{"/e/musical-instruments/the-harp/": {"t": "The Harp", "s": "A historic pub in Covent Garden, London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-harp.webp", "c": "Unknown; photo released as public domain by the Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0"}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ/": {"t": "The Pipe organ", "s": "A wind-driven keyboard instrument with ancient Greek origins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ.webp", "c": "Ermell · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-accordion/": {"t": "The Accordion", "s": "A bellows-driven free reed instrument combining melody and accompaniment."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-harmonica/": {"t": "The Harmonica", "s": "Free reed wind instrument used across many musical genres."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/chromatic-scale/": {"t": "Chromatic scale", "s": "A twelve-pitch scale with semitone intervals, used in Western music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/img/part-1/chromatic-scale.webp", "c": "Hyacinth · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/part-1/sound/": {"t": "sound", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/part-1/musical-note/": {"t": "Musical note", "s": "Fundamental unit of musical sound and notation."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/part-1/cast-iron/": {"t": "cast-iron", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/classical-music/": {"t": "Classical music", "s": "Western art music tradition emphasizing formality and polyphony."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/part-1/musical-composition/": {"t": "Musical composition", "s": "The art of creating original musical works."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/pitch-music/": {"t": "Pitch (music)", "s": "Pitch is the subjective perception of sound frequency."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/part-1/padua/": {"t": "Padua", "s": "Ancient city, home to a 1222 university and the world's oldest botanical garden."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/johann-sebastian-bach/": {"t": "johann-sebastian-bach", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/": {"t": "wolfgang-amadeus-mozart", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/part-1/metal-casting/": {"t": "metal-casting", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/joseph-haydn/": {"t": "joseph-haydn", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/ludwig-van-beethoven/": {"t": "ludwig-van-beethoven", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/fr-d-ric-chopin/": {"t": "Frédéric Chopin", "s": "Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the early Romantic period"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/franz-liszt/": {"t": "franz-liszt", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/part-1/composite-material/": {"t": "composite-material", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/part-1/frequency/": {"t": "frequency", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/part-1/musical-improvisation/": {"t": "Musical improvisation", "s": "Spontaneous musical composition performed in the moment."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-cello/": {"t": "The Cello", "s": "Bowed string instrument of the violin family, second largest in orchestra."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-double-bass/": {"t": "The Double bass", "s": "Largest and lowest-pitched chordophone in the modern symphony orchestra."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/chamber-music/": {"t": "Chamber music", "s": "Classical music for small ensembles, one performer per part."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/orchestra/": {"t": "Orchestra", "s": "Large instrumental ensemble central to classical and romantic music."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/country-music/": {"t": "Country music", "s": "A genre originating in the United States with diverse folk roots."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/bluegrass-music/": {"t": "Bluegrass music", "s": "Acoustic string-band music with driving off-beat and high lonesome vocals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/part-1/bluegrass-music.webp", "c": "Bohemian Baltimore · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/rock-music/": {"t": "Rock music", "s": "Genre originating in 1940s–50s U.S., blending blues, R&B, and country."}, "https://codexery.com/regional-musics/e/part-1/music-of-iran/": {"t": "Music of Iran", "s": "Iranian music spans millennia, from Elamite harps to modern pop."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/part-1/cremona/": {"t": "Cremona", "s": "City in Lombardy known for its luthiers and medieval history."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/part-1/saxony/": {"t": "saxony", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/corporate-giants/e/part-1/sears/": {"t": "sears", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/old-english/": {"t": "old-english", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sports-athletics/e/part-1/equestrianism/": {"t": "Equestrianism", "s": "Horse riding spans work, sport, therapy, and tradition worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/radiohead/e/places/oxford/": {"t": "Oxford", "s": "The ancient stone streets where a generation's sound was quietly forged."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/part-1/pound-sterling/": {"t": "pound-sterling", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/part-1/arch/": {"t": "arch", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/part-1/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/baroque-music/": {"t": "Baroque music", "s": "Baroque music formalized common-practice tonality and saw the creation of the modern orchestra.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/part-1/baroque-music.webp", "c": "U. S. Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/part-1/hertz/": {"t": "hertz", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/part-1/camille-saint-sa-ns/": {"t": "Camille Saint-Saëns", "s": "French Romantic composer, organist, and musical prodigy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/part-1/camille-saint-sa-ns.