Latin American Cities Codexery

Manaus

Capital of Amazonas, center of the rubber boom and Amazon research.

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Manaus is a city in the center of the Amazon rainforest and home to the National Institute of Amazonian Research.[1] In 1832, this location was officially designated a town and renamed "Manaus".[2] The Industrial Park of Manaus, a Free Economic Zone, serves as the city's primary economic driver, and the city also possesses a free port and an international airport.[1]

Geography and history

The Solimões and Negro rivers meet just east of Manaus to form the Amazon River.[3] Manaus is located in the middle of the Amazon Rainforest, which represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests.[4] The city has a tropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 27.4 °C and rainfall around 2300 mm annually.[5] The Portuguese built the Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro in 1668–1669 to secure the region against the Dutch.[6]

In 1967, the military dictatorship introduced the Manaus free trade zone, leading to enormous demographic growth.[7] The initial European colonial presence in the Manaus region dates to 1499, when Spanish explorers reached the Amazon River's mouth.[6] The settlement was granted town status and given the name Manaus on November 13, 1832.[8] During the latter part of the 1800s, the rubber industry made Manaus the wealthiest city in South America.[3]

The rubber boom came to a sudden halt after rubber tree seeds were taken to Southeast Asia, leading to a period of impoverishment for Manaus.[9] Manaus was chosen as a venue for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and it was the sole host city situated within the Amazon rainforest.[10]

What the cited sources add

A cold front was forecast to bring temperatures as low as 18°C to Manaus in July 2013, as reported by G1 Amazonas.[11] The Anavilhanas conservation area, which lies partially within Manaus, was first established as an ecological station in 1981 and was later redesignated as a national park in 2008.[12] A hail storm struck several neighborhoods in Manaus on October 24, 2011, as reported by G1 AM.[13]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "National Institute for Amazonia Research (INPA)", eubon.eu; Heart of The Amazon and City of the Forest; "Manaus, Brazil - Amazon River Cruise Ship Port of Call", TripSavvy (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "História", City Hall of Manaus (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Where Does the Amazon River Begin?", National Geographic News, 15 February 2014 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Turner, I.M. 2001. The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Chuva de granizo atinge diversos pontos de Manaus", Amazonas, 25 October 2011 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "About Manaus", www.calvarymanaus.com (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Presidency of the Republic, "Decree-Law. 288 of 28 February 1967.", Civil House; Subheading for Legal Affairs, February 28, 1967; "Panorama Manaus", cidades.ibge.gov.br (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Manaus History (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Christina Lamb, "A night at the opera - and 14 days on the Amazon to get there", The Sunday Telegraph, London, 17th June 2001", 17 June 2001 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Manaus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "In the Brazilian Rain Forest, 'a White Elephant, a Big One'", The New York Times, August 16, 2016 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. "Frente fria deve atingir Manaus e temperatura pode cair para 18°C", G1 Amazonas, 24 July 2013. facts only, no text reused. g1.globo.com
  12. "PARNA de Anavilhanas", ISA: Instituto Socioambiental. facts only, no text reused. uc.socioambiental.org
  13. "Chuva de granizo atinge diversos pontos de Manaus", Amazonas, 25 October 2011. facts only, no text reused. g1.globo.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Manaus (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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