{"https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/general-motors/": {"t": "General Motors", "s": "American multinational automaker headquartered in Detroit, owner of Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/mass-production/": {"t": "Mass production", "s": "Mass production is a method of making standardized products in constant flow."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-engineering/": {"t": "Electrical engineering", "s": "Discipline studying and applying electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-cars/e/classic-cars/volkswagen-beetle/": {"t": "Volkswagen Beetle", "s": "A rear-engine, air-cooled icon produced for 65 years."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/ethanol/": {"t": "Ethanol", "s": "Organic compound, CNS depressant, active ingredient in alcoholic beverages."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/e/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/thomas-midgley-jr/": {"t": "Thomas Midgley Jr.", "s": "Inventor of leaded gasoline and CFCs, killed by his own bed-lifting device in a ruled suicide."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-pioneers/e/medical-pioneers/robert-a-kehoe/": {"t": "Robert A. Kehoe", "s": "Industry-funded toxicologist who shaped leaded gasoline policy for decades."}, "https://codexery.com/mass-poisonings/e/mass-poisonings/lead-poisoning/": {"t": "Lead poisoning", "s": "Lead poisoning causes permanent harm, especially in children."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/king-s-college-london/": {"t": "King's College London", "s": "Founded 1829; founding college of University of London."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telegraph/": {"t": "Telegraph", "s": "Long-distance text transmission using symbolic codes, not physical exchange."}, "https://codexery.com/english-musical-instruments/e/english-musical-instruments/english-concertina/": {"t": "English concertina", "s": "A fully chromatic free-reed instrument with evenly divided hand scale."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-inventors/e/battery-inventors/alessandro-volta/": {"t": "Alessandro Volta", "s": "Italian physicist who invented the electric battery and discovered methane."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/henry-john-temple-3rd-viscount-palmerston/": {"t": "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "s": "First Liberal Party prime minister and dominant foreign policy figure"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia/": {"t": "Pneumonia", "s": "Inflammatory lung condition primarily affecting alveoli, caused by infection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-scotland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-scotland/old-and-new-towns-of-edinburgh/": {"t": "Old and New Towns of Edinburgh", "s": "Medieval Old Town and Georgian New Town, a UNESCO site."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke/": {"t": "Robert Hooke", "s": "English polymath and pioneer of microscopy", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Hooke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/microscopes/e/microscopes/micrographia/": {"t": "Micrographia", "s": "First scientific best-seller, introducing microscopy to the public."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/photometer/": {"t": "Photometer", "s": "Instrument for measuring light quantities like luminous flux.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/photometer.webp", "c": "NASA Johnson Space Center · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/austrian-inventors/e/austrian-inventors/wolfgang-von-kempelen/": {"t": "Wolfgang von Kempelen", "s": "Inventor of The Turk and an early speaking machine."}, "https://codexery.com/toy-inventors/e/toy-inventors/david-brewster/": {"t": "David Brewster", "s": "British scientist, inventor of the kaleidoscope and stereoscope.", "i": "https://codexery.com/toy-inventors/img/toy-inventors/david-brewster.webp", "c": "David Brewster · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/electrical-telegraph/": {"t": "Electrical telegraph", "s": "First electrical telecommunications system, used from the 1840s."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/michael-faraday/": {"t": "Michael Faraday", "s": "English pioneer of electromagnetism and electrochemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/midwestern-united-states/": {"t": "Midwestern United States", "s": "A north-central U.S. region of industry, agriculture, and political swing states."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-great-chicago-fire/": {"t": "The Great Chicago Fire", "s": "The Great Chicago Fire: A devastating conflagration that reshaped a city."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/schizophrenia/": {"t": "Schizophrenia", "s": "A chronic mental disorder with psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/schizophrenia.webp", "c": "cometstarmoon · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united-states/university-of-virginia/": {"t": "University of Virginia", "s": "Founded by Thomas Jefferson, home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/horace-smith-inventor/": {"t": "Horace Smith (inventor)", "s": "American gunsmith and co-founder of Smith & Wesson."}, "https://codexery.com/innovators-in-industry/e/innovators-in-industry/oliver-winchester/": {"t": "Oliver Winchester", "s": "Founder of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company."}, "https://codexery.com/trauma-centers/e/trauma-centers/baystate-health/": {"t": "Baystate Health", "s": "Western Massachusetts's only Level I trauma center system."}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/dan-wesson-firearms/": {"t": "Dan Wesson Firearms", "s": "American handgun manufacturer known for revolver accuracy and modular barrels."