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Camille Saint-Saëns · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-violin/": {"t": "The Violin", "s": "A 2005 Mexican drama film directed by Francisco Vargas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-violin.webp", "c": "unknown, released with CC0 license by Smithsonian · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/clef/": {"t": "Clef", "s": "Symbols that assign pitch to staff lines and spaces."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/antonio-vivaldi/": {"t": "Antonio Vivaldi", "s": "The Red Priest of Baroque music"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/robert-schumann/": {"t": "robert-schumann", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/antonin-dvorak/": {"t": "antonin-dvorak", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/johannes-brahms/": {"t": "johannes-brahms", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edward-elgar/": {"t": "Edward Elgar", "s": "English composer of orchestral and choral works."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/claude-debussy/": {"t": "Claude Debussy", "s": "French composer often seen as the first Impressionist."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-virtuosi/e/part-1/paul-hindemith/": {"t": "paul-hindemith", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-legends/e/part-1/sergei-prokofiev/": {"t": "Sergei Prokofiev", "s": "Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf and Romeo and Juliet, one of the giants of 20th-century music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-legends/img/part-1/sergei-prokofiev.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sergei Prokofiev · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dmitri-shostakovich/": {"t": "Dmitri Shostakovich", "s": "Soviet-era composer and pianist, known for his complex relationship with the Soviet government and his 15 symphonies."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/part-1/benjamin-britten/": {"t": "benjamin-britten", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/kendrick-lamar/e/people/rihanna/": {"t": "Rihanna", "s": "Barbadian vocalist and co-writer on a Grammy-winning track from Damn.", "i": "https://codexery.com/kendrick-lamar/img/people/rihanna.webp", "c": "SIGMA · via Wikipedia: Rihanna · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-inventions/e/part-1/indian-classical-music/": {"t": "indian-classical-music", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/second-world-war/": {"t": "second-world-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/part-1/popular-culture/": {"t": "Popular culture", "s": "Dominant practices and beliefs of a society at a given time."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/adult-contemporary-music/": {"t": "Adult contemporary music", "s": "The radio format for adults 25–44, blending easy listening, soft rock, and contemporary pop.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/part-1/adult-contemporary-music.webp", "c": "Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-hittites/": {"t": "the-hittites", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/part-1/oud/": {"t": "oud", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/part-1/acoustic-guitar/": {"t": "Acoustic guitar", "s": "A string instrument that produces sound through acoustic resonance."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-mandolin/": {"t": "The Mandolin", "s": "A plucked lute-family instrument tuned like a violin."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/rock-and-roll/": {"t": "Rock and roll", "s": "Genre of popular music evolving in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/part-1/bass-guitar/": {"t": "Bass guitar", "s": "Lowest-pitched guitar-family instrument, often replacing double bass in popular music."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/part-1/electromagnetism/": {"t": "electromagnetism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/staff-music/": {"t": "Staff (music)", "s": "A set of lines and spaces representing musical pitch and time."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/zhou-dynasty/": {"t": "zhou-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/dutch-language/": {"t": "dutch-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/geoffrey-chaucer/": {"t": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "s": "Father of English literature and poet of The Canterbury Tales"}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-cenozoic-mammals/e/part-1/cave-bear/": {"t": "cave-bear", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/part-1/nature-journal/": {"t": "nature-journal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/part-1/early-modern-human/": {"t": "early-modern-human", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/part-1/sumerian-language/": {"t": "sumerian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/part-1/cuneiform/": {"t": "Cuneiform", "s": "One of the oldest known writing systems, used for over three millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/part-1/cuneiform.webp", "c": "Mason, William Albert, 1855-1923 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-genesis/": {"t": "book-of-genesis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/books-of-kings/": {"t": "books-of-kings", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-isaiah/": {"t": "book-of-isaiah", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/part-1/book-of-jeremiah/": {"t": "book-of-jeremiah", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/part-1/tibia/": {"t": "Tibia", "s": "The larger, stronger shinbone connecting knee and ankle."