{"https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/territory/": {"t": "Territory", "s": "A geographic area under external jurisdiction, not self-governing."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/arctic-archipelago/": {"t": "Arctic Archipelago", "s": "The Canadian Arctic Archipelago: a vast, mostly uninhabited high-Arctic land of over 36,000 islands."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Earth's magnetic field", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/fold-mountains/": {"t": "Fold mountains", "s": "Mountains formed by crustal folding at convergent plate boundaries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/fold-mountains.webp", "c": "Sten · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/canadian-shield/": {"t": "Canadian Shield", "s": "Ancient geologic core of North America, rich in minerals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/canadian-shield.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Canadian Shield · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/igneous-rock/": {"t": "Igneous rock", "s": "One of the three main rock types, formed from cooling magma or lava."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/metamorphic-rock/": {"t": "Metamorphic rock", "s": "Rock transformed by heat and pressure without melting."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/sea-ice/": {"t": "Sea ice", "s": "Frozen seawater that shapes climate, navigation, and polar ecosystems."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baffin-bay/": {"t": "Baffin Bay", "s": "Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean between Baffin Island and Greenland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baffin-bay.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Baffin Bay · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/davis-strait/": {"t": "Davis Strait", "s": "A southern arm of the Arctic Ocean between Greenland and Baffin Island, known for fierce tides and geological complexity."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/e/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-york-greenland/": {"t": "Cape York (Greenland)", "s": "Cape on northwestern Greenland, delimiting Melville Bay."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/inuit/": {"t": "Inuit", "s": "Inuit are Indigenous Arctic peoples descended from the Thule culture."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/baffin-island/": {"t": "Baffin Island", "s": "Largest Canadian island, inhabited for at least 3,000 years."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-franklin-expedition/": {"t": "The Franklin Expedition", "s": "British Arctic expedition that vanished seeking the Northwest Passage."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/polar-explorers/e/polar-explorers/robert-peary/": {"t": "Robert Peary", "s": "American explorer who claimed to have reached the North Pole in 1909.", "i": "https://codexery.com/polar-explorers/img/polar-explorers/robert-peary.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Peary · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-shelf/": {"t": "Ice shelf", "s": "Floating glacial ice platforms that moderate glacier flow."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/roald-amundsen/": {"t": "Roald Amundsen", "s": "Norwegian polar explorer who reached both the South and North Poles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/roald-amundsen.webp", "c": "Anonymous Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/independence/": {"t": "Independence", "s": "Condition of self-government and sovereignty over a territory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/independence.webp", "c": "Ruger, A. · Public domain"}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea/": {"t": "New Guinea", "s": "The world's second-largest island, rich in biodiversity and cultural history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German New Guinea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/oceania/": {"t": "Oceania", "s": "The smallest continent, spanning the Pacific's vast ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/longitude/": {"t": "Longitude", "s": "The east-west coordinate that, with latitude, pinpoints any location on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/longitude.webp", "c": "Original:  Pearson Scott Forman Vector:  Gregors · via Wikipedia: Longitude · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanic-island/": {"t": "Volcanic island", "s": "Volcanic islands are high islands of volcanic origin."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/trust-territory-of-the-pacific-islands/": {"t": "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands", "s": "UN trust territory in Micronesia administered by the US from 1947 to 1994."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/micronesians/": {"t": "Micronesians", "s": "Indigenous peoples of Micronesia, a region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/yap/": {"t": "Yap", "s": "Yap is a high island group known for stone money and a preserved caste system."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/artificial-island/": {"t": "Artificial island", "s": "Human-made landforms built for settlement, defense, or economic purposes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/artificial-island.webp", "c": "Luka Peternel · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/maluku-islands/": {"t": "Maluku Islands", "s": "The Spice Islands at the crossroads of Asia and Oceania.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/maluku-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Maluku Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/spanish-empire/": {"t": "Spanish Empire", "s": "A global colonial empire spanning four centuries and multiple continents."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas/": {"t": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "s": "The 1494 treaty that divided the non-European world between Portugal and Castile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/treaty-of-tordesillas.webp", "c": "Koppchen · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/german-empire/e/german-empire/carolines-question/": {"t": "Carolines Question", "s": "An 1885 dispute between Germany and Spain over the Caroline Islands and Palau, resolved by papal arbitration."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/south-seas-mandate/": {"t": "South Seas Mandate", "s": "Japanese League of Nations mandate over north Pacific islands."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/public-law/e/public-law/trustee/": {"t": "Trustee", "s": "A holder of property or authority for another's benefit."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/northern-mariana-islands/": {"t": "Northern Mariana Islands", "s": "U.S. territory in the Pacific, settled by Austronesian peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/pacific-islands-forum/": {"t": "Pacific Islands Forum", "s": "Enhancing cooperation across Oceania since 1971"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/russo-ukrainian-war-2022-present/": {"t": "Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)", "s": "Largest war in Europe since World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/municipality/": {"t": "Municipality", "s": "A general-purpose administrative subdivision with self-government powers."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wind/": {"t": "Wind", "s": "The natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/el-ni-o-southern-oscillation/": {"t": "El Niño–Southern Oscillation", "s": "A global climate phenomenon driven by winds and sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/el-ni-o-southern-oscillation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: El Niño–Southern Oscillation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seafood/e/seafood/tuna/": {"t": "Tuna", "s": "Fast, warm-blooded, and prized worldwide — tuna are among the ocean's most remarkable fish.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seafood/img/seafood/tuna.webp", "c": "NOAA · via Wikipedia: Tuna · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/polynesians/": {"t": "Polynesians", "s": "Polynesians are an ethnolinguistic group native to the Polynesian Triangle, known for their ancient navigation skills and Austronesian heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/tahiti/": {"t": "Tahiti", "s": "Largest island of French Polynesia, settled by Polynesians by 1100 CE.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/tahiti.webp", "c": "Fred the Oyster · via Wikipedia: Tahiti · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/clipperton-island/": {"t": "Clipperton Island", "s": "Uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/polynesia/": {"t": "Polynesia", "s": "A vast subregion of Oceania, Polynesia encompasses over 1,000 islands across the central and southern Pacific, united by shared language, culture, and tradition", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/polynesia.webp", "c": "Hobe / Holger Behr · via Wikipedia: Polynesia · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan/": {"t": "Ferdinand Magellan", "s": "Portuguese explorer who planned and led the first circumnavigation of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/pedro-fernandes-de-queir-s/": {"t": "Pedro Fernandes de Queirós", "s": "Portuguese navigator who sought Terra Australis for Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/jacob-roggeveen/": {"t": "Jacob Roggeveen", "s": "Dutch explorer who discovered Easter Island on Easter Sunday."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/louis-antoine-de-bougainville/": {"t": "Louis Antoine de Bougainville", "s": "French explorer who led the first French circumnavigation."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/james-cook/": {"t": "James Cook", "s": "British Royal Navy officer who mapped much of the Pacific and Southern Oceans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/james-cook.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: James Cook · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-mission/": {"t": "Christian mission", "s": "Organized efforts to spread Christianity across boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/part-1/fumimaro-konoe/": {"t": "Fumimaro Konoe", "s": "Japanese prime minister who led Japan into war with China and the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/parliamentary-system/": {"t": "Parliamentary system", "s": "Government based on parliamentary confidence and fusion of powers."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/head-of-government/": {"t": "Head of government", "s": "Chief executive official presiding over a government cabinet."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/cook-islands/": {"t": "Cook Islands", "s": "Self-governing island nation in free association with New Zealand"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-france/": {"t": "Government of France", "s": "Executive power of the French Fifth Republic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-france.webp", "c": "Rsmn · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france/": {"t": "Metropolitan France", "s": "European portion of France, including mainland and Corsica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Metropolitan France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/other/e/other/overseas-france/": {"t": "Overseas France", "s": "Thirteen non-European territories under French sovereignty.