}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut/": {"t": "Hartford, Connecticut", "s": "Hartford: The Insurance Capital of the World and America's Filing Cabinet", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hartford, Connecticut · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/mechanical-engineering/": {"t": "Mechanical engineering", "s": "Engineering branch focused on force, motion, and mechanical systems."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/napoleon-iii/": {"t": "Napoleon III", "s": "First elected president and last monarch of France."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventors/e/american-inventors/national-inventors-hall-of-fame/": {"t": "National Inventors Hall of Fame", "s": "Honoring US patent holders who advanced science and welfare."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/diphtheria/": {"t": "Diphtheria", "s": "A bacterial infection causing a thick throat membrane; preventable by vaccine."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/franco-prussian-war/": {"t": "Franco-Prussian War", "s": "Conflict that unified Germany and ended French imperial rule."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telephone/": {"t": "Telephone", "s": "A device for distant voice communication via electronic signals."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/headphones-mics-and-mice/microphone/": {"t": "Microphone", "s": "A transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/thomas-edison/": {"t": "Thomas Edison", "s": "The Wizard of Menlo Park who lit up the world", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/thomas-edison.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Thomas Edison · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/helicopter/": {"t": "Helicopter", "s": "A rotorcraft achieving vertical flight via horizontally spinning rotors."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/sanitation/": {"t": "Sanitation", "s": "Sanitation systems aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/armalite-ar-15/": {"t": "ArmaLite AR-15", "s": "Parent of the M16 and Colt AR-15 rifle families.", "i": "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/img/assault-rifles/armalite-ar-15.webp", "c": "Le-boulanger · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/colt-s-manufacturing-company/": {"t": "Colt's Manufacturing Company", "s": "American firearms manufacturer founded in 1855 by Samuel Colt."}, "https://codexery.com/remington-winchester-and-colt-firearms/e/remington-winchester-and-colt-firearms/m16-rifle/": {"t": "M16 rifle", "s": "The M16 is the most-produced 5.56mm firearm in history."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/armalite/": {"t": "ArmaLite", "s": "American small arms engineering firm behind the AR-15/M16 rifle family.", "i": "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/img/firearm-manufacturers/armalite.webp", "c": "Le-boulanger · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/armalite-ar-10/": {"t": "ArmaLite AR-10", "s": "The lightweight battle rifle that spawned the AR-15 platform.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/img/battle-rifles-and-carbines/armalite-ar-10.webp", "c": "Le-boulanger · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/m4-carbine/": {"t": "M4 carbine", "s": "Shortened M16A2 variant adopted by over 60 countries."}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/m14-rifle/": {"t": "M14 rifle", "s": "American battle rifle adopted in 1957, still in limited service."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/armalite-ar-18/": {"t": "ArmaLite AR-18", "s": "A stamped-steel 5.56mm rifle that influenced later military designs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/img/assault-rifles/armalite-ar-18.webp", "c": "Rama · CC BY-SA 3.0 fr"}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/stoner-63/": {"t": "Stoner 63", "s": "Modular weapon system configurable as rifle, carbine, or machine gun."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/automatic-rifle/": {"t": "Automatic rifle", "s": "An autoloading rifle capable of fully automatic fire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/automatic-rifle.webp", "c": "Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/light-machine-gun/": {"t": "Light machine gun", "s": "A portable machine gun for one soldier, providing squad suppressive fire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/light-machine-gun.webp", "c": "Joost J. Bakker from IJmuiden · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ar-15-style-rifles-and-dmrs/e/ar-15-style-rifles-and-dmrs/sr-25/": {"t": "SR-25", "s": "Semi-automatic sniper rifle based on the AR-10 design."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/ak-47/": {"t": "AK-47", "s": "The originating firearm of the Kalashnikov family of rifles."}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/tube-structure/": {"t": "Tube (structure)", "s": "Hollow cantilever tube system for lateral load resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/computer-aided-design/": {"t": "Computer-aided design", "s": "Computer-aided design automates creation and modification of designs."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/willis-tower/": {"t": "Willis Tower", "s": "A 110-story Chicago icon, once the world's tallest building.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/willis-tower.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Willis Tower · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/solar-telescopes/e/solar-telescopes/mcmath-pierce-solar-telescope/": {"t": "McMath–Pierce solar telescope", "s": "World's largest solar telescope and unobstructed aperture optical telescope."