Pima Revolt (1751)
Pima uprising in 1751 against Spanish colonial rule in Arizona.
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The Pima Revolt, also called the Oʼodham Uprising or the Pima Outbreak, was a rebellion of Pima Native Americans in 1751 against Spanish colonial forces in what is now Arizona. It stands as one of the major northern frontier conflicts of early New Spain.
Quick Facts
- Date
- 1751
- Location
- Spanish Arizona
- Rebel leader
- Luis Oacpicagigua (Luis of Sáric)
- Initial attack
- November 20, 1751
- Surrender date
- March 18, 1752
- Death of leader
- 1755
Facts from the source article.
Background
The revolt grew out of decades of Spanish settler violence against Natives beginning in 1684, during which Pima autonomy and territory gradually diminished. Treaties permitting Spanish mining and herding on native lands brought many new settlers, and by 1760 Hispanos were a substantial presence in the American Southwest. The colonial province of Sonora had a larger native population and more frequent conflict with Spaniards; the Pima Revolt was directly preceded by the Seri Revolt of Seri Natives in Sonora.
Uprising
Luis Oacpicagigua, a charismatic leader, began uniting the Pima groups—numbering at least 15,000 people—under a single war plan, though the Pima had no central authority. Over the next day, uprisings followed in Caborca, Pitiquito, Oquitoa, Atil, Tubutama, Sonoyta, Busani, Agua Caliente, Baboquivari, Arivaca, and Tubac, resulting in more than a hundred settler deaths. Oacpicagigua surrendered to Captain José Díaz del Carpio on March 18, 1752 after a negotiated peace; Pima leaders blamed Jesuit missionaries and were pardoned by colonial governor Ortiz Parrilla.
After the conflict
Small-scale conflict soon resumed, and Oacpicagigua died in a Spanish prison in 1755. The colonial government founded three new presidios in Sonora to control the Pima and Seri populace: San Ignacio de Tubac, Santa Gertrudis de Altar, and San Carlos de Buenavista. Intermittent rebellions continued, notably the Jabanimo revolt in 1756, but by the end of the eighteenth century Sonoran natives had been largely missionized or Hispanicized, and the assimilated tribes were absorbed into the Spanish Empire.
More in Indigenous Rebellions Against the Spanish Empire
Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Pima Revolt (1751) (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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