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other/img/other/overseas-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Overseas France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/overseas-chinese/": {"t": "Overseas Chinese", "s": "People of Chinese ancestry living and working outside Greater China."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/xenophobia/": {"t": "Xenophobia", "s": "Fear or dislike of people perceived as foreign or strange."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hakka-chinese/": {"t": "Hakka Chinese", "s": "A Chinese language group with many dialects, spoken by the Hakka people."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ecuador/": {"t": "Ecuador", "s": "A megadiverse nation straddling the equator, from the Andes to the Galápagos."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/natural-selection/": {"t": "Natural selection", "s": "The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in fitness."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples-of-south-america/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples of South America", "s": "Descendants of first South Americans, diverse in culture and subsistence."}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/the-golden-age-of-piracy/": {"t": "The Golden Age of Piracy", "s": "Era of maritime piracy from the 1650s to the 1730s."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-lagomorphs/e/rodents-and-lagomorphs/black-rat/": {"t": "Black rat", "s": "A synanthropic rodent of global distribution and historical significance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-lagomorphs/img/rodents-and-lagomorphs/black-rat.webp", "c": "Courtesy of NIAID Ryan Kissinger · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-lagomorphs/e/rodents-and-lagomorphs/brown-rat/": {"t": "Brown rat", "s": "A widespread, adaptable rodent that thrives alongside humans."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/invasive-species/": {"t": "Invasive species", "s": "Introduced species that cause ecological or economic harm."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/panama-canal/": {"t": "Panama Canal", "s": "A 82 km artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through Panama.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/panama-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Geography of Panama · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/renewable-energy/": {"t": "Renewable energy", "s": "Energy from replenished natural resources, increasingly replacing fossil fuels."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/christopher-columbus/": {"t": "Christopher Columbus", "s": "Italian explorer who opened the Americas to European colonization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/christopher-columbus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanism/": {"t": "Volcanism", "s": "Eruption of molten material from a planet or moon's interior."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/cocos-plate/": {"t": "Cocos plate", "s": "Young oceanic plate subducting under Central America."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/hotspot-geology/": {"t": "Hotspot (geology)", "s": "Volcanic locales fed by anomalously hot mantle, independent of plate boundaries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/hotspot-geology.webp", "c": "Los688 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/asthenosphere/": {"t": "Asthenosphere", "s": "Ductile upper mantle layer enabling plate tectonics."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/oceanic-crust/": {"t": "Oceanic crust", "s": "Thinner, denser layer of tectonic plates beneath the oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/lithosphere/": {"t": "Lithosphere", "s": "The rigid outer shell of Earth, comprising the crust and lithospheric mantle."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/spaniards/": {"t": "Spaniards", "s": "Spaniards are an ethnic group indigenous to Spain with a global legacy."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/national-park/": {"t": "National park", "s": "Preserving wild nature for posterity and national pride."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hispaniola/": {"t": "Hispaniola", "s": "Caribbean island divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/lesser-antilles/": {"t": "Lesser Antilles", "s": "An arc of islands forming the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/lesser-antilles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lesser Antilles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/cayman-islands/": {"t": "Cayman Islands", "s": "A self-governing British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean, known for its high standard of living and status as a major offshore financial centre."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/canary-islands/": {"t": "Canary Islands", "s": "The Fortunate Isles: a subtropical archipelago linking Africa, Europe, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade/": {"t": "Atlantic slave trade", "s": "Transatlantic transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade.webp", "c": "Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/encomienda/": {"t": "Encomienda", "s": "A Spanish labor system that entrusts conquered peoples to conquerors."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-haitian-revolution/": {"t": "The Haitian Revolution", "s": "A successful insurrection by enslaved Africans against French colonial rule, leading to the founding of Haiti.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/img/great-collapses/the-haitian-revolution.webp", "c": "Miscellaneous Items in High Demand, PPOC, Library of Congress · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/latin-america/": {"t": "Latin America", "s": "The cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/latin-america.webp", "c": "Henrykez · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/western-hemisphere/": {"t": "Western Hemisphere", "s": "U.S. Department of Defense school for Latin American security personnel, formerly the School of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/cuban-revolution/": {"t": "Cuban Revolution", "s": "Overthrew Batista; reshaped Cuba and Cold War Latin America."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/caribbean-plate/": {"t": "Caribbean plate", "s": "A mostly oceanic plate underlying Central America and the Caribbean Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/e/world-capital-cities/port-au-prince/": {"t": "Port-au-Prince", "s": "Capital of Haiti, shaped by colonial history and modern crises.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/img/world-capital-cities/port-au-prince.webp", "c": "W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/human-development-index/": {"t": "Human Development Index", "s": "Composite index measuring life expectancy, education, and income per capita."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/haitian-creole/": {"t": "Haitian Creole", "s": "A French-based creole with Atlantic-Congo structural influences, spoken by over 13 million people."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-sheet/": {"t": "Ice sheet", "s": "Massive glacial ice covering land, driving sea level and climate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/ice-sheet.webp", "c": "Jeremy Harbeck (NASA) · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sediment/": {"t": "Sediment", "s": "Loose particles transported and deposited by natural processes."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/passive-margin/": {"t": "Passive margin", "s": "Non-active plate boundary between continental and oceanic lithosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/height-above-mean-sea-level/": {"t": "Height above mean sea level", "s": "Vertical distance referenced to historic mean sea level.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/height-above-mean-sea-level.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/labrador-sea/": {"t": "Labrador Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the North Atlantic, key to deep-water formation and home to the vast NAMOC channel system."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/water-cycle/": {"t": "Water cycle", "s": "Continuous movement of water across Earth's reservoirs."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/p-38-lightning/": {"t": "P-38 Lightning", "s": "Twin-boom fighter used across all roles in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/airliners/e/airliners/airbus-a380/": {"t": "Airbus A380", "s": "The world's largest passenger airliner and the only full-length double-deck jet airliner.", "i": "https://codexery.com/airliners/img/airliners/airbus-a380.webp", "c": "GT1976 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/south-china-sea/": {"t": "South China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, vital to global trade and fishing."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/spratly-islands/": {"t": "Spratly Islands", "s": "Disputed archipelago in the South China Sea with strategic and resource significance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/img/coral-reefs/spratly-islands.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/reform-and-opening-up/": {"t": "Reform and opening up", "s": "Economic reforms that transformed China's economy after 1978."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/deng-xiaoping/": {"t": "Deng Xiaoping", "s": "Architect of modern China and paramount leader from 1978 to 1989"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/yue-chinese/": {"t": "Yue Chinese", "s": "A major Sinitic branch centered on Guangzhou and Hong Kong."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kra-dai-languages/": {"t": "Kra–Dai languages", "s": "A tonal language family spanning Southeast Asia and southern China."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/ethnic-group/": {"t": "Ethnic group", "s": "A human group sharing perceived common attributes and identity."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/leizhou-peninsula/": {"t": "Leizhou Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula in southern Guangdong with volcanic fields and historical piracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/leizhou-peninsula.webp", "c": "User:Vmenkov · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-literary-voices/e/asian-literary-voices/su-shi/": {"t": "Su Shi", "s": "Song dynasty literatus, exiled official, and prolific artist."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Largest Asian war of the 20th century, intertwined with World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer, Ministry of the Navy · via Wikipedia: Second Sino-Japanese War · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/renminbi/": {"t": "Renminbi", "s": "Official currency of the People's Republic of China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/renminbi.webp", "c": "White whirlwind · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/tropical-climate/": {"t": "Tropical climate", "s": "A hot, humid climate group with two seasons and small temperature ranges.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/tropical-climate.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/fungus/": {"t": "Fungus", "s": "Eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families/e/plant-families/poaceae/": {"t": "Poaceae", "s": "True grasses, the most economically important plant family."