Historical Figures Codexery

Ernest Hemingway

American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist known for his economical style and adventurous life.

Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, the second of six children.[1] He competed in boxing, track and field, water polo, and football at Oak Park and River Forest High School between 1913 and 1917.[2] He volunteered as an ambulance driver with the American Red Cross in Italy during World War I.[3]

Quick Facts

Born
21 July 1899
Birthplace
Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.
Died
2 July 1961
Place of death
Ketchum, Idaho, U.S.
Children
  • Jack
  • Patrick
  • Gloria

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

Hemingway's father taught him woodcraft, hunting, fishing, and camping during family summers in Michigan.[4] Despite his wounds, he assisted Italian soldiers to safety and received the Italian Silver Medal of Military Valor.[5] He recuperated for six months in a Milan hospital, where he fell in love with nurse Agnes von Kurowsky.[3] In Paris, he met writers including Gertrude Stein, James Joyce, and Ezra Pound.[6]

He covered the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance, accompanied by journalist Martha Gellhorn.[7][8] He married Martha in November 1940 after divorcing Pauline.[9] Upon finishing high school, he became a junior reporter at The Kansas City Star, whose in-house writing rules shaped his literary style.[2][10]

What the cited sources add

The Princeton University Library collection states that Horne and Hemingway were stationed together in Schio, Italy, and drove the same ambulance.[11] The Princeton Alumni Weekly article reports that Horne offered to "grubstake him while he became a writer" and they became roommates.[12] The same article notes that Horne visited Hemingway in Cuba in 1958 and they exchanged letters until Hemingway's death.[12] An account from the archives indicates that Hemingway stored a fragment of shrapnel from his injury inside a small leather change purse.[3]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Oliver (1999), 140 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Reynolds (2000), 19; Meyers (1985), 19–23; Meyers (1985), 19–23 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Putnam, "Hemingway on War and Its Aftermath", archives.gov, August 15, 2016. facts only, no text reused. archives.gov
  4. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Meyers (1985), 11; Reynolds (2000), 19 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Mellow (1992), 57–60; On awarding the medal, the Italians wrote of Hemingway: "Gravely wounded by numerous pieces of shrapnel from an enemy shell, with an admirable spirit of brother; Hutchisson (2016), 28; Baker (1981), 247; Baker (1981), 17 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Baker (1972), 7; Meyers (1985), 70–74; Baker (1972), 7 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Baker (1972), 227; Mellow (1992), 488 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kert (1983), 287–295 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lynn (1987), 479 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Ernest Hemingway" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Star style and rules for writing", The Kansas City Star, June 26, 1999 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. "William Dodge Horne Collection of Ernest Hemingway", Princeton University Library. facts only, no text reused. findingaids.library.upenn.edu
  12. Stamler, "Friends for Life: Alums' Recollections of Hemingway", Princeton Alumni Weekly, July 14, 2021. facts only, no text reused. paw.princeton.edu

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Ernest Hemingway (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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