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/structural-engineering/": {"t": "Structural engineering", "s": "Designing the skeleton of the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore/": {"t": "Rabindranath Tagore", "s": "The Bard of Bengal", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore.webp", "c": "Georges Chevalier · via Wikipedia: Rabindranath Tagore · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/dubai/": {"t": "Dubai", "s": "City of trade, tourism, and towering skylines on the Persian Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/the-daily-telegraph/": {"t": "The Daily Telegraph", "s": "Was, is, and will be"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/king-abdulaziz-university/": {"t": "King Abdulaziz University", "s": "One of the largest universities in Saudi Arabia, founded 1967."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/eth-zurich/": {"t": "ETH Zurich", "s": "Swiss federal STEM university with 22 Nobel laureates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/eth-zurich.webp", "c": "Ank Kumar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/bangladesh-liberation-war/": {"t": "Bangladesh Liberation War", "s": "The armed conflict that led to the independence of Bangladesh."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/grand-duchy-of-baden/": {"t": "Grand Duchy of Baden", "s": "A German grand duchy on the Rhine, known for its liberal constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/bmw/": {"t": "BMW", "s": "German multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/bmw.webp", "c": "Pakawut kenta · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/rally-cars/e/rally-cars/mazda-familia/": {"t": "Mazda Familia", "s": "A long-running small family car from Mazda, sold globally under many names."}, "https://codexery.com/rally-cars/e/rally-cars/mazda-rx-7/": {"t": "Mazda RX-7", "s": "A rotary-powered sports car produced across three generations from 1978."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/toyota/": {"t": "Toyota", "s": "Japanese automaker; world's largest vehicle producer."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/graf/": {"t": "Graf", "s": "Historical German noble title, equivalent to count or earl."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-w-rttemberg/": {"t": "Kingdom of Württemberg", "s": "A constitutional monarchy in southern Germany from 1806 to 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/cavalry/": {"t": "Cavalry", "s": "Mounted warriors who dominated battlefields until the 20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/lore/monty-python-s-flying-circus/": {"t": "Monty Python's Flying Circus", "s": "The BBC sketch series that made the Pythons famous."}, "https://codexery.com/monty-python/e/lore/graham-chapman/": {"t": "Graham Chapman", "s": "The Python who played the lead in Holy Grail and Life of Brian."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/italians/": {"t": "Italians", "s": "An ethnic group native to Italy with a global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-fighter-planes/e/classic-fighter-planes/douglas-p-70-havoc/": {"t": "Douglas P-70 Havoc", "s": "USAAF night-fighter designation for the multi-role Douglas A-20 Havoc (DB-7)."}, "https://codexery.com/winter-sports/e/winter-sports/sonja-henie/": {"t": "Sonja Henie", "s": "Norwegian skater and star who set unmatched Olympic and World records.", "i": "https://codexery.com/winter-sports/img/winter-sports/sonja-henie.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/nhl-teams/e/nhl-teams/chicago-blackhawks/": {"t": "Chicago Blackhawks", "s": "Original Six franchise with six Stanley Cup championships."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/charles-m-schulz/": {"t": "Charles M. Schulz", "s": "Creator of Peanuts, one of the most influential comic strips in history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/charles-m-schulz.webp", "c": "Roger Higgins, World Telegram staff photographer · via Wikipedia: Charles M. Schulz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/nhl-teams/e/nhl-teams/montreal-canadiens/": {"t": "Montreal Canadiens", "s": "Oldest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/nhl-arenas/e/nhl-arenas/bell-centre/": {"t": "Bell Centre", "s": "Canada's largest indoor arena, home of the Montreal Canadiens.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nhl-arenas/img/nhl-arenas/bell-centre.webp", "c": "ph0rk · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/collodion-process/": {"t": "Collodion process", "s": "A wet-plate photographic process producing sharp, reproducible negatives on glass."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/photographic-film/": {"t": "Photographic film", "s": "Light-sensitive medium for capturing photographic images."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/hertfordshire/": {"t": "Hertfordshire", "s": "The county of deer crossings and garden cities."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/victoria-and-albert-museum/": {"t": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "s": "World's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/grover-cleveland/": {"t": "Grover Cleveland", "s": "22nd and 24th U.S. president; first to serve nonconsecutive terms."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/erie-canal/": {"t": "Erie Canal", "s": "Historic New York canal connecting the Hudson River to Lake Erie."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan/": {"t": "Lake Michigan", "s": "The only Great Lake entirely within the United States, and the world's largest lake by area in a single country.