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/family-taxonomy/": {"t": "Family (taxonomy)", "s": "Taxonomic rank between order and genus in Linnaean classification."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/crop/": {"t": "Crop", "s": "Crops are cultivated plants harvested for human use."}, "https://codexery.com/fruit-trees-berries/e/fruit-trees-and-berries/cashew/": {"t": "Cashew", "s": "Tropical tree yielding the cashew nut and apple."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/senate/": {"t": "Senate", "s": "A deliberative assembly, often the upper house of a bicameral legislature."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/tropic-of-cancer/": {"t": "Tropic of Cancer", "s": "Northernmost latitude where the Sun appears directly overhead."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/physical-geography/": {"t": "Physical geography", "s": "The branch of natural science dealing with Earth's natural environment and its processes."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united-states/papah-naumoku-kea-marine-national-monument/": {"t": "Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument", "s": "One of the world's largest protected marine areas."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/multiracial-people/": {"t": "Multiracial people", "s": "Individuals of two or more races, significant globally."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/union-jack/": {"t": "Union Jack", "s": "National flag of the United Kingdom, also called the Union Jack.", "i": "https://codexery.com/british-empire/img/british-empire/union-jack.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Union Jack · PD"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor/": {"t": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "s": "Surprise Japanese air raid on US Pacific Fleet, December 7, 1941.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor.webp", "c": "Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Katarzyna Kobiljak · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/cost-of-living/": {"t": "Cost of living", "s": "Cost of living measures the expense of a given standard of living."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/hawaiian-language/": {"t": "Hawaiian language", "s": "The historic native language of the Hawaiian people, critically endangered but undergoing revival."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mount-everest/": {"t": "Mount Everest", "s": "Earth's highest mountain above sea level, on the China–Nepal border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/img/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mount-everest.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1996 Mount Everest disaster · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/magma/": {"t": "Magma", "s": "Molten rock beneath Earth's surface, source of all igneous rocks."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/haleakal/": {"t": "Haleakalā", "s": "Active shield volcano forming over 75% of Maui."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/k-lauea/": {"t": "Kīlauea", "s": "An active shield volcano on Hawaii Island, Kīlauea is among the most active volcanoes on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/temperate-climate/": {"t": "Temperate climate", "s": "Middle-latitude climates with distinct seasons and moderate temperatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/temperate-climate.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/trade-winds/": {"t": "Trade winds", "s": "Prevailing east-to-west winds that have shaped global exploration, weather, and dust transport.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/trade-winds.webp", "c": "Peter Trimming · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/american-cuisine/e/american-cuisine/american-cuisine/": {"t": "American cuisine", "s": "A melting pot of regional traditions and global influences.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-cuisine/img/american-cuisine/american-cuisine.webp", "c": "Illian, George, 1894-1932, United States Food Administration · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/oral-tradition/": {"t": "Oral tradition", "s": "A vital medium of human communication across generations."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/greater-antilles/": {"t": "Greater Antilles", "s": "The larger islands of the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/greater-antilles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Greater Antilles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/tortuga/": {"t": "Tortuga", "s": "17th-century Caribbean pirate haven off the coast of Haiti."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "French colonial empire", "s": "Overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandates under French rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire.webp", "c": "M. G. Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/dominic-de-guzm-n/": {"t": "Dominic de Guzmán", "s": "Castilian priest who founded the Dominican Order."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples-of-the-americas/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "s": "Native peoples of the Americas with diverse cultures and languages."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/bartolom-de-las-casas/": {"t": "Bartolomé de las Casas", "s": "Spanish cleric and activist who fought colonial abuse of Indigenous peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/e/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/diego-columbus/": {"t": "Diego Columbus", "s": "Son of Christopher Columbus, he governed the Indies and fought for his father's titles."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-revolutionary-wars/": {"t": "French Revolutionary Wars", "s": "The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major military conflicts sparked by the French Revolution, lasting from 1792 to 1802."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/pottery/": {"t": "Pottery", "s": "One of the oldest human inventions, fired clay objects."}, "https://codexery.com/jamaican-cuisine/e/jamaican-cuisine/cassava/": {"t": "Cassava", "s": "A drought-tolerant tropical staple feeding over 500 million people.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jamaican-cuisine/img/jamaican-cuisine/cassava.webp", "c": "Mokkie · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/kalinago/": {"t": "Kalinago", "s": "Indigenous people of the Lesser Antilles, historically known as Island Caribs."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/alonso-de-ojeda/": {"t": "Alonso de Ojeda", "s": "Spanish explorer who led early expeditions along the Venezuelan coast."}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/region/": {"t": "Region", "s": "Spatial divisions of Earth's surface with definable characteristics."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/honshu/": {"t": "Honshu", "s": "Japan's largest and most populous main island"}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/kuril-islands/": {"t": "Kuril Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago disputed between Russia and Japan since 1945.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/kuril-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kuril Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/tsugaru-strait/": {"t": "Tsugaru Strait", "s": "Strait between Honshu and Hokkaido, site of Seikan Tunnel."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/osaka-prefecture/": {"t": "Osaka Prefecture", "s": "Second-most densely populated prefecture in Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/kyoto-prefecture/": {"t": "Kyoto Prefecture", "s": "Historic imperial capital and cultural center of Japan.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/kyoto-prefecture.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kyoto Prefecture · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/tokyo/": {"t": "Tokyo", "s": "The capital of Japan, a global hub of economy, culture, and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/j-mon-period/": {"t": "Jōmon period", "s": "The Jōmon period: a 14,000-year era of hunter-gatherer complexity and cultural diversity in ancient Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/heian-period/": {"t": "Heian period", "s": "A period of peace, cultural flowering, and Fujiwara dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/oshima-peninsula/": {"t": "Oshima Peninsula", "s": "Southernmost part of Hokkaidō, home to active volcanoes and Matsumae Castle."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/edo-period/": {"t": "Edo period", "s": "Period of Tokugawa rule marked by peace, isolation, and cultural flourishing."}, "https://codexery.com/oni/e/oni/emishi/": {"t": "Emishi", "s": "Ancient people of northern Honshū who resisted Yamato expansion."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/yamato-people/": {"t": "Yamato people", "s": "The Yamato people are the dominant ethnic group of Japan, descending from the Yayoi and Jōmon peoples, with a history tied to the Yamato clan and imperial dynas"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/vladivostok/": {"t": "Vladivostok", "s": "Vladivostok: Russia's Pacific capital and gateway to the East."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/ulysses-s-grant/": {"t": "Ulysses S. Grant", "s": "18th U.S. President and Commanding General of the Union Army"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/mexican-american-war/": {"t": "Mexican–American War", "s": "The Mexican–American War, known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, was an invasion of Mexico by "}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/japanese-language/": {"t": "Japanese language", "s": "The principal language of the Japonic family, spoken by over 123 million people, primarily in Japan."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hokkaido/": {"t": "Hokkaido", "s": "Hokkaido is Japan’s northernmost main island and the second largest of the four."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/kyushu/": {"t": "Kyushu", "s": "Japan's southern gateway, rich in volcanic landscapes and ancient heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-japan/": {"t": "Sea of Japan", "s": "A marginal sea shaped by isolation, geology, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/kyoto/": {"t": "Kyoto", "s": "The thousand-year capital of Japan, where imperial history and cultural heritage endure."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/megalopolis/": {"t": "Megalopolis", "s": "A clustered network of big cities, perceived as a continuous urban area through shared systems."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-biwa/": {"t": "Lake Biwa", "s": "Japan's largest and one of the world's oldest freshwater lakes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-biwa.webp", "c": "Takashi Hososhima from Tokyo, Japan · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/kobe/": {"t": "Kobe", "s": "Major Japanese port city and capital of Hyōgo Prefecture."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/hiroshima/": {"t": "Hiroshima", "s": "First city targeted by a nuclear weapon in history."