{"/e/jazz-innovators/dizzy-gillespie/": {"t": "Dizzy Gillespie", "s": "Trumpeter and bebop pioneer who reshaped modern jazz.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/dizzy-gillespie.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dizzy Gillespie · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/big-band/": {"t": "Big band", "s": "Large jazz ensemble with written arrangements and four instrumental sections.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/musical-genres-and-styles/big-band.webp", "c": "Stuart Wood · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/fletcher-henderson/": {"t": "Fletcher Henderson", "s": "Pianist, arranger, and bandleader who shaped big band jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/e/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/billy-eckstine/": {"t": "Billy Eckstine", "s": "Singer and bandleader of the swing and bebop eras."}, "/e/jazz-innovators/thelonious-monk/": {"t": "Thelonious Monk", "s": "American jazz pianist and composer with a unique improvisational style.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/thelonious-monk.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Thelonious Monk · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/charlie-parker/": {"t": "Charlie Parker", "s": "American jazz saxophonist and bebop pioneer"}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-philadelphia/e/jazz-musicians-from-philadelphia/benny-golson/": {"t": "Benny Golson", "s": "Tenor saxophonist, composer, and arranger of jazz standards."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/e/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/donald-byrd/": {"t": "Donald Byrd", "s": "Hard bop trumpeter who bridged jazz and funk."}, "https://codexery.com/antilles-records-artists/e/antilles-records-artists/johnny-griffin/": {"t": "Johnny Griffin", "s": "American jazz tenor saxophonist and hard bop pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/antilles-records-artists/img/antilles-records-artists/johnny-griffin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johnny Griffin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/e/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/curtis-fuller/": {"t": "Curtis Fuller", "s": "American jazz trombonist and member of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers."}, "https://codexery.com/american-jazz-flugelhornists/e/american-jazz-flugelhornists/chuck-mangione/": {"t": "Chuck Mangione", "s": "American flugelhornist known for \"Feels So Good\"."}, "/e/jazz-innovators/chick-corea/": {"t": "Chick Corea", "s": "American jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader; key figure in jazz fusion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/chick-corea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Chick Corea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/21st-century-american-jazz-composers/e/21st-century-american-jazz-composers/keith-jarrett/": {"t": "Keith Jarrett", "s": "Pianist and composer known for solo improvisation and The Köln Concert."}, "https://codexery.com/stride-pianists/e/stride-pianists/mary-lou-williams/": {"t": "Mary Lou Williams", "s": "First lady of the jazz keyboard and mentor to legends."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/miles-davis/": {"t": "Miles Davis", "s": "The most revered jazz trumpeter of all time, a pioneer of multiple jazz styles."}, "https://codexery.com/2000s-american-television-miniseries/e/2000s-american-television-miniseries/jazz-miniseries/": {"t": "Jazz (miniseries)", "s": "A 10-part PBS documentary on jazz history."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/e/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer/": {"t": "Lung cancer", "s": "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/img/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer.webp", "c": "Modificado de OpenStax College · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-piano/": {"t": "The Piano", "s": "A haunting, unpredictable tale of love and sex told from a woman's point of view.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-piano.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-songs-albums/e/iconic-songs-and-albums/kind-of-blue/": {"t": "Kind of Blue", "s": "A modal jazz album that reshaped improvisation and influenced generations."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-violin/": {"t": "The Violin", "s": "A 2005 Mexican drama film directed by Francisco Vargas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-violin.webp", "c": "unknown, released with CC0 license by Smithsonian · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/igor-stravinsky/": {"t": "Igor Stravinsky", "s": "Russian composer whose ballets for Diaghilev reshaped twentieth-century classical music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/igor-stravinsky.