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/part-1/bernoulli-s-principle/": {"t": "bernoulli-s-principle", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/part-1/resonance/": {"t": "resonance", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/part-1/nickel/": {"t": "nickel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/art-music/": {"t": "Art music", "s": "Music of high phonoaesthetic value, often contrasted with vernacular music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/part-1/art-music.webp", "c": "Savonnerie manufactory · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/germanic-languages/": {"t": "germanic-languages", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/amu-darya/": {"t": "Amu Darya", "s": "Central Asia's historic Oxus, a river of borders and deserts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/amu-darya.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amu Darya · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/the-iliad/": {"t": "the-iliad", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/part-1/carl-maria-von-weber/": {"t": "Carl Maria von Weber", "s": "German composer crucial to German Romantic opera."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/timbre/": {"t": "Timbre", "s": "Timbre distinguishes sounds by source, even at same pitch and volume."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/richard-wagner/": {"t": "richard-wagner", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/part-1/anton-bruckner/": {"t": "anton-bruckner", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/e/part-1/dizzy-gillespie/": {"t": "dizzy-gillespie", "s": ""}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-flute/": {"t": "The Flute", "s": "The flute is an edge-blown aerophone, one of the oldest known musical instruments, with a history spanning tens of thousands of years across Europe, Asia, and t", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-flute.webp", "c": "Henry Macaulay Fitzgibbon · Public domain"}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-clarinet/": {"t": "The Clarinet", "s": "Single-reed woodwind with cylindrical bore and flared bell.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-clarinet.webp", "c": "Auckland Museum Collections from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand · CC BY 2.0"}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-oboe/": {"t": "The Oboe", "s": "The double-reed woodwind that tunes the orchestra with its penetrating A.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-oboe.webp", "c": "Vincenz Kohlert & Sons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/big-band/": {"t": "Big band", "s": "Large jazz ensemble with written arrangements and four instrumental sections.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/part-1/big-band.webp", "c": "Stuart Wood · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/part-1/polycarbonate/": {"t": "Polycarbonate", "s": "A versatile thermoplastic with high impact resistance and optical clarity."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/register-music/": {"t": "Register (music)", "s": "Register defines pitch range and timbre in music."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/ragtime/": {"t": "Ragtime", "s": "A syncopated piano style that shaped early American popular music."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-rock-roll/e/part-1/w-c-handy/": {"t": "W. C. Handy", "s": "One of the first to publish blues music, popularizing the genre."}, "https://codexery.com/frank-sinatra/e/people/duke-ellington/": {"t": "Duke Ellington", "s": "The one who built the orchestra around Sinatra's voice so it felt like the whole band's sound."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/bebop/": {"t": "Bebop", "s": "A complex, improvisation-driven jazz style developed in the 1940s."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/rhythm-and-blues/": {"t": "Rhythm and blues", "s": "A genre originating in African American communities in the 1940s."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/e/part-1/coleman-hawkins/": {"t": "coleman-hawkins", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/part-1/alto-saxophone/": {"t": "Alto saxophone", "s": "The most common saxophone, central to jazz and classical music."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-trumpet/": {"t": "The Trumpet", "s": "A brass instrument used in music and signaling since antiquity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-trumpet.webp", "c": "hpgruesen · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/part-1/richard-strauss/": {"t": "richard-strauss", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/part-1/musical-tuning/": {"t": "Musical tuning", "s": "The adjustment of pitch and the systems that define it."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/part-1/bassoon/": {"t": "Bassoon", "s": "A woodwind instrument with a wide range and distinctive tone."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/20th-century-classical-music/": {"t": "20th-century classical music", "s": "A century of unprecedented stylistic diversity in Western art music."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/felix-mendelssohn/": {"t": "felix-mendelssohn", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/part-1/wind/": {"t": "wind", "s": ""}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-saxophone/": {"t": "The Saxophone", "s": "Single-reed woodwind invented by Adolphe Sax in the early 1840s and patented on 28 June 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-saxophone.webp", "c": "Amati Kraslice · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/musical-instruments/bagpipes/": {"t": "Bagpipes", "s": "A woodwind instrument with enclosed reeds fed from a bag."}, "https://codexery.com/plays-drama/e/part-1/angels-in-america/": {"t": "Angels in America", "s": "Two-part play examining AIDS and homosexuality in 1980s America."}, "https://codexery.com/trees-shrubs/e/part-1/dalbergia/": {"t": "Dalbergia", "s": "A genus of trees and shrubs yielding prized rosewood timber."}, "https://codexery.com/trees-shrubs/e/part-1/diospyros/": {"t": "Diospyros", "s": "Genus of ebony and persimmon trees, ecologically and commercially important."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/part-1/gustav-holst/": {"t": "Gustav Holst", "s": "English composer of The Planets and influential teacher.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/part-1/gustav-holst.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gustav Holst · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/miles-davis/": {"t": "Miles Davis", "s": "The most revered jazz trumpeter of all time, a pioneer of multiple jazz styles."