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/stone-age/": {"t": "Stone Age", "s": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/stone-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean civilization · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-age/": {"t": "Ice age", "s": "A period of prolonged cooling leading to expansion of glaciers and ice caps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/ice-age.webp", "c": "Druyts.t · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics/": {"t": "Plate tectonics", "s": "Scientific theory of Earth's moving lithospheric plates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics.webp", "c": "Surachit · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/convergent-boundary/": {"t": "Convergent boundary", "s": "A zone where lithospheric plates collide and subduct."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/japanese-alps/": {"t": "Japanese Alps", "s": "Mountain ranges in central Honshu, Japan, named after the European Alps."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/metropolitan-area/": {"t": "Metropolitan area", "s": "A region of dense urban core and integrated surrounding territories."}, "https://codexery.com/bridges/e/great-bridges/akashi-kaikyo-bridge/": {"t": "Akashi Kaikyo Bridge", "s": "The longest suspension bridge span in the world until 2022.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bridges/img/great-bridges/akashi-kaikyo-bridge.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/chiba-prefecture/": {"t": "Chiba Prefecture", "s": "Chiba Prefecture: Eastern gateway to Tokyo, home to Narita Airport and the Keiyō Industrial Zone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/chiba-prefecture.webp", "c": "Ineshima · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/fukushima-prefecture/": {"t": "Fukushima Prefecture", "s": "Fukushima Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/niigata-prefecture/": {"t": "Niigata Prefecture", "s": "Prefecture on the Sea of Japan, known for rice and sake."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/irish-sea/": {"t": "Irish Sea", "s": "The Irish Sea is a 46,007 km2 body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/irish-sea.webp", "c": "Irish_Sea_4.82844W_53.54821N.png: NASA\nderivative work: Dr Greg · via Wikipedia: Irish Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/head-of-state/": {"t": "Head of state", "s": "The public persona of a sovereign state."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/parliament/": {"t": "Parliament", "s": "A legislature representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing government."}, "https://codexery.com/cat-breeds/e/cat-breeds/manx/": {"t": "Manx", "s": "A tailless cat breed from the Isle of Man."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/natural-history-pliny/": {"t": "Natural History (Pliny)", "s": "Roman encyclopedia covering the natural world and human life."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/lenition/": {"t": "Lenition", "s": "A sound change that weakens consonants."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-objects/e/mythological-objects/crane-bag/": {"t": "Crane-bag", "s": "Magical crane-bag owned by Manannán, full of treasures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-objects/img/mythological-objects/crane-bag.webp", "c": "Liberaler Humanist · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/northern-ireland/": {"t": "Northern Ireland", "s": "The main public broadcaster in Northern Ireland, part of the BBC national regions."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/wales/": {"t": "Wales", "s": "A country of mountains, coast, and ancient culture, part of the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/republic-of-ireland/": {"t": "Republic of Ireland", "s": "The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe, occupying 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/shingle-beach/": {"t": "Shingle beach", "s": "A steep, narrow beach of smooth, waterworn gravel."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/irish-language/": {"t": "Irish language", "s": "Irish is a Celtic language native to Ireland, with a rich literary history and official status in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the European Un"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/ujung-kulon-national-park/": {"t": "Ujung Kulon National Park", "s": "Last refuge of the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/borobudur/": {"t": "Borobudur", "s": "9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Central Java, Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/prambanan/": {"t": "Prambanan", "s": "9th-century Hindu temple compound in Java, Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-indonesia/sangiran/": {"t": "Sangiran", "s": "Major fossil site for early human ancestors in Java."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/subduction/": {"t": "Subduction", "s": "Subduction recycles lithosphere into the mantle, driving plate tectonics."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/javanese-language/": {"t": "Javanese language", "s": "The largest Austronesian language by native speakers, spoken by over 68 million people primarily in Java, Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/sundanese-language/": {"t": "Sundanese language", "s": "Austronesian language spoken by 32 million in western Java."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/javanese-people/": {"t": "Javanese people", "s": "Largest ethnic group in Indonesia and Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/east-java/": {"t": "East Java", "s": "Land of Majapahit and Bromo", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/east-java.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Java · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/indonesian-language/": {"t": "Indonesian language", "s": "The official and national language of Indonesia, a standardized variety of Malay spoken by over 97% of the population."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/banten/": {"t": "Banten", "s": "Westernmost province of Java, Indonesia, with a rich sultanate history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/banten.webp", "c": "Geospatial Information Agency of Indonesia · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/west-java/": {"t": "West Java", "s": "The most populous province of Indonesia, homeland of the Sundanese people."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/central-java/": {"t": "Central Java", "s": "The Heart of Javanese Culture", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/central-java.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Java · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/special-region-of-yogyakarta/": {"t": "Special Region of Yogyakarta", "s": "The only officially recognized diarchy in Indonesia, a cultural heartland on Java."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/tamil-language/": {"t": "Tamil language", "s": "Tamil (தமிழ், Tamiḻ) is a Dravidian language native to the Tamil people, primarily spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherr"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/pali/": {"t": "Pali", "s": "Sacred language of Theravada Buddhism and the Tipiṭaka."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-classical-texts/e/ancient-and-classical-texts/geography-ptolemy/": {"t": "Geography (Ptolemy)", "s": "A 2nd-century gazetteer and atlas foundational to later cartography."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/mandarin-chinese/": {"t": "Mandarin Chinese", "s": "Largest Sinitic language branch, basis of Standard Chinese.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/mandarin-chinese.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sumatra/": {"t": "Sumatra", "s": "Large Indonesian island with rich history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/sumatra.webp", "c": "Sadalmelik · via Wikipedia: Sumatra · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/bali/": {"t": "Bali", "s": "Island of the Gods"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/borneo/": {"t": "Borneo", "s": "Third-largest island, divided among three sovereign states."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/sunda-strait/": {"t": "Sunda Strait", "s": "Strait between Java and Sumatra, historically vital shipping route."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/mount-merapi/": {"t": "Mount Merapi", "s": "Most active volcano in Indonesia, erupting regularly since 1548."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/surabaya/": {"t": "Surabaya", "s": "Surabaya: Bravely facing danger on the Madura Strait."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/dry-season/": {"t": "Dry season", "s": "A yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/dry-season.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wet-season/": {"t": "Wet season", "s": "The time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs, lasting at least one month."}, "https://codexery.com/iucn-category-ii/e/iucn-category-ii/alas-purwo-national-park/": {"t": "Alas Purwo National Park", "s": "A Javanese park of ancient forest, banteng, and world-class surf."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/dutch-people/": {"t": "Dutch people", "s": "Ethnic group native to the Netherlands, with global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/hallasan/": {"t": "Hallasan", "s": "The shield volcano that forms the heart of Jeju Island, South Korea's highest peak."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/submarine-volcano/": {"t": "Submarine volcano", "s": "Underwater vents where magma erupts, shaping seafloor and ecosystems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/submarine-volcano.webp", "c": "NOAA / National Science Foundation · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/subtropics/": {"t": "Subtropics", "s": "Climate zones between tropics and temperate regions, with hot summers and mild winters."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/russian-far-east/": {"t": "Russian Far East", "s": "The easternmost part of Russia and Asia, coextensive with the Far Eastern Federal District."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/kamchatka-peninsula/": {"t": "Kamchatka Peninsula", "s": "Volcanic peninsula in the Russian Far East, part of the Ring of Fire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/kamchatka-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kamchatka Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-okhotsk/": {"t": "Sea of Okhotsk", "s": "Coldest sea in East Asia, seasonally ice-covered."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-peoples/": {"t": "Indigenous peoples", "s": "Indigenous peoples are diverse groups with ancestral ties to traditional territories."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/stratovolcano/": {"t": "Stratovolcano", "s": "Steep, explosive volcanoes built from alternating lava and tephra layers"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/hot-spring/": {"t": "Hot spring", "s": "A spring produced by geothermally heated groundwater.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/hot-spring.webp", "c": "Continental Stereoscopic Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/fumarole/": {"t": "Fumarole", "s": "Volcanic vents that emit steam and gases, occasionally with small amounts of liquid or fine solid particles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/fumarole.webp", "c": "USGS · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/manchuria/": {"t": "Manchuria", "s": "Historical region in Northeast Asia, homeland of the Manchus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/manchuria.