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of compositions by Igor Stravinsky · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-music-compositions/e/classical-music-compositions/petrushka-ballet/": {"t": "Petrushka (ballet)", "s": "Ballet by Stravinsky about a puppet's tragic love and jealousy."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/e/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/darius-milhaud/": {"t": "Darius Milhaud", "s": "French modernist composer and member of Les Six."}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/tommy-dorsey/": {"t": "Tommy Dorsey", "s": "Smooth-toned trombonist and big band leader of the swing era."}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/harry-james/": {"t": "Harry James", "s": "Trumpeter and bandleader of the swing era."}, "/e/jazz-innovators/earl-hines/": {"t": "Earl Hines", "s": "Jazz pianist and bandleader who pioneered a melodic, horn-like piano style and influenced a generation of swing-era pianists."}, "https://codexery.com/blind-jazz-musicians/e/blind-jazz-musicians/art-tatum/": {"t": "Art Tatum", "s": "American jazz pianist who transformed harmonic and rhythmic possibilities."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/louisiana/": {"t": "Louisiana", "s": "U.S. state with French heritage, parishes, and Gulf Coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/louisiana.webp", "c": "Mark Holloway · CC BY 2.0"}, "/e/jazz-innovators/bill-evans/": {"t": "Bill Evans", "s": "American jazz pianist and composer known for his trio work.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/bill-evans.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bill Evans · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/columbia-records-artists/e/columbia-records-artists/toshiko-akiyoshi/": {"t": "Toshiko Akiyoshi", "s": "Japanese jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/e/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/barry-harris/": {"t": "Barry Harris", "s": "Bebop pianist, educator, and mentor to many jazz musicians."}, "https://codexery.com/stride-pianists/e/stride-pianists/stride-music/": {"t": "Stride (music)", "s": "A jazz piano style arising from ragtime, featuring a leaping left hand."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/ragtime/": {"t": "Ragtime", "s": "A syncopated piano style that shaped early American popular music."}, "https://codexery.com/candid-records-artists/e/candid-records-artists/max-roach/": {"t": "Max Roach", "s": "Pioneering bebop drummer and composer who redefined jazz rhythm."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-depictions-of-jazz-musicians/e/cultural-depictions-of-jazz-musicians/bouncing-with-bud/": {"t": "Bouncing with Bud", "s": "A 1946 jazz standard by Bud Powell and Gil Fuller."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/dance/e/dance/flamenco/": {"t": "Flamenco", "s": "An Andalusian art form rooted in gitano and folk traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/classical-music/": {"t": "Classical music", "s": "Western art music tradition emphasizing formality and polyphony."}, "https://codexery.com/stride-pianists/e/stride-pianists/fats-waller/": {"t": "Fats Waller", "s": "American stride pianist, organist, composer, and singer."}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/james-p-johnson/": {"t": "James P. Johnson", "s": "Pioneer of stride piano and key figure in jazz evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/broadway-theatre/": {"t": "Broadway theatre", "s": "The highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/johann-sebastian-bach/": {"t": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "s": "Master of counterpoint and Baroque composition", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/johann-sebastian-bach.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/benny-goodman/": {"t": "Benny Goodman", "s": "American jazz clarinetist and bandleader known as the King of Swing."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/oklahoma/": {"t": "Oklahoma", "s": "A state shaped by land runs, oil, and Indigenous heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-arts/e/performance-arts/street-performance/": {"t": "Street performance", "s": "Public performance for gratuities, practiced worldwide since antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-trumpet/": {"t": "The Trumpet", "s": "A brass instrument used in music and signaling since antiquity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-trumpet.webp", "c": "hpgruesen · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-dakota/": {"t": "North Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named for the Dakota and Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/minnesota/": {"t": "Minnesota", "s": "Land of 10,000 Lakes, 32nd state, Twin Cities hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/minnesota.webp", "c": "Myotus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/andy-kirk-musician/": {"t": "Andy Kirk (musician)", "s": "Leader of the Twelve Clouds of Joy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/lionel-hampton/": {"t": "Lionel Hampton", "s": "Jazz vibraphonist and bandleader who popularized the vibraphone."