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan.webp", "c": "Michael Barera · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/lithography/": {"t": "Lithography", "s": "Lithography is a printing technique that relies on the natural repulsion between oil and water."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/springfield-illinois/": {"t": "Springfield, Illinois", "s": "Capital of Illinois and longtime home of Abraham Lincoln.", "i": "https://codexery.com/us-cities/img/us-cities/springfield-illinois.webp", "c": "Salisburymistake · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/andrew-carnegie/": {"t": "Andrew Carnegie", "s": "Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who led the expansion of the American steel industry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/andrew-carnegie.webp", "c": "Theodore C. Marceau · via Wikipedia: Andrew Carnegie · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/otto-von-bismarck/": {"t": "Otto von Bismarck", "s": "Prussian statesman who unified Germany and became its first chancellor."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/e/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/eugene-v-debs/": {"t": "Eugene V. Debs", "s": "Socialist activist and five-time U.S. presidential candidate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/img/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/eugene-v-debs.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Eugene V. Debs · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/coffee/e/coffee/instant-coffee/": {"t": "Instant coffee", "s": "A quick-dissolving coffee beverage derived from processed brewed beans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coffee/img/coffee/instant-coffee.webp", "c": "Editor at Large · via Wikipedia: Instant coffee · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/nationality-law/": {"t": "Nationality law", "s": "Law governing acquisition and loss of national identity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/antwerp/": {"t": "Antwerp", "s": "Major port, diamond hub, and historic global city in Belgium."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/incandescent-light-bulb/": {"t": "Incandescent light bulb", "s": "The incandescent light bulb: a heated filament in a vacuum or inert gas, producing light by incandescence."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/antelope/": {"t": "Antelope", "s": "Swift and diverse bovids of the Old World", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/antelope.webp", "c": "Kingofthedead · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/domesticated-animals/e/domesticated-animals/llama/": {"t": "Llama", "s": "A domesticated South American camelid used as a pack animal and fiber source."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-dakota/": {"t": "South Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named after the Dakota Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/polish-inventions/e/polish-inventions/kerosene-lamp/": {"t": "Kerosene lamp", "s": "Polish inventor Ignacy Łukasiewicz created the modern kerosene lamp in 1853."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/federal-government-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Federal government of the United States", "s": "National government of the United States, established by the Constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/ounce/": {"t": "Ounce", "s": "A unit of mass, weight, or volume from Roman times."}, "/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/george-washington-inventor/": {"t": "George Washington (inventor)", "s": "Belgian-British inventor who mass-produced instant coffee."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/nevada/": {"t": "Nevada", "s": "Landlocked Western state known for silver, gambling, and libertarian laws."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-eiffel-tower/": {"t": "The Eiffel Tower", "s": "Locally nicknamed \"La dame de fer\" (French for \"Iron Lady\") due to its construction from wrought iron, the Eiffel Tower is a lattice tower situated on the Champ"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/typhoid/": {"t": "Typhoid", "s": "A bacterial disease spread through contaminated food or water."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-tests/e/medical-tests/ct-scan/": {"t": "CT scan", "s": "Cross-sectional X-ray imaging for detailed internal views."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/nottinghamshire/": {"t": "Nottinghamshire", "s": "Ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England, home to Sherwood Forest and the legend of Robin Hood."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/human-brain/": {"t": "Human brain", "s": "Central organ of the nervous system, controlling body activities."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/jacques-cousteau/": {"t": "Jacques Cousteau", "s": "French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker, and host of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau."}, "https://codexery.com/cryptids/e/cryptids-and-folklore/the-loch-ness-monster/": {"t": "The Loch Ness Monster", "s": "Mythical creature said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands."}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/lincoln-nebraska/": {"t": "Lincoln, Nebraska", "s": "Capital of Nebraska, home to the second-tallest state capitol.", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/lincoln-nebraska.