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Campbell Island, New Zealand

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Campbell Island, New Zealand

Vallee · CC BY-SA 4.0

Campbell Island is an extinct alkaline shield volcano that has been worn down by marine erosion.[1] The island has a maritime tundra climate with an annual rainfall of 1329 mm and only 647 hours of bright sunshine annually.[2]

Campbell Island Landscape
Campbell Island Landscape. Image: Albatross2147 at English Wikipedia · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Geography and history

Campbell Island was discovered in 1810 by Captain Frederick Hasselborough of the sealing brig Perseverance.[3] In December 1840, Campbell Island was the last landfall before the Ross expedition explored the Antarctic.[4] On 4 November 1810, Captain Frederick Hasselborough, along with a young woman and a boy, perished by drowning in Perseverance Harbour.[3] Sealing operations on the island led to the near-complete extermination of its seal population.[5]

Campbell Island New Zealand geographic map en
Campbell Island New Zealand geographic map en. Image: ikonact · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Between 1810 and 1912, a total of 49 recorded vessels engaged in sealing activities at the island.[5] The reverse side of the fifth series New Zealand five-dollar note, issued in 1992, features a scene from Campbell Island.[6] The island's official name was changed to Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku after the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 was passed.[7] A single Sitka spruce, believed to be over a century old and considered the world's most remote tree, grows on Campbell Island.[8]

Campbell Island, New Zealand scene
Campbell Island, New Zealand scene. Image: Albatross2147 at en.wikipedia · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What the cited sources add

William Tucker was present on the Aurora when the drowning accident happened.[9] Tucker became the source of a legend and a novel due to the sealing era's early place in Australasia's European history.[10] Jacinda Amey was given the New Zealand Cross, the highest civilian bravery award, for helping a wounded colleague out of the water after a great white shark attack.[11][12] Will Lawson's 1945 novel "The Lady of the Heather" blends factual events with fictional elements concerning the death of Captain Hasselburg.[9]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bailey, "Subantarctic Campbell Island", Denver Museum of Natural History, 1962, p. 25; Adams, "Age and correlation of volcanic rocks of Campbell Island and Metamorphic basement of the Campbell Plateau, South-west Pacific", New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1979, p. 679–691; Quilty, "ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SUB-ANTARCTIC ISLANDS: THE FOUNDATION", Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 2007, p. 42 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: NZ Govt report on eradication of Norway rats (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: The Antarctic Dictionary; Peter Entwisle, "Taka: A Vignette Life of William Tucker 1784-1817 : Convict, Sealer, Trader in Human Heads, Otago Settler, New Zealand's First Art Dealer", Port Daniel Press, 2005, p. 73 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ross, "A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, during the Years 1839-43. Volume 1.", John Murray, 1847, p. 154–164 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: R.K. Headland, Historical Antarctic Sealing Industry, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, 2018, p.166. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Explaining New Zealand's Currency", Reserve Bank of New Zealand (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Guinness Book of World Records", Guinness World Records Limited, 2013, p. 41; The Lone Tree of Campbell Island – Sub-Antarctic Science. Subantarcticscience.wordpress.com (13 April 2012). Retrieved 2 August 2013 - "The only tree on Campbel; Blog and News from . the Centre for Science Communication (15 February 2012). Retrieved 2 August 2013.; "Loneliest Tree", Radio New Zealand, 2013-12-19; Amos, "'Loneliest tree' records human epoch", BBC News, 2018-02-19 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Tekeli-li" or Hollow Earth Lives: A Bibliography of Antarctic Fiction; "Tragic Drownings at Campbell Island, The Sealer's Shanty"; Hindmarsh, "Myth and mystery behind Campbell Island's 'royal' resident", Stuff, 16 May 2020; Lawson, Will, The Lady of the Heather, Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney & London 1945 (First Edition Oswald-Sealy (NZ) Ltd., ) (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Peter Entwisle, Taka: a Vignette Life of William Tucker 1784-1817, Dunedin: Port Daniel Press, 2005, , pp.73-75. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. Recipients of the New Zealand Cross: Jacinda Margaret Amey – date of act: 24 April 1992; year of award: 1999. facts only, no text reused. medals.nzdf.mil.nz
  12. Wikipedia, "Campbell Island, New Zealand" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Quayle, "History of the Campbell Island Meteorological Station", Weather and Climate, 1995, p. 7–9; Recipients of the New Zealand Cross: Jacinda Margaret Amey – date of act: 24 April 1992; year of award: 1999; Funnell, J. (4 October 2016)."Daring Adventures of a Search and Rescue Pilot". Radio New Zealand. (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Campbell Island, New Zealand (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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