Infectious Causes of Cancer Codexery

Anal cancer

Anal cancer is a malignancy often linked to HPV infection.

Last updated

The distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract, the anus, is where anal cancer originates.[1] Possible indicators of anal cancer encompass anal bleeding, a detectable mass, discomfort, pruritus, or anal secretions.[1] Having many sexual partners, engaging in receptive anal intercourse, smoking, being infected with HIV/AIDS or HPV are all associated with a higher chance of developing anal cancer.[2]

Key facts and history

The Lecturio Medical Concept Library notes that anal cancer accounts for 2.7% of all gastrointestinal tract cancers.[3] The American Cancer Society estimates for 2026 about 11,270 new cases and 1,700 deaths in the U.S..[4] The SEER data show that for localized anal cancer, the 5-year relative survival is 85.0%.[5] Near the squamocolumnar junction, squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent histological type of anal cancer.[2][6]

In 2002, the global count of new anal cancer diagnoses was 30,400, with HPV being responsible for roughly 90% of these cases.[7] Based on SEER data, the annual incidence of new anal cancer cases in the U.S. is 2.0 per 100,000 individuals.[5] Females have a higher incidence of anal cancer than males, and the condition most commonly appears after the age of 45.[8] In the United States, the proportion of anal cancer patients who live for at least five years following diagnosis is 71%.[8]

What the research sources say

The National Cancer Institute states that treatment options include local resection for small, non-spread cancers.[9] The Lecturio Medical Concept Library describes anal cancer as presenting as a firm, erythematous, keratotic plaque or papule.[3] Cancer Research UK reports 1,733 new cases of anal cancer each year in the UK for 2019, 2021-2022.[10] The same source states that 52% survive anal cancer for 10 or more years in England (2013-2017).[10]

The SEER data indicate that 39.5% of anal cancers are diagnosed at the local stage.[5]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Anal cancer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018; "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018; "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018; "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Anal cancer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018; Nelson, "Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer.", Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, January 2017, p. 9–15; Nelson, "Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer.", Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, January 2017, p. 9–15; "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. "Anal Cancer", The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. facts only, no text reused. lecturio.com
  4. "Detailed Guide: Anal Cancer What Are the Key Statistics About Anal Cancer?". facts only, no text reused. cancer.org
  5. "Cancer of the Anus, Anal Canal, and Anorectum—Cancer Stat Facts", SEER. facts only, no text reused. seer.cancer.gov
  6. Wikipedia, "Anal cancer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Anal Cancer", The Lecturio Medical Concept Library (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Anal cancer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Parkin DM, "The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002", Int. J. Cancer, 2006, p. 3030–44; Parkin DM, "The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002", Int. J. Cancer, 2006, p. 3030–44; Parkin DM, "The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002", Int. J. Cancer, 2006, p. 3030–44 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Anal cancer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Anal Cancer Prevention", National Cancer Institute, 14 February 2014; "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018; "Cancer of the Anus, Anal Canal, and Anorectum—Cancer Stat Facts", SEER; "Cancer of the Anus, Anal Canal, and Anorectum—Cancer Stat Facts", SEER; "Cancer of the Anus, Anal Canal, and Anorectum—Cancer Stat Facts", SEER; Nelson, "Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer.", Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, January 2017, p. 9–15; "Cancer of the Anus, Anal Canal, and Anorectum—Cancer Stat Facts", SEER (we also read en.wikipedia.org
  9. "Anal Cancer Treatment", National Cancer Institute, 2018. facts only, no text reused. cancer.gov
  10. "Anal Cancer Statistics", Cancer Research UK. facts only, no text reused. cancerresearchuk.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Anal cancer (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

More in Infectious causes of cancer

Burkitt lymphomaCarcinogenic bacteriaCarcinogenic parasiteCastleman diseaseCervical cancerCervical Cancer Gene DatabaseCervical cancer stagingCervical intraepithelial neoplasiaCervical screeningCholangiocarcinomaChronic diseases and cancers linked to infectious microbesClonorchis sinensis

Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

Spotted an error? Know more?

Reader corrections go straight into our review queue. Suggest an edit · How this site is sourced

Comments

Loading…
Open in the interactive codex →