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-records-artists/e/apollo-records-artists/georgie-auld/": {"t": "Georgie Auld", "s": "Canadian swing saxophonist and bandleader who crossed into film."}, "https://codexery.com/british-male-jazz-musicians/e/british-male-jazz-musicians/john-chilton/": {"t": "John Chilton", "s": "British jazz trumpeter, writer, and Grammy-winning album note author."}, "https://codexery.com/african-american-jazz-musicians/e/african-american-jazz-musicians/chu-berry/": {"t": "Chu Berry", "s": "Tenor saxophonist known for his work with Cab Calloway.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-american-jazz-musicians/img/african-american-jazz-musicians/chu-berry.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Chu Berry · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/charlie-barnet/": {"t": "Charlie Barnet", "s": "Swing saxophonist and bandleader known for 'Cherokee' and 'Skyliner'."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-houston/e/jazz-musicians-from-houston/arnett-cobb/": {"t": "Arnett Cobb", "s": "Houston-born tenor saxophonist known as the Wild Man of the Tenor Sax."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-records-artists/e/apollo-records-artists/illinois-jacquet/": {"t": "Illinois Jacquet", "s": "Jazz tenor saxophonist known for his Flying Home solo."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/topeka-kansas/": {"t": "Topeka, Kansas", "s": "Capital of Kansas and site of landmark desegregation case."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/chord-music/": {"t": "Chord (music)", "s": "A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more notes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/img/music-theory-and-composition/chord-music.webp", "c": "MyCatIsAChonk · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/bubber-miley/": {"t": "Bubber Miley", "s": "Pioneering plunger-mute trumpeter who shaped early Ellington.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/img/dixieland-jazz-musicians/bubber-miley.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bubber Miley · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-armstrong/": {"t": "Louis Armstrong", "s": "The pioneering jazz trumpeter and vocalist who reshaped music and crossed cultural boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/dance-band-bandleaders/e/dance-band-bandleaders/jack-hylton/": {"t": "Jack Hylton", "s": "British dance band leader and impresario."}, "https://codexery.com/songs-compositions/e/songs-and-compositions/body-and-soul-1930-song/": {"t": "Body and Soul (1930 song)", "s": "A 1930 jazz standard with a famously unusual bridge, recorded by countless artists from Louis Armstrong to Amy Winehouse."}, "/e/jazz-innovators/bud-powell/": {"t": "Bud Powell", "s": "Bebop pioneer who transformed jazz piano with a right-hand attack.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/bud-powell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bebop · see source"}, "/e/jazz-innovators/coleman-hawkins/": {"t": "Coleman Hawkins", "s": "The first great tenor saxophonist, whose 1939 'Body and Soul' marked a turning point in jazz."}, "/e/jazz-innovators/ella-fitzgerald/": {"t": "Ella Fitzgerald", "s": "American jazz vocalist known for scat singing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/ella-fitzgerald.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Scat singing · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/theatre/e/theatre/improvisation/": {"t": "Improvisation", "s": "Spontaneous creation without prior planning in arts and engineering."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/e/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/roy-eldridge/": {"t": "Roy Eldridge", "s": "Trumpeter whose harmonic innovations bridged swing and bebop."}, "https://codexery.com/american-jazz-flugelhornists/e/american-jazz-flugelhornists/jon-faddis/": {"t": "Jon Faddis", "s": "American jazz trumpeter, conductor, composer, and educator."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/scat-singers/e/scat-singers/cab-calloway/": {"t": "Cab Calloway", "s": "Master of scat singing and the Hi-de-ho man of jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/jimmy-dorsey/": {"t": "Jimmy Dorsey", "s": "American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, composer, and big band leader."