Medication
Substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
Last updated
Samsule2 · CC BY-SA 4.0
In research studies, a placebo refers to a medication lacking any active ingredient.[1]
Quick Facts
- Definition
- A drug used to diagnose
- cure
- treat
- or prevent disease
- Key classifications
- Prescription drugs
- over-the-counter drugs
- small molecule drugs
- biological medical products
- Administration routes
- By mouth
- infusion into a vein
- drops into ear or eye
- and others
- Regulatory bodies
- Governments regulate marketing, pricing, and approval; World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines
- Discovery cost
- Approximately US$1.8 billion per new molecular entity (as of 2010)
- Common dosage forms
- Tablets
- capsules
- liquids
- creams
- patches
Facts from the source article.
Key facts and history
Drug therapy relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement.[2] Gerhard Domagk's work in 1932 led to the first appearance of antibiotics in medicine.[3] The FDA granted approval in 1960 for Enovid, which was the initial oral contraceptive.[4] During the 19th century, lithium was identified for its potential to treat nervous disorders and stabilize mood.[4]
Ritalin entered the market in 1955, initially indicated for narcolepsy.[4] Any drug achieving over $1 billion in annual revenue for its manufacturer qualifies as a blockbuster drug.[5] Cimetidine was the inaugural drug to surpass $1 billion in yearly sales.[5]
What the cited sources add
This scheme is negotiated between the Department of Health and the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry.[6] The PPRS payment percentage for 2017 was set at 4.75%.[6] Drug costs in the United States emerge from talks between pharmaceutical firms and insurers, with only partial regulation.[7][8]
References
- Wikipedia, "Medication" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Definition of medication", National Cancer Institute, 2 February 2011 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Medication" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, SEC. 210.", U.S. Food and Drug Administration; "Directive 2004/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 amending Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal p (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Medication" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Stork, "Top Pharmaceuticals: Prontosil", 20 June 2005 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Medication" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Tone, Andrea and Elizabeth Watkins, Medicating Modern America: Prescription Drugs in History. New York and London, New York University, 2007. Print. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Medication" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Blockbuster medicine' is defined as being one which achieves annual revenues of over US$1 billion at global level." in European Commission, Pharmaceutical ; Whitney, Jake, "Pharmaceutical Sales 101: Me-Too Drugs", Guernica, February 2006 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "PPRS: payment percentage 2017 – Details", GOV.UK, 23 December 2016. facts only, no text reused. gov.uk
- Wikipedia, "Medication" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: van Wormer, "Social welfare policy for a sustainable future : the U.S. in global context", SAGE, 18 March 2015 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9781452240312 ("Social Welfare Policy for a Sustainable Future"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Medication (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Medication (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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