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/bog/": {"t": "Bog", "s": "A peat-accumulating wetland that is acidic and nutrient-poor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/bog.webp", "c": "CaitNi · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/e/marine-invertebrates/sea-urchin/": {"t": "Sea urchin", "s": "Spiny marine echinoderms studied as model organisms since the 19th century.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-invertebrates/img/marine-invertebrates/sea-urchin.webp", "c": "Nhobgood (talk) Nick Hobgood · via Wikipedia: Sea urchin · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/marine-fish-genera/e/marine-fish-genera/pollachius/": {"t": "Pollachius", "s": "A genus of two North Atlantic fish known as pollock.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marine-fish-genera/img/marine-fish-genera/pollachius.webp", "c": "This illustration was made by Citron\nYou must credit this : Citron / CC-BY-SA-3.0 · via Wikipedia: Pollock · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/guillemot/": {"t": "Guillemot", "s": "Seabirds known for pear-shaped eggs and cliffside colonies."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/cormorant/": {"t": "Cormorant", "s": "Medium-to-large fish-eating seabirds with hooked bills and webbed feet, found worldwide except the central Pacific islands."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-tentative-list/e/world-heritage-tentative-list/commander-islands/": {"t": "Commander Islands", "s": "Remote Russian archipelago in the Bering Sea, rich in wildlife."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/mammals/red-fox/": {"t": "Red Fox", "s": "The biggest true fox and the most widespread carnivoran on Earth, at home from tundra to city streets."}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/arctic-fox/": {"t": "Arctic fox", "s": "Small Arctic predator with the warmest fur of any mammal."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/brown-bear/": {"t": "Brown bear", "s": "Large omnivorous bear native to Eurasia and North America."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/big-cats/leopard/": {"t": "Leopard", "s": "The leopard (Panthera pardus) is a solitary, spotted big cat adapted to diverse habitats across Africa and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bigcats/img/big-cats/leopard.webp", "c": "Thomas Fuhrmann · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/shiretoko-peninsula/": {"t": "Shiretoko Peninsula", "s": "Southernmost point where sea ice usually forms in the Northern Hemisphere."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/fukuoka/": {"t": "Fukuoka", "s": "Ancient gateway city and modern hub of Kyushu."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/mount-aso/": {"t": "Mount Aso", "s": "Second largest active volcano in Japan, with a massive caldera."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/okinawa-prefecture/": {"t": "Okinawa Prefecture", "s": "Prefecture with a flag adopted October 13, 1972, featuring a red, white, and red emblem."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/kitakyushu/": {"t": "Kitakyushu", "s": "Industrial gateway city on Kyushu's northern tip."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/sasebo/": {"t": "Sasebo", "s": "Japanese port city with a major naval base and shipbuilding industry."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/kumamoto/": {"t": "Kumamoto", "s": "Capital of Kumamoto Prefecture on Kyushu, Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/kagoshima/": {"t": "Kagoshima", "s": "Capital of Kagoshima Prefecture, site of Satsuma Domain and industrial revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/ita-city/": {"t": "Ōita (city)", "s": "Capital of Ōita Prefecture on Kyushu, Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/kagoshima-prefecture/": {"t": "Kagoshima Prefecture", "s": "Gateway to the southern islands and home of Sakurajima.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/kagoshima-prefecture.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kagoshima Prefecture · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/ryukyuans/": {"t": "Ryukyuans", "s": "Japonic-speaking indigenous people of the Ryukyu Islands"}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/miyazaki-prefecture/": {"t": "Miyazaki Prefecture", "s": "A Kyūshū prefecture on Japan's Pacific coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/miyazaki-prefecture.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Miyazaki Prefecture · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/rice/": {"t": "Rice", "s": "Staple grain for over half the world's population."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/tea/": {"t": "Tea", "s": "The world's most consumed beverage after water, steeped in history and tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/e/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/amami-shima-island-tokunoshima-island-northern-part-of-okinawa-island-and-iriomote-island/": {"t": "Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island", "s": "A serial UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Ryukyu Arc, renowned for its unique biodiversity and high endemism."}, "https://codexery.com/archery/e/archery/arrow-poison/": {"t": "Arrow poison", "s": "Arrow poisons have been used for millennia in hunting and warfare worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/trinidad/": {"t": "Trinidad", "s": "Southernmost Caribbean island, rich in biodiversity and oil."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/tobago/": {"t": "Tobago", "s": "An island of resilient beauty and rich heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/new-zealand-cuisine/e/new-zealand-cuisine/k-mara/": {"t": "Kūmara", "s": "Polynesian name for the sweet potato, a pre-Columbian staple.", "i": "https://codexery.com/new-zealand-cuisine/img/new-zealand-cuisine/k-mara.webp", "c": "Titanciwiki · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/chili-pepper/": {"t": "Chili pepper", "s": "Spicy fruits from the Capsicum genus, originating in Peru and Bolivia."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/barbados/": {"t": "Barbados", "s": "The southernmost island of the Caribbean, a former British colony turned republic."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/martinique/": {"t": "Martinique", "s": "An island of flowers, volcanoes, and French heritage in the Caribbean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/martinique.webp", "c": "OttavianoUrsu · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cuisine-and-condiments/e/cuisine-and-condiments/seafood/": {"t": "Seafood", "s": "Sea life harvested and consumed by humans since prehistory."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/guadeloupe/": {"t": "Guadeloupe", "s": "A French Caribbean archipelago of volcanic islands and Creole culture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/guadeloupe.webp", "c": "Enrevseluj · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/louis-xiii/": {"t": "Louis XIII", "s": "King of France and Navarre, known for ending noble revolts and establishing the Académie française with Cardinal Richelieu."}, "https://codexery.com/other/e/other/anguilla/": {"t": "Anguilla", "s": "A British Overseas Territory in the northeastern Caribbean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other/img/other/anguilla.webp", "c": "Lamiot · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/divergent-boundary/": {"t": "Divergent boundary", "s": "Two plates move apart, creating new crust."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/trinidad-and-tobago/": {"t": "Trinidad and Tobago", "s": "The southernmost Caribbean archipelago with a rich industrial economy and vibrant cultural heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/denpasar/": {"t": "Denpasar", "s": "Capital and largest city of Bali, Indonesia."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-archipelago/": {"t": "Malay Archipelago", "s": "Largest archipelago by area, between Southeast Asia and Australia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-archipelago.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Malay Archipelago · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/volcanic-arc/": {"t": "Volcanic arc", "s": "Belt of volcanoes formed above a subducting oceanic tectonic plate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/volcanology/img/volcanology/volcanic-arc.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sumbawa/": {"t": "Sumbawa", "s": "Island of sappanwood, horses, and Tambora's legacy"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sumba/": {"t": "Sumba", "s": "An Indonesian island of ancient traditions, diverse cultures, and unique wildlife."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/timor/": {"t": "Timor", "s": "Island divided between Timor-Leste and Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/volcano/": {"t": "Volcano", "s": "A vent in a planet's crust that erupts magma."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/eurasian-plate/": {"t": "Eurasian plate", "s": "Tectonic plate covering most of Eurasia and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/oceanic-trench/": {"t": "Oceanic trench", "s": "Long, narrow depressions marking convergent plate boundaries on the ocean floor."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-russel-wallace/": {"t": "Alfred Russel Wallace", "s": "English naturalist who co-discovered evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/unesco-world-heritage-parks/komodo-national-park/": {"t": "Komodo National Park", "s": "Indonesian national park protecting the Komodo dragon and rich marine biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/img/unesco-world-heritage-parks/komodo-national-park.webp", "c": "Danadi Sutjianto · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/west-nusa-tenggara/": {"t": "West Nusa Tenggara", "s": "Indonesian province of Lombok and Sumbawa islands."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/east-nusa-tenggara/": {"t": "East Nusa Tenggara", "s": "Southernmost Indonesian province with rich culture and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/east-nusa-tenggara.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: East Nusa Tenggara · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/philippine-sea/": {"t": "Philippine Sea", "s": "Largest sea in the world, epicenter of marine biodiversity."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-cities/e/philippine-cities/quezon-city/": {"t": "Quezon City", "s": "Most populous city in the Philippines, former capital."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/mindanao/": {"t": "Mindanao", "s": "Second-largest Philippine island, major agricultural hub, religiously diverse.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/mindanao.webp", "c": "Obsidian Soul . · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/tagalog-language/": {"t": "Tagalog language", "s": "Austronesian language basis of Filipino, national language of the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/portuguese-people/": {"t": "Portuguese people", "s": "Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal, key in global exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-luzonensis/": {"t": "Homo luzonensis", "s": "An extinct archaic human from Pleistocene Luzon, Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/medan/": {"t": "Medan", "s": "Capital of North Sumatra and a major Indonesian economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/tea/e/tea/green-tea/": {"t": "Green tea", "s": "A delicate, unoxidized tea with ancient origins in China."