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/e/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/gunther-schuller/": {"t": "Gunther Schuller", "s": "American composer who coined the term Third Stream."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/bebop/": {"t": "Bebop", "s": "A complex, improvisation-driven jazz style developed in the 1940s."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/e/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/kenny-clarke/": {"t": "Kenny Clarke", "s": "Bebop drumming pioneer who shifted timekeeping to the ride cymbal."}, "https://codexery.com/reissue-record-labels/e/reissue-record-labels/apollo-records-1944/": {"t": "Apollo Records (1944)", "s": "New York label known for gospel, doo-wop, and jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/cti-records-artists/e/cti-records-artists/milt-jackson/": {"t": "Milt Jackson", "s": "American jazz vibraphonist known for cool swinging solos with the Modern Jazz Quartet."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/john-coltrane/": {"t": "John Coltrane", "s": "American jazz saxophonist and composer who pioneered modal and free jazz.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/john-coltrane.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Coltrane · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cti-records-artists/e/cti-records-artists/lalo-schifrin/": {"t": "Lalo Schifrin", "s": "Composer of iconic film and television scores."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/e/jazz-musicians-from-pittsburgh/ray-brown-musician/": {"t": "Ray Brown (musician)", "s": "American jazz double bassist known for work with Oscar Peterson."}, "https://codexery.com/argo-records-artists/e/argo-records-artists/james-moody-saxophonist/": {"t": "James Moody (saxophonist)", "s": "American jazz saxophonist and flutist of bebop and hard bop."}, "https://codexery.com/cti-records-artists/e/cti-records-artists/yusef-lateef/": {"t": "Yusef Lateef", "s": "Jazz multi-instrumentalist who pioneered world music fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-arrangers/e/jazz-arrangers/tadd-dameron/": {"t": "Tadd Dameron", "s": "Definitive arranger and composer of the bebop era."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-percussionists/e/jazz-percussionists/sabu-martinez/": {"t": "Sabu Martinez", "s": "American conguero of the Cubop movement and bandleader."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/e/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/norman-granz/": {"t": "Norman Granz", "s": "Jazz impresario who fought for racial equality."}, "https://codexery.com/american-swing-musical-groups/e/american-swing-musical-groups/international-sweethearts-of-rhythm/": {"t": "International Sweethearts of Rhythm", "s": "First racially-integrated all-female band in the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-blues-musicians/e/jazz-blues-musicians/jimmy-witherspoon/": {"t": "Jimmy Witherspoon", "s": "American jump blues and jazz singer known for \"Ain't Nobody's Business\"."}, "https://codexery.com/21st-century-american-jazz-composers/e/21st-century-american-jazz-composers/herbie-hancock/": {"t": "Herbie Hancock", "s": "Jazz pianist, composer, and pioneer of fusion and electronic music."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-records-artists/e/apollo-records-artists/erroll-garner/": {"t": "Erroll Garner", "s": "Self-taught pianist known for \"Misty\" and swing style."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/baptists/": {"t": "Baptists", "s": "Protestant tradition emphasizing believer's baptism and local church autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/american-swing-musical-groups/e/american-swing-musical-groups/mckinney-s-cotton-pickers/": {"t": "McKinney's Cotton Pickers", "s": "Popular African American jazz band of the late 1920s."}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/jelly-roll-morton/": {"t": "Jelly Roll Morton", "s": "Jazz's first arranger and a pioneering Creole pianist."}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/carroll-dickerson/": {"t": "Carroll Dickerson", "s": "Chicago and New York dixieland violinist and bandleader."}, "https://codexery.com/columbia-records/e/columbia-records/okeh-records/": {"t": "Okeh Records", "s": "American record label founded in 1918, now a jazz imprint."}, "https://codexery.com/american-women-jazz-pianists/e/american-women-jazz-pianists/lil-hardin-armstrong/": {"t": "Lil Hardin Armstrong", "s": "Jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader who shaped early jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/e/radio-modulation-modes/speakeasy/": {"t": "SpeakEasy", "s": "First large-scale software radio for military interoperability."