sea of Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "First Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Conflict between Qing China and Japan over influence in Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/tianjin/": {"t": "Tianjin", "s": "A dual-core port city on the Hai River and Bohai Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion/": {"t": "Boxer Rebellion", "s": "An anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China (1899–1901) by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, defeated by the Eigh", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Boxer Rebellion · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/e/american-and-caribbean-leaders/plutarco-el-as-calles/": {"t": "Plutarco Elías Calles", "s": "Revolutionary general, president of Mexico and founder of the party that ruled the country for decades.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/img/american-and-caribbean-leaders/plutarco-el-as-calles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Plutarco Elías Calles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/sonora/": {"t": "Sonora", "s": "Northwestern Mexican state with arid geography and rich indigenous history."}, "/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/venustiano-carranza/": {"t": "Venustiano Carranza", "s": "Mexican revolutionary, president, and architect of the 1917 Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/venustiano-carranza.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Venustiano Carranza · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-folklore/e/mexican-folklore/pancho-villa/": {"t": "Pancho Villa", "s": "Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader of the Mexican Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/emiliano-zapata/": {"t": "Emiliano Zapata", "s": "Mexican revolutionary leader of the agrarian Zapatista movement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/emiliano-zapata.webp", "c": "Agustín Casasola · via Wikipedia: Emiliano Zapata · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/e/american-and-caribbean-leaders/porfirio-d-az/": {"t": "Porfirio Díaz", "s": "Mexican general and president who ruled for over thirty years during the Porfiriato.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/img/american-and-caribbean-leaders/porfirio-d-az.webp", "c": "Aurelio Escobar Castellanos, Archive · via Wikipedia: Porfirio Díaz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/institutional-revolutionary-party/": {"t": "Institutional Revolutionary Party", "s": "Mexican party that ruled for 71 years as a one-party state."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/chickpea/": {"t": "Chickpea", "s": "A versatile legume, high in protein, central to cuisines from the Mediterranean to India."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/lathe/": {"t": "Lathe", "s": "Ancient tool for shaping symmetrical objects by rotation."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-horror-films/e/indonesian-horror-films/sugar-mill/": {"t": "Sugar Mill", "s": "A supernatural horror set in an old sugar mill."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/combine-harvester/": {"t": "Combine harvester", "s": "Machine combining reaping, threshing, and winnowing into one process."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/chihuahua-state/": {"t": "Chihuahua (state)", "s": "Largest Mexican state, known for Copper Canyon and Paquimé."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/mexican-revolution/": {"t": "Mexican Revolution", "s": "A decade-long civil war that reshaped Mexican government and society."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/coahuila/": {"t": "Coahuila", "s": "A northern Mexican state with rich history and industry."}, "/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/lvaro-obreg-n/": {"t": "Álvaro Obregón", "s": "The pragmatic general who shaped post-revolutionary Mexico.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/lvaro-obreg-n.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Álvaro Obregón · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/morelos/": {"t": "Morelos", "s": "Landlocked state in south-central Mexico, named for independence hero.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/morelos.webp", "c": "Alberto0617 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-cities/e/mexican-cities/veracruz-city/": {"t": "Veracruz (city)", "s": "Mexico's oldest, largest, and historically most significant port city."}}