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lincoln, Nebraska · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/synchronous-motor/": {"t": "Synchronous motor", "s": "AC motor with shaft rotation locked to supply frequency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/img/electric-motors/synchronous-motor.webp", "c": "MePaJa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/national-geographic/": {"t": "National Geographic", "s": "A monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners, based in Washington, DC, covering geography, popular science, world history, culture, and current ", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/national-geographic.webp", "c": "Benjamín Núñez González · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/life-magazine/": {"t": "Life (magazine)", "s": "To see life; to see the world; to eyewitness great events", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/life-magazine.webp", "c": "Life Magazine · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/shipwrecks/e/famous-shipwrecks/hmhs-britannic/": {"t": "HMHS Britannic", "s": "The largest ship lost in the First World War, now the largest intact passenger ship on the seabed.", "i": "https://codexery.com/shipwrecks/img/famous-shipwrecks/hmhs-britannic.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: RMS Olympic · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/atlantis/": {"t": "Atlantis", "s": "Plato's fictional island allegory"}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-awards/": {"t": "Academy Awards", "s": "Annual awards for cinematic excellence since 1929."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-mark-goodson-bill/e/television-series-by-mark-goodson-bill-todman-productions/i-ve-got-a-secret/": {"t": "I've Got a Secret", "s": "Panelists guess a contestant's unusual secret."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/mp-18/": {"t": "MP 18", "s": "German submachine gun introduced in 1918 for trench warfare.", "i": "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/img/submachine-guns/mp-18.webp", "c": "Konrad Krzyżanowski · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/erma-werke/": {"t": "Erma Werke", "s": "German firearms manufacturer known for the MP40 and training devices."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/erma-emp/": {"t": "Erma EMP", "s": "A German submachine gun based on Vollmer's telescoping spring design."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/machine-gun/": {"t": "Machine gun", "s": "A fully automatic firearm for sustained direct fire support.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/machine-gun.webp", "c": "Nafis Fuad Ayon · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/mauser/": {"t": "Mauser", "s": "German arms manufacturer known for influential bolt-action rifle designs."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/mg-34/": {"t": "MG 34", "s": "The world's first general-purpose machine gun, versatile and mobile."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/mg-30/": {"t": "MG 30", "s": "German-designed machine gun that led to the MG 34 and MG 42."}, "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/e/assault-rifles/assault-rifle/": {"t": "Assault rifle", "s": "A select-fire rifle using an intermediate cartridge and detachable magazine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/assault-rifles/img/assault-rifles/assault-rifle.webp", "c": "Лапоть · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/bessemer-process/": {"t": "Bessemer process", "s": "First inexpensive industrial process for mass steel production."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/cast-iron/": {"t": "Cast iron", "s": "Iron-carbon alloy with >2% carbon, valued for castability."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cumberland/": {"t": "Cumberland", "s": "Historic county in North West England; a unitary authority area of the same name was created in 2023."}, "https://codexery.com/rocks-and-minerals/e/rocks-and-minerals/hematite/": {"t": "Hematite", "s": "Iron oxide mineral used as ore, pigment, and in jewelry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/manganese/": {"t": "Manganese", "s": "Hard, brittle metal essential in alloys and human nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/gimbal/": {"t": "Gimbal", "s": "A pivoted support allowing rotation independent of its base."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/optics/": {"t": "Optics", "s": "Branch of physics studying light and electromagnetic radiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/img/optics-and-color/optics.webp", "c": "OpticalSystem · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cuneiform/": {"t": "Cuneiform", "s": "One of the oldest known writing systems, used for over three millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/cuneiform.webp", "c": "Mason, William Albert, 1855-1923 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/famous-paintings/e/famous-paintings/view-from-the-window-at-le-gras/": {"t": "View from the Window at Le Gras", "s": "Oldest surviving photograph, created by Nicéphore Niépce in 1827."}, "https://codexery.com/hungarian-inventions/e/hungarian-inventions/holography/": {"t": "Holography", "s": "Technique for recording and reconstructing light fields."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/frederick-scott-archer/": {"t": "Frederick Scott Archer", "s": "Inventor of the collodion process that made photography widely accessible."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/spectroscopy/": {"t": "Spectroscopy", "s": "Spectroscopy measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra interacting with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-element/": {"t": "Chemical element", "s": "Fundamental species of atom defined by proton count."}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/tourmaline/": {"t": "Tourmaline", "s": "A crystalline silicate mineral group with a wide variety of colors, known historically as the 'Ceylonese Magnet'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gemstones/img/gemstones/tourmaline.