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/e/part-1/charles-mingus/": {"t": "charles-mingus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/part-1/the-godfather/": {"t": "the-godfather", "s": ""}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-piano/": {"t": "The Piano", "s": "A haunting, unpredictable tale of love and sex told from a woman's point of view.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-piano.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/middle-ages/": {"t": "middle-ages", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/sumer/": {"t": "sumer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/sassanid-empire/": {"t": "sassanid-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/persian-language/": {"t": "persian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/mesolithic/": {"t": "mesolithic", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-indus-valley-civilization/": {"t": "the-indus-valley-civilization", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/part-1/andes/": {"t": "Andes", "s": "Longest continental mountain range, forming western backbone of South America."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/paraguay/": {"t": "Paraguay", "s": "A landlocked nation with a rich indigenous heritage and a resilient history."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/bolivia/": {"t": "Bolivia", "s": "A landlocked South American nation with diverse geography and a rich indigenous heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ecuador/": {"t": "Ecuador", "s": "A megadiverse nation straddling the equator, from the Andes to the Galápagos."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/part-1/llanos/": {"t": "Llanos", "s": "Vast tropical grassland plain east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/madhya-pradesh/": {"t": "madhya-pradesh", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/part-1/harpo-marx/": {"t": "harpo-marx", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/the-who/e/people/the-beatles/": {"t": "The Beatles", "s": "The other giant of '60s British rock—parallel, not subordinate, and forever in the same conversation."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/part-1/bass-drum/": {"t": "Bass drum", "s": "A large drum producing low, booming tones across many genres."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/musical-theatre/": {"t": "Musical theatre", "s": "A theatrical form integrating song, dialogue, acting and dance."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-armstrong/": {"t": "Louis Armstrong", "s": "The pioneering jazz trumpeter and vocalist who reshaped music and crossed cultural boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/the-beatles/e/people/ringo-starr/": {"t": "Ringo Starr", "s": "The steady heartbeat and soulful voice of the Fab Four."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/disco/": {"t": "Disco", "s": "A dance music genre and subculture from the late 1960s."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-inventions/e/part-1/gong/": {"t": "gong", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/e/part-1/art-blakey/": {"t": "art-blakey", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-innovators/e/part-1/buddy-rich/": {"t": "buddy-rich", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/frank-sinatra/e/events/john-f-kennedy/": {"t": "John F. Kennedy", "s": "The president who made Sinatra feel like he belonged in the highest room in the country."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/part-1/microphone/": {"t": "microphone", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/part-1/constantine-v/": {"t": "constantine-v", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/part-1/silent-film/": {"t": "silent-film", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/part-1/latin/": {"t": "latin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/roman-empire/": {"t": "roman-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/part-1/hippodrome-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Hippodrome of Constantinople", "s": "Ancient chariot-racing arena turned public square in Istanbul."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/part-1/notre-dame-de-paris/": {"t": "notre-dame-de-paris", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/part-1/miniature-illuminated-manuscript/": {"t": "Miniature (illuminated manuscript)", "s": "Small illustrations decorating ancient and medieval illuminated manuscripts."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/part-1/english-reformation/": {"t": "english-reformation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/gustav-mahler/": {"t": "gustav-mahler", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/catholic-church/": {"t": "catholic-church", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/part-1/bandoneon/": {"t": "bandoneon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/part-1/charles-wheatstone/": {"t": "charles-wheatstone", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/aerosmith/e/awards/grammy-awards/": {"t": "Grammy Awards", "s": "From Boston bars to the Grammys, the Kings of Rock have earned their place in history."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky/": {"t": "pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/part-1/alban-berg/": {"t": "Alban Berg", "s": "Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School, known for blending Romantic lyricism with twelve-tone technique.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/part-1/alban-berg.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alban Berg · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-virtuosi/e/part-1/luciano-berio/": {"t": "luciano-berio", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regional-musics/e/part-1/music-of-australia/": {"t": "Music of Australia", "s": "Discover the ancient and contemporary sounds of Australia, from the didgeridoo to chart-topping Indigenous artists."