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/jurists/al-capone/": {"t": "Al Capone", "s": "American gangster and co-founder of the Chicago Outfit", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/jurists/al-capone.webp", "c": "Chicago Bureau (Federal Bureau of Investigation) - Wide World Photos. · via Wikipedia: Al Capone · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/american-nursery-rhymes/e/american-nursery-rhymes/a-tisket-a-tasket/": {"t": "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", "s": "Nursery rhyme turned jazz standard by Ella Fitzgerald."}, "https://codexery.com/ariola-records-singles/e/ariola-records-singles/dream-a-little-dream-of-me/": {"t": "Dream a Little Dream of Me", "s": "A 1930 standard revived by Cass Elliot in 1968."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/portuguese-people/": {"t": "Portuguese people", "s": "Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal, key in global exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/african-methodist-episcopal-church/": {"t": "African Methodist Episcopal Church", "s": "A historic Methodist denomination founded by Black Americans, rooted in Wesleyan-Arminian theology and episcopal polity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/bing-crosby/": {"t": "Bing Crosby", "s": "The voice that shaped a century."}, "https://codexery.com/vocal-harmony-groups/e/vocal-harmony-groups/the-boswell-sisters/": {"t": "The Boswell Sisters", "s": "American close harmony singing trio of the jazz and swing eras", "i": "https://codexery.com/vocal-harmony-groups/img/vocal-harmony-groups/the-boswell-sisters.webp", "c": "James Boswell · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-records-artists/e/apollo-records-artists/connee-boswell/": {"t": "Connee Boswell", "s": "Influential jazz vocalist and former member of the Boswell Sisters."}, "https://codexery.com/universal-music-group/e/universal-music-group/decca-records/": {"t": "Decca Records", "s": "British-American label known for technical innovation and diverse catalogues."}, "/e/jazz-innovators/charles-mingus/": {"t": "Charles Mingus", "s": "American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/charles-mingus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Charles Mingus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/songs-compositions/e/songs-and-compositions/a-love-supreme/": {"t": "A Love Supreme", "s": "A through-composed suite in four parts, widely considered one of the greatest masterpieces in jazz history."}, "https://codexery.com/impulse-records-albums/e/impulse-records-albums/ascension-john-coltrane-album/": {"t": "Ascension (John Coltrane album)", "s": "A watershed free jazz album by John Coltrane."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/rolling-stone/": {"t": "Rolling Stone", "s": "All the news that fits"}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/circus/": {"t": "Circus", "s": "A circus is a troupe of performers that presents a varied entertainment program."}, "https://codexery.com/turkish-inventions/e/turkish-inventions/marching-band/": {"t": "Marching band", "s": "A group of musicians performing while marching, often military-affiliated."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-drum-kit/": {"t": "The Drum kit", "s": "A single-player percussion ensemble central to modern music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-drum-kit.webp", "c": "Stephan Czuratis ( Jazz-face ) · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/e/jazz-musicians-from-detroit/billy-mitchell-saxophonist/": {"t": "Billy Mitchell (saxophonist)", "s": "Detroit-based tenor saxophonist who played with major big bands."}, "https://codexery.com/post-bop-jazz-musicians/e/post-bop-jazz-musicians/jimmy-garrison/": {"t": "Jimmy Garrison", "s": "American jazz double bassist known for his work with John Coltrane."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/rhythm/": {"t": "Rhythm", "s": "Regular recurrence of strong and weak elements in time."}, "https://codexery.com/american-male-jazz-musicians/e/american-male-jazz-musicians/rashied-ali/": {"t": "Rashied Ali", "s": "Avant-garde drummer who played with John Coltrane."}, "https://codexery.com/cti-records-artists/e/cti-records-artists/joe-farrell/": {"t": "Joe Farrell", "s": "American jazz saxophonist and flutist on CTI Records."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/alto-saxophone/": {"t": "Alto saxophone", "s": "The most common saxophone, central to jazz and classical music."}, "https://codexery.com/american-jazz-ensembles/e/american-jazz-ensembles/the-chocolate-dandies-jazz-combos/": {"t": "The Chocolate Dandies (jazz combos)", "s": "Multiple jazz combos sharing a name from a Broadway show."}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/red-allen/": {"t": "Red Allen", "s": "Trumpeter who first fully integrated Louis Armstrong's innovations."