Historical Figures Codexery

Arnold J. Toynbee

English historian who analyzed the rise and fall of civilizations.

Born in London on 14 April 1889 to Harry Valpy Toynbee and Sarah Edith Marshall, Arnold Joseph Toynbee worked as a research professor of international history at both the London School of Economics and King's College London.[1][2] Between 1929 and 1956, Toynbee held the position of Director of Studies at Chatham House, and during that period he compiled 34 volumes of the Survey of International Affairs.[1] Toynbee's most famous publication, A Study of History, which appeared in 12 volumes from 1934 to 1961, analyzed the emergence and decline of 26 civilizations and achieved popularity in both commercial and academic spheres.[3][4][5]

Quick Facts

Birth name
Arnold Joseph Toynbee
Born
14 April 1889
Birthplace
London, England
Died
22 October 1975
Place of death
York, England
Discipline
History
Notable works
A Study of History
Relatives
Arnold Toynbee (uncle); Jocelyn Toynbee (sister)

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

Toynbee was born on 14 April 1889 in London to Harry Valpy Toynbee and Sarah Edith Marshall.[2] His mother took the equivalent of an undergraduate degree in English history at Cambridge University when higher education for women was unusual.[2] Having won a scholarship, he was educated at Winchester College and later read literae humaniores at Balliol College, Oxford from 1907 to 1911.[6] Toynbee was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1937 and an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1941.[7]

At the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, Toynbee participated as a delegate and contributed to the development of the Treaty of Sèvres.[2] In 1913, Toynbee married Rosalind Murray, and the couple had three sons, one of whom was Philip Toynbee.[8] Toynbee passed away at age 86 on 22 October 1975.[8]

What the cited sources add

Kennan noted that Toynbee's picture appeared on the cover of Time magazine in March 1947, followed by an explanatory article.[9] The Toynbee Prize Foundation was chartered in 1987 to contribute to the development of the social sciences from a broad historical view.[10] In 2025 the Toynbee Prize was awarded to Sunil Amrith for his work on the movement of peoples shaped by environmental forces.[11] Toynbee met and corresponded with Daisaku Ikeda in 1971 and 1973, and their dialogue was later published as the book Choose Life.[12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Scott, "Hidden Government", The A.K. Chesterton Trust, 2017, p. 33; Chatham House: Its history and Inhabitants C.E. Carrington and Mary Bone, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2004. p115; McNeill, "Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life", Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 124; Brewin, "Research in a Global Context: A Discussion of Toynbee's Legacy", Review of International Studies, 1992, p. 115–130 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889–1975", Proceedings of the British Academy, 1978, p. 441–69 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Published in 12 volumes from 1934 to 1961 under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs by Oxford University Press with the disclaimer in e (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Arnold Toynbee", Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition, 6 Apr 2014 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kennan, "The History of Arnold Toynbee", The New York Review of Books, 1 June 1989; "Toynbee and History: Critical Essays and Reviews", Porter Sargent, 1956, p. vii; "The Psychology of Encounters—Arnold Toynbee: The World and the West: 1952", BBC Radio 4, 14 December 1952 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Orry, "Arnold Toynbee, Brief Lives", Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 537; "Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889–1975", Proceedings of the British Academy, 1978, p. 441–69; "Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889–1975", Proceedings of the British Academy, 1978, p. 441–69; "Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889–1975", Proceedings of the British Academy, 1978, p. 441–69 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Toynbee, Arnold Joseph", Who Was Who, 1 December 2007; Chatham House: Its history and Inhabitants C.E. Carrington and Mary Bone, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2004. p115; "Toynbee, Arnold Joseph", Who Was Who, 1 December 2007; "Arnold Joseph Toynbee", American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 9 February 2023 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The oldest living Somervillian?", Somerville College, 17 May 2024; McNeill, "Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life", Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 124; "Universal Historian: The Life, Ideas and Influence of Arnold J. Toynbee", Chicago Tribune, 1989-06-04 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Kennan, "The History of Arnold Toynbee", The New York Review of Books, 1 June 1989. facts only, no text reused. nybooks.com
  10. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The Toynbee Prize Foundation", Toynbee Foundation (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. "2025 Toynbee Prize Announcement", Toynbee Prize Foundation, 2025-03-24. facts only, no text reused. toynbeeprize.org
  12. Wikipedia, "Arnold J. Toynbee" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Louis Turner, "Britain and Japan: Biographical Portraits", Global Oriental, 2010-09-23, p. 292; Toynbee, "The Value of a Grandfather Figure", Manchester Guardian, 19 May 1984 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Arnold J. Toynbee (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

More in Scientists & Inventors

Hugh Trevor-RoperKenneth ArrowGary BeckerFischer BlackJames M. BuchananMilton FriedmanJohn Kenneth GalbraithHenry GeorgeJames HeckmanRobert Lucas Jr.Daniel McFaddenRobert C. Merton

Elsewhere in Historical Figures

Frans Hals · Artists & ComposersMark Antony · Rulers & LeadersLeonardo da Vinci · Notable FiguresCyril of Alexandria · Notable FiguresIsaac Newton · Notable FiguresClark Gable · Writers & Journalists

Spotted an error? Know more?

Reader corrections go straight into our review queue. Suggest an edit · How this site is sourced

Comments

Loading…
Open in the interactive codex →