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/suetonius/": {"t": "Suetonius", "s": "Roman historian and biographer of the Twelve Caesars"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/the-canterbury-tales/": {"t": "the-canterbury-tales", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/part-1/northumberland/": {"t": "northumberland", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/part-1/curling/": {"t": "Curling", "s": "A precision team sport played on ice with stones and brooms."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-songs-compositions/e/part-1/amazing-grace/": {"t": "amazing-grace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/part-1/the-international-space-station/": {"t": "The International Space Station", "s": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular spacecraft in low Earth orbit, assembled and operated by five partner agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, a"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/mughal-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-classical-musicians/e/part-1/ravi-shankar/": {"t": "ravi-shankar", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/led-zeppelin/e/people/rolling-stones/": {"t": "Rolling Stones", "s": "The enduring blues-rock rivals who defined rock's rebellious spirit alongside their peers."}, "https://codexery.com/aerosmith/e/people/metallica/": {"t": "Metallica", "s": "The four-headed beast of thrash that conquered the world alongside rock's bad boys."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/e/part-1/amir-khusrau/": {"t": "Amir Khusrau", "s": "Indo-Persian Sufi poet, musician, and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate", "i": "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/img/part-1/amir-khusrau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amir Khusrau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/sufism/": {"t": "sufism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-cuisine/e/part-1/calabash/": {"t": "calabash", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/housing-furniture/e/part-1/villa/": {"t": "villa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/part-1/column/": {"t": "column", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/the-beatles/e/people/george-harrison/": {"t": "George Harrison", "s": "The quiet guitarist who brought spiritual depth and a unique sonic identity to the world's most famous band."}, "https://codexery.com/regional-musics/e/part-1/music-of-india/": {"t": "Music of India", "s": "Indian music spans millennia, from Vedic chants to global fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/led-zeppelin/e/people/the-yardbirds/": {"t": "The Yardbirds", "s": "English blues rock band that launched three legendary guitarists.", "i": "https://codexery.com/led-zeppelin/img/people/the-yardbirds.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: The Yardbirds · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/the-doors/e/songs/the-end/": {"t": "The End", "s": "A hypnotic descent into the subconscious where ancient myths collide with modern psychosis."}, "https://codexery.com/the-who/e/people/the-kinks/": {"t": "The Kinks", "s": "The other London rock institution that defined the era alongside The Who."}, "https://codexery.com/pop-rock/e/part-1/hall-oates/": {"t": "Hall & Oates", "s": "American pop rock duo, most successful duo of all time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pop-rock/img/part-1/hall-oates.webp", "c": "swimfinfan from Chicago · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/part-1/william-hogarth/": {"t": "William Hogarth", "s": "English painter, engraver, satirist, cartoonist, and writer known for his series of 'modern moral subjects'."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/part-1/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/theatre-and-performance/e/part-1/music-hall/": {"t": "Music hall", "s": "From saloon bars to grand halls: the story of British music hall."}, "https://codexery.com/chris-stapleton/e/places/grand-ole-opry/": {"t": "Grand Ole Opry", "s": "The stage where country legends get their start and traditions stay alive."}, "https://codexery.com/nielsen-ratings-winners/e/part-1/the-beverly-hillbillies/": {"t": "The Beverly Hillbillies", "s": "A sitcom about a hillbilly family who strike oil and move to Beverly Hills."}, "https://codexery.com/theatre-and-performance/e/part-1/sitcom/": {"t": "Sitcom", "s": "A genre of comedy centered on recurring characters in consistent settings, with roots in farce and comedy of manners."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/bar-music/": {"t": "Bar (music)", "s": "Segment of music bounded by bar lines, indicating recurring beats.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/img/part-1/bar-music.webp", "c": "Miguel Discart · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/grateful-dead/e/people/jerry-garcia/": {"t": "Jerry Garcia", "s": "The founder of a groove-based side project that ran from local clubs to arenas for two decades."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/part-1/steve-martin/": {"t": "steve-martin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/part-1/george-gershwin/": {"t": "george-gershwin", "s": ""}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-guitar/": {"t": "The Guitar", "s": "A chordophone from the reference compendium."}, "/e/musical-instruments/the-banjo/": {"t": "The Banjo", "s": "A stringed instrument with African roots, central to American folk and bluegrass."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/part-1/lombardy/": {"t": "lombardy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/carnatic-music/": {"t": "Carnatic music", "s": "South Indian classical music system emphasizing vocal performance."}, "https://codexery.com/fc-porto/e/stadiums/portugal/": {"t": "Portugal", "s": "The land where Atlantic winds blow as the Dragons rise to conquer Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/portuguese-people/": {"t": "portuguese-people", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sporting-cp/e/stadiums/azores/": {"t": "Azores", "s": "A volcanic chain of islands echoing the green and white spirit across the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/regional-musics/e/part-1/music-of-hawaii/": {"t": "Music of Hawaii", "s": "Hawaiian music blends native traditions with global influences."