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/django-reinhardt/": {"t": "Django Reinhardt", "s": "Belgian jazz guitarist and composer, co-founder of the Quintette du Hot Club de France."}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/bronchitis/": {"t": "Bronchitis", "s": "Inflammation of the bronchi causing cough, often viral or smoking-related."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/cornet/": {"t": "Cornet", "s": "A conical-bore brass instrument with a warm, mellow tone."}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/jean-goldkette/": {"t": "Jean Goldkette", "s": "Pianist and bandleader of a landmark 1920s dance orchestra."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/romanticism/": {"t": "Romanticism", "s": "Movement valuing emotion, imagination, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/kirk-douglas/": {"t": "Kirk Douglas", "s": "The explosive star of Hollywood's Golden Age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/kirk-douglas.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kirk Douglas · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/doris-day/": {"t": "Doris Day", "s": "The girl next door with a voice that defined an era."}, "https://codexery.com/brunswick-records-artists/e/brunswick-records-artists/hoagy-carmichael/": {"t": "Hoagy Carmichael", "s": "Tin Pan Alley songwriter of enduring American classics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brunswick-records-artists/img/brunswick-records-artists/hoagy-carmichael.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hoagy Carmichael · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/otto-von-bismarck/": {"t": "Otto von Bismarck", "s": "Prussian statesman who unified Germany and became its first chancellor."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/baby-dodds/": {"t": "Baby Dodds", "s": "Pre-big band jazz drummer known for improvisation and the shimmy beat."}, "https://codexery.com/music/e/music/west-side-story/": {"t": "West Side Story", "s": "A landmark musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/sheet-music/": {"t": "Sheet music", "s": "Written musical notation enabling performance and study of music."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frank-sinatra/": {"t": "Frank Sinatra", "s": "The Chairman of the Board"}, "/e/jazz-innovators/benny-carter/": {"t": "Benny Carter", "s": "Pioneering alto saxophonist, trumpeter, and arranger who shaped the swing era and enjoyed a career spanning eight decades.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/benny-carter.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Betty Carter · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/swing-bandleaders/e/swing-bandleaders/les-brown-bandleader/": {"t": "Les Brown (bandleader)", "s": "Big-band leader for over six decades."}, "https://codexery.com/basf-artists/e/basf-artists/oscar-peterson/": {"t": "Oscar Peterson", "s": "Canadian jazz pianist and composer, considered one of the greatest."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-houston/e/jazz-musicians-from-houston/ray-bauduc/": {"t": "Ray Bauduc", "s": "Swing-era drummer and co-composer of \"Big Noise from Winnetka.\""}, "/e/jazz-innovators/dave-brubeck/": {"t": "Dave Brubeck", "s": "American jazz pianist and composer of cool jazz.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/img/jazz-innovators/dave-brubeck.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cool jazz · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/music-theory/musical-improvisation/": {"t": "Musical improvisation", "s": "Spontaneous musical composition performed in the moment."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/art-music/": {"t": "Art music", "s": "Music of high phonoaesthetic value, often contrasted with vernacular music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/musical-genres-and-styles/art-music.webp", "c": "Savonnerie manufactory · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/b-la-bart-k/": {"t": "Béla Bartók", "s": "Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/karlheinz-stockhausen/": {"t": "Karlheinz Stockhausen", "s": "German composer and pioneer of electronic music (1928–2007)"}, "https://codexery.com/dixieland-jazz-musicians/e/dixieland-jazz-musicians/steve-lacy-saxophonist/": {"t": "Steve Lacy (saxophonist)", "s": "American soprano saxophonist and composer of progressive dixieland and experimental jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/candid-records-artists/e/candid-records-artists/buell-neidlinger/": {"t": "Buell Neidlinger", "s": "American cellist and double bassist with Cecil Taylor."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-drummers/e/jazz-drummers/denis-charles/": {"t": "Denis Charles", "s": "Jazz drummer known for work with Cecil Taylor and Steve Lacy."