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-and-gems/e/minerals-and-gems/iceland-spar/": {"t": "Iceland spar", "s": "Transparent calcite used to demonstrate light polarization."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/nineveh/": {"t": "Nineveh", "s": "Nineveh was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia, part of the Near East, and now lies within the modern Iraqi city of Mosul on the Tigris River’s eastern bank."}, "/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/daniel-b-wesson/": {"t": "Daniel B. Wesson", "s": "Co-founder of Smith & Wesson and pioneer of the cartridge revolver."}, "https://codexery.com/gunpowder/e/gunpowder/shell-projectile/": {"t": "Shell (projectile)", "s": "A projectile with explosive, incendiary, or chemical filling fired from artillery."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/electric-motor/": {"t": "Electric motor", "s": "Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy via magnetic fields."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/westminster-abbey/": {"t": "Westminster Abbey", "s": "A royal peculiar and national Valhalla.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/westminster-abbey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Westminster Abbey · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii/": {"t": "Edward VII", "s": "King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 1901 to 1910.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii.webp", "c": "Author (artist) unknown (work was published in 1888) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/thuringia/": {"t": "Thuringia", "s": "Central German state, green heart, home to Bach, Goethe, Schiller."}, "https://codexery.com/firearm-manufacturers/e/firearm-manufacturers/c-g-haenel/": {"t": "C.G. Haenel", "s": "German arms manufacturer from Suhl, known for the StG 44 and modern sniper rifles."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/patent/": {"t": "Patent", "s": "A legal right excluding others from an invention for a limited time."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/e/legal-professions/legal-liability/": {"t": "Legal liability", "s": "Legal responsibility or answerability in law.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/img/legal-professions/legal-liability.webp", "c": "Q4398124 , Goznak (Q2133605) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/shareholder/": {"t": "Shareholder", "s": "Legal owner of shares in a corporation."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ernst-udet/": {"t": "Ernst Udet", "s": "German WWI ace and Luftwaffe general who pioneered dive-bombing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ernst-udet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ernst Udet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hermann-g-ring/": {"t": "Hermann Göring", "s": "Nazi leader and convicted war criminal"}, "/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/heinrich-vollmer/": {"t": "Heinrich Vollmer", "s": "German small-arms designer who advanced submachine gun and beltless feed technology."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petroleum/": {"t": "Petroleum", "s": "A fossil fuel central to modern industry and climate change."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/oil-well/": {"t": "Oil well", "s": "A drillhole designed to bring petroleum hydrocarbons to the surface."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/e/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/lviv/": {"t": "Lviv", "s": "Historic city centre listed as UNESCO World Heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/jagiellonian-university/": {"t": "Jagiellonian University", "s": "Oldest university in Poland, founded 1364.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/jagiellonian-university.webp", "c": "S. Woźniak uploaded on Flickr by: mik Krakow · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/bitumen/": {"t": "Bitumen", "s": "Viscous petroleum constituent used mainly in road construction."}, "https://codexery.com/january-uprising/e/january-uprising/january-uprising/": {"t": "January Uprising", "s": "A Polish-Lithuanian insurrection against Russian rule that began in 1863."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/innovators-in-industry/e/innovators-in-industry/levi-strauss/": {"t": "Levi Strauss", "s": "German-born American who founded the first blue jeans company.", "i": "https://codexery.com/innovators-in-industry/img/innovators-in-industry/levi-strauss.webp", "c": "Levi Strauss · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton/": {"t": "Cotton", "s": "Natural fiber from Gossypium plants, widely used in textiles."}, "https://codexery.com/lumberjack-sports/e/lumberjack-sports/lumberjack/": {"t": "Lumberjack", "s": "Historical North American logging workers known for strength and danger."}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/spinning-jenny/": {"t": "Spinning jenny", "s": "A multi-spindle spinning frame that revolutionized textile production during the early Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/carpentry/": {"t": "Carpentry", "s": "Carpenters shape and install materials in construction, from framing to finish."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/spinning-mule/": {"t": "Spinning mule", "s": "Machine that spun cotton and wool into yarn."}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/weaving/": {"t": "Weaving", "s": "A method of interlacing threads at right angles to form fabric."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/murray-river/": {"t": "Murray River", "s": "Australia's longest river, vital for irrigation and ecology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/murray-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Murray River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/adelaide/": {"t": "Adelaide", "s": "Capital of South Australia, founded as a free colony.