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-cities/e/philippine-cities/zamboanga-city/": {"t": "Zamboanga City", "s": "A major port city and regional hub in Mindanao."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/yongle-emperor/": {"t": "Yongle Emperor", "s": "Third emperor of the Ming dynasty, known for moving the capital to Beijing and sponsoring the Yongle Encyclopedia."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/zheng-he/": {"t": "Zheng He", "s": "Chinese admiral who led seven voyages across the Indian Ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/zheng-he.webp", "c": "User:Vmenkov · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-malacca/": {"t": "Strait of Malacca", "s": "A vital maritime chokepoint linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/antonio-pigafetta/": {"t": "Antonio Pigafetta", "s": "Venetian chronicler of Magellan's circumnavigation."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/miguel-l-pez-de-legazpi/": {"t": "Miguel López de Legazpi", "s": "Spanish conquistador who founded the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tamils/": {"t": "Tamils", "s": "Dravidian ethnic group with over two millennia of written history."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/e/miscellaneous-cities/bandar-seri-begawan/": {"t": "Bandar Seri Begawan", "s": "Capital and largest city of Brunei, home to Kampong Ayer and the Istana Nurul Iman palace.", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/img/miscellaneous-cities/bandar-seri-begawan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bandar Seri Begawan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/e/world-capital-cities/port-moresby/": {"t": "Port Moresby", "s": "Capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/img/world-capital-cities/port-moresby.webp", "c": "United Kingdom Hydrographic Office · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/lesser-sunda-islands/": {"t": "Lesser Sunda Islands", "s": "Archipelago in Indonesia and Timor Leste, part of the Sunda Islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/lesser-sunda-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lesser Sunda Islands · see source"}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/luzon/": {"t": "Luzon", "s": "The largest and most populous island of the Philippines, economic and political center of the nation."}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-peninsula/": {"t": "Malay Peninsula", "s": "Southernmost point of mainland Asia, rich in history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Malay Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/portuguese-language/": {"t": "Portuguese language", "s": "A Western Romance language spoken by over 267 million people, official in eight countries and co-official in Macau and Equatorial Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/geopolitics/": {"t": "Geopolitics", "s": "Study of geography's effects on politics and international relations."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sulawesi/": {"t": "Sulawesi", "s": "Sulawesi is a large Indonesian island with four peninsulas."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/puncak-jaya/": {"t": "Puncak Jaya", "s": "Highest peak in Oceania and one of the Seven Summits."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kra-isthmus/": {"t": "Kra Isthmus", "s": "Narrowest part of the Malay Peninsula in Thailand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kra-isthmus.webp", "c": "Alfred John Loftus · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/malays-ethnic-group/": {"t": "Malays (ethnic group)", "s": "An Austronesian ethnoreligious group native to the Malay world."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/andaman-sea/": {"t": "Andaman Sea", "s": "Marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean, bounded by Myanmar and Thailand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/andaman-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Andaman Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-india/e/world-heritage-sites-in-india/brihadisvara-temple/": {"t": "Brihadisvara Temple", "s": "An 11th-century Chola masterpiece and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/angkor-and-the-khmer-empire/": {"t": "Angkor and the Khmer Empire", "s": "The Khmer Empire: a hydraulic civilisation centred on Angkor, lasting from 802 to 1431 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/marco-polo/": {"t": "Marco Polo", "s": "Venetian merchant whose travels opened the East to European understanding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/marco-polo.webp", "c": "Marco Polo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/fagaceae/": {"t": "Fagaceae", "s": "A woody plant family of beeches, chestnuts, and oaks."}, "https://codexery.com/trees-timber/e/trees-and-timber/lauraceae/": {"t": "Lauraceae", "s": "Aromatic trees and shrubs, source of spices and avocados."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/big-cats/clouded-leopard/": {"t": "Clouded leopard", "s": "A wild cat with cloud-like markings and the largest canines proportionally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bigcats/img/big-cats/clouded-leopard.webp", "c": "Charles Barilleaux from Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/north-maluku/": {"t": "North Maluku", "s": "Province formed from the historic Four Mountains of Maluku.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/north-maluku.webp", "c": "Twotwofourtysix · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-pacific/e/islands-of-the-pacific/buru/": {"t": "Buru", "s": "Third-largest Maluku island, known for endemic species and political prison history."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/ambon-maluku/": {"t": "Ambon, Maluku", "s": "Capital of Maluku, UNESCO City of Music since 2019."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/melanesians/": {"t": "Melanesians", "s": "Indigenous peoples of Melanesia with deep genetic and linguistic diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/ternate/": {"t": "Ternate", "s": "Historic spice-trade center and former sultanate capital."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/religious-conversion/": {"t": "Religious conversion", "s": "The adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/portuguese-empire/": {"t": "Portuguese Empire", "s": "The first and longest-lasting European colonial empire, spanning nearly 600 years from 1415 to 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/afonso-de-albuquerque/": {"t": "Afonso de Albuquerque", "s": "Portuguese general, admiral, statesman, and conquistador; viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/francis-xavier/": {"t": "Francis Xavier", "s": "Navarrese Jesuit co-founder and missionary who carried Christianity to India, the Maluku Islands and Japan.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/francis-xavier.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Francis Xavier · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/catholic-saints-popes/e/catholic-saints-and-popes/ignatius-of-loyola/": {"t": "Ignatius of Loyola", "s": "Founder of the Jesuits, patron of spiritual retreats", "i": "https://codexery.com/catholic-saints-popes/img/catholic-saints-and-popes/ignatius-of-loyola.webp", "c": "Judgefloro · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company/": {"t": "Dutch East India Company", "s": "Chartered trading company and pioneer of joint-stock finance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/par/": {"t": "Pará", "s": "Northern Brazilian state traversed by the lower Amazon River."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/amazon-river/": {"t": "Amazon River", "s": "Largest river by discharge; length disputed with the Nile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/amazon-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amazon River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bel-m/": {"t": "Belém", "s": "Metropolis of the Brazilian Amazon region", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/bel-m.webp", "c": "Ridiculopathy · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-cities/e/latin-american-cities/macap/": {"t": "Macapá", "s": "Capital of Amapá, Brazil, on the equator."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/andes/": {"t": "Andes", "s": "Longest continental mountain range, forming western backbone of South America."}, "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/e/marriage-and-kinship/matrilineality/": {"t": "Matrilineality", "s": "Kinship traced through the female line."}, "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/e/family-and-kinship/clan/": {"t": "Clan", "s": "Kinship groups uniting members through real or perceived common descent.", "i": "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/img/family-and-kinship/clan.webp", "c": "Calreyn88 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/legislature/": {"t": "Legislature", "s": "A deliberative assembly with authority to make law."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/saint-lucia/": {"t": "Saint Lucia", "s": "The Helen of the West Indies"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/huguenots/": {"t": "Huguenots", "s": "French Protestants of the Reformed tradition, persecuted and exiled under Louis XIV."}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/bartholomew-roberts/": {"t": "Bartholomew Roberts", "s": "Welsh pirate who captured over 400 prize ships during the Golden Age of Piracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pirates/img/pirates/bartholomew-roberts.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bartholomew Roberts · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/the-jolly-roger/": {"t": "The Jolly Roger", "s": "Pirate flag signaling identity and terms of surrender."}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/blackbeard/": {"t": "Blackbeard", "s": "English pirate who terrorized the West Indies and American colonies."}, "https://codexery.com/pirates/e/pirates/queen-anne-s-revenge/": {"t": "Queen Anne's Revenge", "s": "The flagship of Blackbeard, Queen Anne's Revenge was a French-built slave ship captured by the pirate in 1717 and run aground off North Carolina in 1718.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pirates/img/pirates/queen-anne-s-revenge.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Queen Anne's Revenge · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/vichy-france/": {"t": "Vichy France", "s": "French rump state headed by Philippe Pétain during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/french-guiana/": {"t": "French Guiana", "s": "French Guiana, officially named Guyane, is an overseas department and region of France situated on the northern coast of South America within the Guianas region", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/french-guiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Politics of French Guiana · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/executive-government/": {"t": "Executive (government)", "s": "Branch of government that enforces law and policy."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/development-economics/": {"t": "Development economics", "s": "The study of economic development in low- and middle-income countries, from mercantilist origins to modern theories of growth and structural transformation."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mozambique-channel/": {"t": "Mozambique Channel", "s": "Arm of the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and Mozambique."