}, "https://codexery.com/african-american-jazz-musicians/e/african-american-jazz-musicians/albert-ayler/": {"t": "Albert Ayler", "s": "Avant-garde saxophonist who redefined jazz with raw, spiritual sound."}, "https://codexery.com/byg-actuel-artists/e/byg-actuel-artists/jimmy-lyons-saxophonist/": {"t": "Jimmy Lyons (saxophonist)", "s": "Alto saxophonist, longtime member of the Cecil Taylor Unit."}, "https://codexery.com/byg-actuel-artists/e/byg-actuel-artists/sunny-murray/": {"t": "Sunny Murray", "s": "American drummer who pioneered free jazz percussion."}, "https://codexery.com/byg-actuel-artists/e/byg-actuel-artists/andrew-cyrille/": {"t": "Andrew Cyrille", "s": "Avant-garde jazz drummer known for his work with Cecil Taylor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/byg-actuel-artists/img/byg-actuel-artists/andrew-cyrille.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Andrew Cyrille · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/blues/": {"t": "Blues", "s": "Blues originated among African Americans in the Deep South around the 1860s."}, "https://codexery.com/olivia-rodrigo/e/songs/64th-annual-grammy-awards/": {"t": "64th Annual Grammy Awards", "s": "First Grammy ceremony held in Las Vegas, postponed due to COVID-19."}, "https://codexery.com/american-jazz-ensembles/e/american-jazz-ensembles/chick-corea-elektric-band/": {"t": "Chick Corea Elektric Band", "s": "Jazz fusion band led by Chick Corea, founded 1986."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/calabria/": {"t": "Calabria", "s": "Southern Italian region with Greek roots and linguistic diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/juilliard-school/": {"t": "Juilliard School", "s": "Private conservatory for dance, drama, and music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/juilliard-school.webp", "c": "Jmyjmyz814 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-jazz-musicians/e/latin-jazz-musicians/willie-bobo/": {"t": "Willie Bobo", "s": "Versatile Latin jazz percussionist who crossed stylistic boundaries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-jazz-musicians/img/latin-jazz-musicians/willie-bobo.webp", "c": "Brianmcmillen · via Wikipedia: Willie Bobo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cti-records-artists/e/cti-records-artists/herbie-mann/": {"t": "Herbie Mann", "s": "Jazz flutist who pioneered world music fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tampa-florida/": {"t": "Tampa, Florida", "s": "Major Gulf Coast city and county seat of Hillsborough County.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/tampa-florida.webp", "c": "Averette (compilation) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony/": {"t": "Sony", "s": "Japanese conglomerate known for electronics and entertainment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony.webp", "c": "Akonnchiroll · via Wikipedia: Sony · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/time-signature/": {"t": "Time signature", "s": "Indicates how many note values fit into each measure."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/music-theory/metre-music/": {"t": "Metre (music)", "s": "Metre organizes pulses into recurring patterns of strong and weak beats."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/tonality/": {"t": "Tonality", "s": "System of musical organization centered on a tonic."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-red-cross-and-red-crescent-movement/": {"t": "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement", "s": "Humanitarian movement founded to alleviate suffering and protect human life."}, "https://codexery.com/cti-records-artists/e/cti-records-artists/paul-desmond/": {"t": "Paul Desmond", "s": "Cool jazz saxophonist and composer of \"Take Five.\""}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress/": {"t": "Library of Congress", "s": "Oldest federal cultural institution and de facto national library of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/stockton-california/": {"t": "Stockton, California", "s": "Inland seaport and logistics hub founded during the California Gold Rush.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/stockton-california.webp", "c": "Ken Lund · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/harmony-music/": {"t": "Harmony (music)", "s": "Harmony combines sounds to create musical ideas."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/george-s-patton/": {"t": "George S. Patton", "s": "U.S. Army general who led Third Army across Europe in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/orchestration/": {"t": "Orchestration", "s": "The art of assigning instruments to musical parts."