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/adelaide.webp", "c": "Photograph by Doug Barber · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-originating-in-australia/e/sports-originating-in-australia/sheep-shearing/": {"t": "Sheep shearing", "s": "Sheep shearing is both an agricultural practice and a competitive sport."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/australian-aboriginal-religion-and-mythology/": {"t": "Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology", "s": "Sacred stories linking land, ancestors, and the Dreaming.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/australian-aboriginal-religion-and-mythology.webp", "c": "K. Langloh Parker · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/toulouse/": {"t": "Toulouse", "s": "The Pink City"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/alexander-graham-bell/": {"t": "Alexander Graham Bell", "s": "Inventor of the first practical telephone and pioneer in sound transmission.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/alexander-graham-bell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/power-physics/": {"t": "Power (physics)", "s": "Power is the rate of energy transfer per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/aircraft-carrier/": {"t": "Aircraft carrier", "s": "Mobile seagoing airbase projecting naval air power worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/aircraft-carrier.webp", "c": "Yaohua2000 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/postage-stamp/": {"t": "Postage stamp", "s": "A postage stamp is a small piece of paper issued by a post office, postal administration, or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/anabaptism/": {"t": "Anabaptism", "s": "Radical Reformation movement emphasizing believer's baptism and nonviolence."}, "https://codexery.com/people-of-stirling-castle/e/people-of-stirling-castle/henry-frederick-prince-of-wales/": {"t": "Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales", "s": "Eldest son of James VI and I, died young."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/prague/": {"t": "Prague", "s": "City of a Hundred Spires"}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/ferdinand-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Catholic emperor whose policies intensified the Thirty Years' War."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/christiaan-huygens/": {"t": "Christiaan Huygens", "s": "Dutch polymath who advanced optics, mechanics, and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/naval-mine/": {"t": "Naval mine", "s": "Explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitric-acid/": {"t": "Nitric acid", "s": "A highly corrosive mineral acid used in nitration and as a strong oxidizing agent."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/air-conditioning/": {"t": "Air conditioning", "s": "Cooling the world, from ancient passive designs to modern electric systems."}, "https://codexery.com/kitchentools/e/kitchen-tools/thermometer/": {"t": "Thermometer", "s": "A device that measures temperature, from ancient pneumatics to modern digital readouts."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/optical-microscope/": {"t": "Optical microscope", "s": "Uses visible light and lenses to magnify small objects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/optical-microscope.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/microscope/": {"t": "Microscope", "s": "Instrument for viewing objects invisible to the naked eye.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/microscope.webp", "c": "Chad Anderson, staff photographer for SFO Museum · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/river-thames/": {"t": "River Thames", "s": "Longest river entirely in England, flowing through London."}, "https://codexery.com/casino-royale/e/casino-royale/q/": {"t": "Q", "s": "Quartermaster of the British Secret Service's Q Branch."}, "https://codexery.com/thunderball/e/thunderball/james-bond/": {"t": "James Bond", "s": "Fictional British Secret Service agent, code number 007."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-voynich-manuscript/": {"t": "The Voynich Manuscript", "s": "An undeciphered illustrated codex from the early 15th century, held at Yale University."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/francis-bacon/": {"t": "Francis Bacon", "s": "English philosopher and statesman, father of empiricism, and founder of the scientific method."}, "https://codexery.com/cooking/e/cooking-techniques/pressure-cooker/": {"t": "Pressure cooker", "s": "Sealed vessel that cooks food faster using high-pressure steam."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/centre-val-de-loire/": {"t": "Centre-Val de Loire", "s": "An inland French region straddling the middle Loire Valley in north-central France."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz/": {"t": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz", "s": "German polymath and co-creator of calculus"}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-boyle/": {"t": "Robert Boyle", "s": "Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-boyle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Boyle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/e/inventors-and-engineers/thomas-newcomen/": {"t": "Thomas Newcomen", "s": "English inventor of the atmospheric steam engine, 1712.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/img/inventors-and-engineers/thomas-newcomen.webp", "c": "Jpcuvelier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}}