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malagasy-language/": {"t": "Malagasy language", "s": "Austronesian language of Madagascar, with diverse dialects and rich history."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-philippe-i/": {"t": "Louis Philippe I", "s": "Last French king; abdicated in 1848 Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/french-revolution-of-1848/": {"t": "French Revolution of 1848", "s": "Civil unrest in February 1848 ending the July Monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/comoros/": {"t": "Comoros", "s": "An island nation at the northern Mozambique Channel."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/e/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/comoro-islands/": {"t": "Comoro Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago in the Mozambique Channel, partly independent, partly French."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures/e/sculptures/relief/": {"t": "Relief", "s": "Sculptural method where forms remain attached to a solid background."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef/": {"t": "Coral reef", "s": "Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems built by coral polyps."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/kenya/": {"t": "Kenya", "s": "East African nation with ancient human origins and diverse landscapes."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/fringing-reef/": {"t": "Fringing reef", "s": "Fringing reefs are the most common type of coral reef."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/emmanuel-macron/": {"t": "Emmanuel Macron", "s": "French president since 2017, youngest in nation's history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/emmanuel-macron.webp", "c": "The Kremlin, Moscow · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/euro/": {"t": "Euro", "s": "Official currency of 21 EU states and second-most traded globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/img/finance-and-investment/euro.webp", "c": "The RedBurn · via Wikipedia: Euro · ECB decisions ECB/2003/4 and ECB/2003/5"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/purchasing-power-parity/": {"t": "Purchasing power parity", "s": "Economic measure comparing currency purchasing power across countries."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/recession/": {"t": "Recession", "s": "A broad decline in economic activity with no single official definition."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-cities/e/philippine-cities/davao-city/": {"t": "Davao City", "s": "Largest city in the Philippines by land area."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-cities/e/philippine-cities/cagayan-de-oro/": {"t": "Cagayan de Oro", "s": "The City of Golden Friendship and River of Gold"}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-cities/e/philippine-cities/general-santos/": {"t": "General Santos", "s": "Southernmost highly urbanized city in the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/moro-people/": {"t": "Moro people", "s": "The 13 Muslim-majority ethnolinguistic Austronesian groups native to the Bangsamoro region of the Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/abugida/": {"t": "Abugida", "s": "A segmental writing system with consonant-based units and secondary vowel notation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/abugida.webp", "c": "Paul Morrow, and enhance & edited by Melgazar Galvan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/ravana/": {"t": "Ravana", "s": "Ten-headed rakshasa king and principal antagonist of the Ramayana."}, "https://codexery.com/african-and-asian-leaders/e/african-and-asian-leaders/koxinga/": {"t": "Koxinga", "s": "Southern Ming general who expelled the Dutch from Taiwan."}, "https://codexery.com/philippine-cities/e/philippine-cities/iligan/": {"t": "Iligan", "s": "A highly urbanized city in Northern Mindanao, Philippines."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ferdinand-marcos/": {"t": "Ferdinand Marcos", "s": "Tenth president of the Philippines, ruled as a dictator under martial law.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ferdinand-marcos.webp", "c": "Malacañang Press · via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Marcos · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/sulu-sea/": {"t": "Sulu Sea", "s": "A Philippine sea with a World Heritage reef."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/filipino-language/": {"t": "Filipino language", "s": "The national language of the Philippines, based on Tagalog."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/pomerania/": {"t": "Pomerania", "s": "A historical Baltic region split between Poland and Germany, known for its coastal lowlands, lakes, and islands."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/william-dampier/": {"t": "William Dampier", "s": "English explorer, pirate, and naturalist who bridged two eras of exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/territory-of-new-guinea/": {"t": "Territory of New Guinea", "s": "Australian mandate in northeastern New Guinea, 1914–1975."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/guadalcanal-campaign/": {"t": "Guadalcanal campaign", "s": "First major Allied land offensive against Japan in World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/guadalcanal-campaign.webp", "c": "Archives Branch, USMC History Division · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/indigenous-people-of-new-guinea/": {"t": "Indigenous people of New Guinea", "s": "Indigenous Melanesian peoples of New Guinea, with deep genetic and linguistic diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/tok-pisin/": {"t": "Tok Pisin", "s": "An English creole and official language of Papua New Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/melanesia/": {"t": "Melanesia", "s": "A subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific, known for its diverse cultures and dark-skinned indigenous peoples.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/melanesia.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/coral-sea/": {"t": "Coral Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the South Pacific, home to the Great Barrier Reef and rich in marine life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/coral-sea.webp", "c": "NormanEinstein · via Wikipedia: Coral Sea · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/kanak-people/": {"t": "Kanak people", "s": "Indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia"}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/zealandia/": {"t": "Zealandia", "s": "A submerged continent in Oceania, mostly beneath the Pacific Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/jean-fran-ois-de-galaup-comte-de-lap-rouse/": {"t": "Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse", "s": "French naval officer who led a doomed scientific voyage around the world."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/napoleon-iii/": {"t": "Napoleon III", "s": "First elected president and last monarch of France."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nickel/": {"t": "Nickel", "s": "Silvery-white metal, ferromagnetic, key to stainless steel and batteries."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/smallpox/": {"t": "Smallpox", "s": "Eradicated viral disease that killed hundreds of millions."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/measles/": {"t": "Measles", "s": "Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable viral disease."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/charles-de-gaulle/": {"t": "Charles de Gaulle", "s": "French general and statesman who led Free France and founded the Fifth Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/italian-campaign-world-war-ii/": {"t": "Italian campaign (World War II)", "s": "Allied and Axis operations in Italy, 1943–1945.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/italian-campaign-world-war-ii.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/torres-strait/": {"t": "Torres Strait", "s": "Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after Spanish navigator Torres."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/continental-shelf/": {"t": "Continental shelf", "s": "Submerged edge of a continent, rich in life and resources."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/papua-province/": {"t": "Papua (province)", "s": "A province of Indonesia on the northern coast of Western New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/papua-province.webp", "c": "Dansdan45 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/central-papua/": {"t": "Central Papua", "s": "Indonesian province in central Western New Guinea, established in 2022.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/central-papua.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Central Papua · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/south-papua/": {"t": "South Papua", "s": "The least populous province in Indonesia, rich in wetlands and indigenous cultures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/south-papua.webp", "c": "KPU Provinsi Papua Selatan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/west-papua-province/": {"t": "West Papua (province)", "s": "Province of West Papua – Land of diverse tribes and traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/raja-ampat-islands/": {"t": "Raja Ampat Islands", "s": "Archipelago in the Coral Triangle with the richest marine biodiversity on earth."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-carpentaria/": {"t": "Gulf of Carpentaria", "s": "A shallow sea off northern Australia with submerged coral reefs."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-york-peninsula/": {"t": "Cape York Peninsula", "s": "Largest wilderness in northern Australia with global environmental significance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-york-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cape York Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/bird-s-head-peninsula/": {"t": "Bird's Head Peninsula", "s": "The bird-shaped northwestern end of New Guinea, rich in mountains, rainforest and birdlife.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/bird-s-head-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bird's Head Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-the-world/e/national-parks-of-the-world/lorentz-national-park/": {"t": "Lorentz National Park", "s": "Largest national park in Southeast Asia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/aquatic-wetland-plants/e/aquatic-and-wetland-plants/seagrass/": {"t": "Seagrass", "s": "Marine flowering plants forming productive underwater meadows."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/bird-of-paradise/": {"t": "Bird-of-paradise", "s": "A family of passerine birds known for elaborate male plumage."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/labrador-peninsula/": {"t": "Labrador Peninsula", "s": "Large eastern Canadian peninsula with rich indigenous and colonial history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/labrador-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Labrador Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/e/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-breton-island/": {"t": "Cape Breton Island", "s": "A rugged island of highlands and history on Nova Scotia's Atlantic coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/img/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-breton-island.