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/arnold-schoenberg/": {"t": "Arnold Schoenberg", "s": "Austrian-American composer."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-san-francisco/e/jazz-musicians-from-san-francisco/darius-brubeck/": {"t": "Darius Brubeck", "s": "Jazz pianist, educator, and founder of African jazz studies."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-songs-albums/e/iconic-songs-and-albums/happy-birthday-to-you/": {"t": "Happy Birthday to You", "s": "The most recognized English-language song, now in the public domain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/iconic-songs-albums/img/iconic-songs-and-albums/happy-birthday-to-you.webp", "c": "Bernd Schwabe in Hannover · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/richard-wagner/": {"t": "Richard Wagner", "s": "German composer who revolutionized opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/richard-wagner.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Wagner · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/emi/e/emi/blue-note-records/": {"t": "Blue Note Records", "s": "A seminal jazz label known for hard bop and iconic album art."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/e/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/chico-hamilton/": {"t": "Chico Hamilton", "s": "Jazz drummer and bandleader who pioneered the cello in jazz."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/e/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/buddy-collette/": {"t": "Buddy Collette", "s": "Founding member of the Chico Hamilton Quintet."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-double-bass/": {"t": "The Double bass", "s": "Largest and lowest-pitched chordophone in the modern symphony orchestra."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/e/jazz-musicians-from-los-angeles/eric-dolphy/": {"t": "Eric Dolphy", "s": "Multi-instrumentalist who expanded jazz's harmonic and instrumental boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/impulse-records-albums/e/impulse-records-albums/the-black-saint-and-the-sinner-lady/": {"t": "The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady", "s": "A single continuous composition blending jazz, classical, African, and Spanish themes."}, "https://codexery.com/african-american-jazz-musicians/e/african-american-jazz-musicians/barney-bigard/": {"t": "Barney Bigard", "s": "Clarinetist and tenor saxophonist with Duke Ellington.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-american-jazz-musicians/img/african-american-jazz-musicians/barney-bigard.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Barney Bigard · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rare-diseases/e/rare-diseases/als/": {"t": "ALS", "s": "Rare neurodegenerative disease causing progressive motor neuron loss."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-cities/e/mexican-cities/cuernavaca/": {"t": "Cuernavaca", "s": "Capital of Morelos, likely origin of Mesoamerican civilization, known for eternal spring."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/consonance-and-dissonance/": {"t": "Consonance and dissonance", "s": "Concepts defining musical stability and tension through mutual exclusion."}, "https://codexery.com/post-bop-jazz-musicians/e/post-bop-jazz-musicians/wynton-marsalis/": {"t": "Wynton Marsalis", "s": "Trumpeter, composer, educator, and jazz advocate."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/": {"t": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "s": "Classical composer and child prodigy who completed over 800 works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/ra/": {"t": "Ra", "s": "Ancient Egyptian sun god, creator of life, and first pharaoh."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/afrofuturism/": {"t": "Afrofuturism", "s": "A cultural aesthetic exploring Black futures through technology and speculation."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/avant-garde/": {"t": "Avant-garde", "s": "Experimental art challenging societal norms and artistic conventions."}, "https://codexery.com/american-male-jazz-musicians/e/american-male-jazz-musicians/marshall-allen/": {"t": "Marshall Allen", "s": "Avant-garde saxophonist and longtime leader of the Sun Ra Arkestra."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-musicians-from-philadelphia/e/jazz-musicians-from-philadelphia/john-gilmore-musician/": {"t": "John Gilmore (musician)", "s": "Tenor saxophonist devoted to Sun Ra's Arkestra."}, "https://codexery.com/byg-actuel-artists/e/byg-actuel-artists/the-sun-ra-arkestra/": {"t": "The Sun Ra Arkestra", "s": "Afrofuturist jazz ensemble led by Marshall Allen since 1995."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/psychopathy/": {"t": "Psychopathy", "s": "A personality construct marked by impaired empathy and antisocial behavior."}}