{"/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/jewish-resistance-movement/": {"t": "Jewish Resistance Movement", "s": "Alliance of Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi against British rule."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/jordan-river/": {"t": "Jordan River", "s": "A 251 km endorheic river flowing through the Levant, sacred to three major religions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/jordan-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jordan River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/1936-1939-arab-revolt-in-palestine/": {"t": "1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine", "s": "A Palestinian Arab uprising against British rule and Zionist immigration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/1936-1939-arab-revolt-in-palestine.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/the-holocaust/": {"t": "The Holocaust", "s": "The Holocaust, called the Shoah in Hebrew, refers to the systematic murder of European Jews carried out during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers/": {"t": "Axis powers", "s": "Military coalition that initiated World War II against the Allies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers.webp", "c": "Sr L · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/": {"t": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "s": "First and only nuclear attacks in war, ending World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki.webp", "c": "Government Printing Office · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/tel-aviv/": {"t": "Tel Aviv", "s": "The economic and technological center of Israel, a global high-tech hub."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/operation-agatha/": {"t": "Operation Agatha", "s": "British crackdown on Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/king-david-hotel-bombing/": {"t": "King David Hotel bombing", "s": "Deadliest attack on British in Mandatory Palestine."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/david-ben-gurion/": {"t": "David Ben-Gurion", "s": "Primary national founder and first prime minister of the State of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/1948-arab-israeli-war/": {"t": "1948 Arab–Israeli War", "s": "The 1948 Arab–Israeli War: the conflict that reshaped Palestine and established the State of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/": {"t": "Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine", "s": "Zionist militias fought British rule over immigration restrictions."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/acre-israel/": {"t": "Acre, Israel", "s": "Ancient port city, Crusader bastion, and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "House of Commons of the United Kingdom", "s": "Elected lower house of the UK Parliament, holding government to account.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "©UK Parliament/Jessica Taylor · CC BY 3.0"}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/the-sergeants-affair/": {"t": "The Sergeants affair", "s": "Irgun hanged two British sergeants after three militants were executed."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/night-of-the-bridges/": {"t": "Night of the Bridges", "s": "Haganah operation destroying eleven bridges to disrupt British Army routes."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/bernard-montgomery/": {"t": "Bernard Montgomery", "s": "The victor of El Alamein who led Allied ground forces from D-Day to the German surrender."}, "https://codexery.com/battlefield/e/powers/tank/": {"t": "Tank", "s": "Armoured fighting vehicle balancing firepower, armour, and mobility."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/benito-mussolini/": {"t": "Benito Mussolini", "s": "Italian dictator who founded fascism and led Italy in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/travel-visa/": {"t": "Travel visa", "s": "Conditional authorization for foreign entry, stay, or departure."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-israel/e/castles-in-israel/caesarea-maritima/": {"t": "Caesarea Maritima", "s": "Ancient port city and Roman capital on the Israeli coast", "i": "https://codexery.com/castles-in-israel/img/castles-in-israel/caesarea-maritima.webp", "c": "מיכל פריימן · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/arab-israeli-conflict/": {"t": "Arab–Israeli conflict", "s": "A century of conflict rooted in competing nationalisms and colonial mandates."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/the-beatles/e/places/liverpool/": {"t": "Liverpool", "s": "The gritty port city where the world's most famous band began their journey."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/devon/": {"t": "Devon", "s": "Ceremonial county in South West England with two coastlines."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/normandy/": {"t": "Normandy", "s": "The historic homeland of the Normans, spanning mainland France and the Channel Islands."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/jewish-mythology/e/jewish-mythology/the-exodus/": {"t": "The Exodus", "s": "The Israelites leaving Egypt, as founding myth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jewish-mythology/img/jewish-mythology/the-exodus.webp", "c": "Jim Padgett · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edward-elgar/": {"t": "Edward Elgar", "s": "English composer of orchestral and choral works."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hamburg/": {"t": "Hamburg", "s": "Second-largest German city and major Hanseatic port."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/irgun-bombing-of-police-headquarters-in-haifa/": {"t": "Irgun bombing of police headquarters in Haifa", "s": "Irgun barrel bomb attack on Haifa police headquarters."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/clement-attlee/": {"t": "Clement Attlee", "s": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, leader of the Labour Party, and architect of the post-war welfare state."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "s": "32nd US president who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dwight-d-eisenhower/": {"t": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "s": "34th president of the United States and Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/george-s-patton/": {"t": "George S. Patton", "s": "U.S. Army general who led Third Army across Europe in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/irgun-and-lehi-internment-in-africa/": {"t": "Irgun and Lehi internment in Africa", "s": "British deportation of Irgun and Lehi detainees to African camps."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/eritrea/": {"t": "Eritrea", "s": "Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, sits in the Horn of Africa on the eastern side of the continent."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/asmara/": {"t": "Asmara", "s": "Capital of Eritrea, known for its Italian modernist architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-committee-of-the-red-cross/": {"t": "International Committee of the Red Cross", "s": "Humanitarian organization and guardian of the Geneva Conventions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/haile-selassie/": {"t": "Haile Selassie", "s": "Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, modernizer and key figure in African unity."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/addis-ababa/": {"t": "Addis Ababa", "s": "The political capital of Africa and highest capital on the continent."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/suez-canal/": {"t": "Suez Canal", "s": "The Suez Canal: a vital sea-level waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas, dividing Africa and Asia."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/ss-exodus/": {"t": "SS Exodus", "s": "Aliyah Bet ship whose passengers were forcibly returned to Europe."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/night-of-the-trains/": {"t": "Night of the Trains", "s": "A coordinated sabotage of railways and British guard boats."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/labour-party-uk/": {"t": "Labour Party (UK)", "s": "Centre-left UK party governing since 2024.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/labour-party-uk.webp", "c": "TL · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/operation-shark/": {"t": "Operation Shark", "s": "British counter-terrorism operation in Tel Aviv after the King David Hotel bombing."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/terrorism/": {"t": "Terrorism", "s": "Violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "President of the United States", "s": "Head of state and government of the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/associated-press/": {"t": "Associated Press", "s": "A not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/associated-press.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Associated Press · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/trinidad-and-tobago/": {"t": "Trinidad and Tobago", "s": "The southernmost Caribbean archipelago with a rich industrial economy and vibrant cultural heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/sabbath/": {"t": "Sabbath", "s": "A weekly day of rest observed in Abrahamic religions."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/civil-service/": {"t": "Civil service", "s": "The backbone of government: impartial, professional, and permanent.", "i": "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/img/government-and-public-administration/civil-service.webp", "c": "Harry Mitchell · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/acre-prison-break/": {"t": "Acre Prison break", "s": "Irgun break freed 27 prisoners from Acre's Central Prison."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/defence-emergency-regulations/": {"t": "Defence (Emergency) Regulations", "s": "British-era emergency laws still in force in Israel and the West Bank."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/the-saison/": {"t": "The Saison", "s": "Haganah's 1944–45 campaign to suppress Irgun and Lehi insurgency."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/e/legal-systems-and-courts/court-martial/": {"t": "Court-martial", "s": "A military court for trying armed forces members and war crimes."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/capital-punishment/": {"t": "Capital punishment", "s": "State-sanctioned killing as punishment for misconduct."}, "/e/jewish-insurgency-in-mandatory-palestine/olei-hagardom/": {"t": "Olei Hagardom", "s": "Irgun and Lehi members executed by British Mandate authorities."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/tree-species/eucalyptus/": {"t": "Eucalyptus", "s": "The gum tree genus with over 700 species, known for its distinctive operculum and oil-rich leaves."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}}