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Geography of Nova Scotia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/st-lawrence-river/": {"t": "St. Lawrence River", "s": "Major North American river connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/st-lawrence-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Lawrence River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-st-lawrence/": {"t": "Gulf of St. Lawrence", "s": "Large Canadian gulf linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-olympic-ice-hockey-2/e/part-1/saint-pierre-and-miquelon-men-s-national-ice-hockey-team/": {"t": "Saint Pierre and Miquelon men's national ice hockey team", "s": "Ice hockey team of the French Atlantic archipelago."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/leif-erikson/": {"t": "Leif Erikson", "s": "Norse explorer who reached North America centuries before Columbus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/leif-erikson.webp", "c": "Paul R. Burley · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/vinland/": {"t": "Vinland", "s": "The Norse name for a part of coastal North America, explored around AD 1000."}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/l-anse-aux-meadows/": {"t": "L'Anse aux Meadows", "s": "The only undisputed Norse site in North America outside Greenland."}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/norse-colonization-of-north-america/": {"t": "Norse colonization of North America", "s": "Norse explorers settled Greenland and briefly reached North America."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/john-cabot/": {"t": "John Cabot", "s": "Italian navigator who led the first English-sponsored voyage to North America."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/gaspar-corte-real/": {"t": "Gaspar Corte-Real", "s": "Portuguese explorer who charted Newfoundland in search of a Northwest Passage."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/humphrey-gilbert/": {"t": "Humphrey Gilbert", "s": "English adventurer and pioneer of North American colonization."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/elizabeth-i/": {"t": "Elizabeth I", "s": "The Virgin Queen who presided over the Elizabethan era."}, "https://codexery.com/seafood/e/seafood/cod/": {"t": "Cod", "s": "A mild-flavored, flaky white fish from the genus Gadus, popular in fish and chips and valued for its liver oil.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seafood/img/seafood/cod.webp", "c": "Hans-Petter Fjeld · via Wikipedia: Cod · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/west-country/": {"t": "West Country", "s": "A loosely defined region of South West England with a distinct dialect."}, "https://codexery.com/map-projections-cartography-foundations/e/map-projections-and-cartography-foundations/cartography/": {"t": "Cartography", "s": "The art and science of making and using maps."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii/": {"t": "Edward VII", "s": "King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 1901 to 1910.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii.webp", "c": "Author (artist) unknown (work was published in 1888) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/subarctic/": {"t": "Subarctic", "s": "Subarctic: a cold, sparsely populated region of taiga, permafrost, and mineral wealth."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/coral-island/": {"t": "Coral island", "s": "Low island formed from coral detritus and organic material."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/thorium/": {"t": "Thorium", "s": "Thorium is the chemical element known by the symbol Th and the atomic number 90.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/thorium.webp", "c": "ThaLibster · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia/": {"t": "New Caledonia", "s": "A French territory in the southwest Pacific, part of Melanesia, with a unique legal status and a diverse population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 2024 New Caledonia unrest · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/fossil-fuel/": {"t": "Fossil fuel", "s": "Non-renewable energy source formed from prehistoric organic matter."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/industrial-park/": {"t": "Industrial park", "s": "Zoned area planned for industrial development with shared infrastructure."}, "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/e/family-and-kinship/extended-family/": {"t": "Extended family", "s": "Extended family includes relatives beyond the nuclear family.", "i": "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/img/family-and-kinship/extended-family.webp", "c": "White House photo by Eric Draper · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanoes/e/volcanoes/mount-ruapehu/": {"t": "Mount Ruapehu", "s": "New Zealand's largest active volcano with a history of destructive lahars."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/auckland/": {"t": "Auckland", "s": "New Zealand's largest city and leading economic centre."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/south-island/": {"t": "South Island", "s": "Remote British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/south-island.webp", "c": "Norman Kuring · via Wikipedia: South Island · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/cook-strait/": {"t": "Cook Strait", "s": "One of the most dangerous and unpredictable waters in the world"}, "https://codexery.com/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/e/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/m-ui/": {"t": "Māui", "s": "Polynesian culture hero and trickster known for many exploits."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/northland-peninsula/": {"t": "Northland Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula in northern New Zealand, site of the first signing of the Treaty of Waitangi."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-portugal/e/world-heritage-sites-in-portugal/laurisilva-madeira-world-heritage-convention/": {"t": "Laurisilva Madeira World Heritage Convention", "s": "A relict subtropical forest on the Madeira Islands."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/tasman-sea/": {"t": "Tasman Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Australia and New Zealand.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/tasman-sea.webp", "c": "CIA · via Wikipedia: Tasman Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/m-ori-people/": {"t": "Māori people", "s": "Indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-cities/e/mexican-cities/acapulco/": {"t": "Acapulco", "s": "Historic Pacific port and resort city in Guerrero, Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/coral/": {"t": "Coral", "s": "Colonial marine animals that build tropical and deep-sea reefs."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/kara-sea/": {"t": "Kara Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, named for the Kara River, with a name possibly meaning 'hummocked ice' or 'black'."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/severny-island/": {"t": "Severny Island", "s": "Russian Arctic island, site of the Tsar Bomba nuclear test."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/willem-barentsz/": {"t": "Willem Barentsz", "s": "Dutch navigator who sought the Northeast passage and explored the Arctic."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-colonization-of-north-america/e/russian-colonization-of-north-america/friedrich-benjamin-von-l-tke/": {"t": "Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke", "s": "Russian navigator, geographer, and Arctic explorer."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/henry-hudson/": {"t": "Henry Hudson", "s": "English sea explorer and navigator, best known for explorations of present-day Canada and the Northeastern United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/henry-hudson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henry Hudson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lead/": {"t": "Lead", "s": "Heavy metal with stable isotopes and historical industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/zinc/": {"t": "Zinc", "s": "The essential trace element with a shiny blue whitish appearance."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/ural-mountains/": {"t": "Ural Mountains", "s": "Mountain range listed in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/anticline/": {"t": "Anticline", "s": "Arch-like fold with oldest rocks at core, key for oil traps."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/granite/": {"t": "Granite", "s": "A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, mica, and plagioclase.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/granite.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/e/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-zhelaniya/": {"t": "Cape Zhelaniya", "s": "A desolate Arctic headland marking the boundary between the Barents and Kara Seas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-marine-features/img/coastal-and-marine-features/cape-zhelaniya.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Barents Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/george-iv/": {"t": "George IV", "s": "Extravagant king and regent whose reign was tarnished by scandal."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/hinterland/": {"t": "Hinterland", "s": "The inland region economically tied to a port or city."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "Rudyard Kipling", "s": "English writer, Nobel laureate — best known for tales of empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Literary nonsense · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/e/european-literary-masters/w-somerset-maugham/": {"t": "W. Somerset Maugham", "s": "English writer of plays, novels, and short stories.", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/img/european-literary-masters/w-somerset-maugham.webp", "c": "William Somerset Maugham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-icons/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-icons/sun-yat-sen/": {"t": "Sun Yat-sen", "s": "Founder of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/cuisines/e/world-cuisines/chinese-cuisine/": {"t": "Chinese cuisine", "s": "A diverse culinary tradition shaped by geography, history, and global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/cuisines/e/world-cuisines/indian-cuisine/": {"t": "Indian cuisine", "s": "A diverse culinary tapestry shaped by 8,000 years of history, religion, and regional traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/governor/": {"t": "Governor", "s": "Administrative leader and head of a political region."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/thai-people/": {"t": "Thai people", "s": "The Thai people, historically known as Siamese, are a Tai ethnic group native to Thailand, speaking Kra–Dai languages and predominantly following Theravada Budd"}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-2004-indian-ocean-tsunami/": {"t": "The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami", "s": "On 26 December 2004, a massive undersea megathrust earthquake, known scientifically as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, struck at 07:58:53 local time off the wes"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/bangkok/": {"t": "Bangkok", "s": "City of Angels"}, "/e/islands-and-archipelagos/penang/": {"t": "Penang", "s": "Malaysian state, leading exporter, densely populated, culturally diverse."}}