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/part-1/kal-kaua/": {"t": "Kalākaua", "s": "Last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/part-1/hawaiian-language/": {"t": "Hawaiian language", "s": "The historic native language of the Hawaiian people, critically endangered but undergoing revival."}, "https://codexery.com/jimi-hendrix/e/people/paul-mccartney/": {"t": "Paul McCartney", "s": "Beatles bassist and songwriter, Wings leader, and one of the best-selling musicians of all time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jimi-hendrix/img/people/paul-mccartney.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Paul McCartney · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-lennon/": {"t": "John Lennon", "s": "Founder of the Beatles, peace activist, and solo artist."}, "https://codexery.com/grateful-dead/e/places/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "Where the band struggled to capture live energy on tape, yet found a home that fueled their legend."}, "https://codexery.com/stage-legends/e/part-1/john-barrymore/": {"t": "John Barrymore", "s": "The greatest living American tragedian who left the stage for film and became the Great Profile."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/part-1/sheet-music/": {"t": "Sheet music", "s": "Written musical notation enabling performance and study of music."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/marilyn-monroe/": {"t": "Marilyn Monroe", "s": "The Blonde Bombshell Who Redefined Stardom"}, "https://codexery.com/world-music-and-traditional/e/part-1/israel-kamakawiwo-ole/": {"t": "Israel Kamakawiwoʻole", "s": "Native Hawaiian musician known for his ukulele and iconic medley."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/reggae/": {"t": "Reggae", "s": "Music genre originating in Jamaica in the late 1960s."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation-part-2/e/part-1/antenna-radio/": {"t": "antenna-radio", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/part-1/electrical-capacitor/": {"t": "electrical-capacitor", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/part-1/oscillation/": {"t": "oscillation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/part-1/amplitude/": {"t": "amplitude", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers-part-2/e/part-1/rca-corporation/": {"t": "rca-corporation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/j-cole/e/places/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "Where the brown-bulleted J and Z trains run 24/7 between Queens and Lower Manhattan, with skip-stop patterns dating to 1988.", "i": "https://codexery.com/j-cole/img/places/new-york-city.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: J/Z (New York City Subway service) · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/part-1/radio-frequency/": {"t": "radio-frequency", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/part-1/ground-electricity/": {"t": "ground-electricity", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/part-1/capacitance/": {"t": "capacitance", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/singer-songwriters/e/part-1/bob-dylan/": {"t": "Bob Dylan", "s": "American singer-songwriter and Nobel laureate in literature"}, "https://codexery.com/singer-songwriters/e/part-1/neil-young/": {"t": "Neil Young", "s": "Canadian-American singer-songwriter known for personal lyrics and high tenor voice."}, "https://codexery.com/pearl-jam/e/people/eddie-vedder/": {"t": "Eddie Vedder", "s": "A raspy voice from the Pacific coast that turned rock concerts into acts of collective conscience."}, "https://codexery.com/singer-songwriters/e/part-1/billy-joel/": {"t": "Billy Joel", "s": "American singer-songwriter and pianist known as the Piano Man."}, "https://codexery.com/singer-songwriters/e/part-1/bruce-springsteen/": {"t": "Bruce Springsteen", "s": "American singer-songwriter known as 'the Boss' with six decades of albums."}, "https://codexery.com/corporate-giants/e/part-1/yamaha-corporation/": {"t": "yamaha-corporation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/part-1/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/part-1/willow/": {"t": "Willow", "s": "Willows are diverse trees and shrubs of the genus Salix."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/part-1/fiberglass/": {"t": "fiberglass", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/part-1/catalonia/": {"t": "Catalonia", "s": "An autonomous community in northeastern Spain with a distinct history and language."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/part-1/ottorino-respighi/": {"t": "Ottorino Respighi", "s": "Italian composer famed for his Roman tone poems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/part-1/ottorino-respighi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ottorino Respighi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/part-1/kakadu-national-park/": {"t": "Kakadu National Park", "s": "World Heritage site with ancient rock art and diverse ecosystems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/img/part-1/kakadu-national-park.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/part-1/onomatopoeia/": {"t": "onomatopoeia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/part-1/irish-language/": {"t": "Irish language", "s": "Irish is a Celtic language native to Ireland, with a rich literary history and official status in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the European Un"}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/part-1/eucalyptus/": {"t": "Eucalyptus", "s": "The gum tree genus with over 700 species, known for its distinctive operculum and oil-rich leaves."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/part-1/dingo/": {"t": "dingo", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/acid-jazz-musicians/e/part-1/derrick-mckenzie/": {"t": "derrick-mckenzie", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/part-1/stephen-colbert/": {"t": "stephen-colbert", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/part-1/taboo/": {"t": "taboo", "s": ""}}