Mercosur
South American trade bloc promoting free trade and regional integration.
User:Kimdime · Public domain
The Treaty of Asunción (1991) and the Protocol of Ouro Preto (1994) created the South American trade bloc known as Mercosur.[1]
Quick Facts
- Official name
- Southern Commmon Market
- Linking name
- Mercosul
- Recognized languages
- Portuguese
- Spanish
- Guarani
- Largest settlement
- São Paulo
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
On 6 July 1990, the Buenos Aires Act was signed, aiming at total customs integration between Brazil and Argentina.[2] Mercosur was finally established in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which defined rules for a free trade zone among its four signatories.[3] Venezuela's history in Mercosur began on 16 December 2003 with the signing of an Economic Complementation Agreement.[4] Venezuela was admitted as a full member on 31 July 2012, but was suspended on 1 December 2016 for failing to adapt to trade bloc regulations.[5]
The Iguaçu Declaration, signed in December 1985 by Brazilian President José Sarney and Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín, laid the groundwork for economic integration in the Southern Cone.[6] For a new member to join, the Treaty of Asunción mandated that legislative decrees in every signatory country must approve the accession.[7] Venezuela's status was upgraded to associate member on 8 July 2004.[4] The most recent full member to join was Bolivia, which achieved that status on 8 July 2024.[5]
A diplomatic crisis emerged in 2023 between Argentina and the other four full members—Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Brazil—concerning free navigation on rivers in the Río de la Plata Basin.[8]
What the cited sources add
A 2022 article in Trade and Foreign Invest reports that Decree No. 4,728, which partially reforms the Mercosur Common Nomenclature, went into effect in Venezuela on 28 August 2022.[9] A BBC News article from 2013 states that Paraguay's impeachment process was deemed unfair by many neighbors and led to its exclusion from Mercosur.[10] The BBC article also notes that Paraguay said it would not return to Mercosur as long as Venezuela held its rotating presidency.[10] Decree No. 2,647, which adopted the MERCOSUR Common Nomenclature, is based on the World Customs Organization Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System.[9]
References
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "De West – Suriname en Guyana officieel Geassocieerd Lid Mercosur -", 20 July 2015 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: BuenosAires.pdf Ata de Buenos Aires na íntegra (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Gian Luca Gardini, "Who Invented Mercosur?." Diplomacy and Statecraft 18.4 (2007): 805–830. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Acordo Mercosul-CAN", Itamaraty; Mercosur, "Aprovação da República Bolivariana da Venezuela ao Protocolo de Ushuaia"; Folha de S.Paulo, "Bloco anuncia a Venezuela como novo associado" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Mercosur welcomes Venezuela, suspends Paraguay", Reuters, 29 June 2012; "Mercosur suspends Venezuela for failure to follow rules", Associated Press News, 2 December 2016; Ingreso pleno al Mercosur: Bolivia es ahora un eje integrador en la región Consulted 08 July 2024. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Declaração de Iguaçu entre Brasil e Argentina" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Protocolo Constitutivo del Parlamento del Mercosur (article 24)", 9 December 2005 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Mercosur" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Mercosur's Key Waterway Toll Triggers Diplomatic Crisis Among Members", Latam News 24, 2023-09-14 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Manuel E, Palavicini P., Rochelle M., Sabino CQ. (Oct 2022). "Venezuela: Decree establishes reform to the MERCOSUR Common Nomenclature" Trade and Foreign Invest. facts only, no text reused. globalcompliancenews.com
- "Paraguay's President Horacio Cartes sworn in", BBC News, 15 August 2013. facts only, no text reused. bbc.co.uk
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Mercosur (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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