[{"n": "Coca", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/coca/", "s": "The sacred leaf of the Andes, chewed for millennia as a mild stimulant and cultural cornerstone."}, {"n": "Coffea", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/coffea/", "s": "A genus of flowering plants whose seeds are roasted to brew coffee, a globally valuable commodity crop."}, {"n": "Cymbopogon", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/cymbopogon/", "s": "A grass genus used in cooking, medicine, and insect repellent."}, {"n": "Galangal", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/galangal/", "s": "A pungent, aromatic rhizome used in cuisine and traditional medicine."}, {"n": "Grains of paradise", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/grains-of-paradise/", "s": "A pungent West African spice once traded as 'grains of paradise.'"}, {"n": "Hops", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/hops/", "s": "Flowers of Humulus lupulus used to bitter and preserve beer."}, {"n": "Humulus lupulus", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/humulus-lupulus/", "s": "A perennial climbing plant whose female cones flavor and preserve beer."}, {"n": "Hypericum perforatum", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/hypericum-perforatum/", "s": "A flowering herb used for centuries in traditional medicine."}, {"n": "Hyssopus officinalis", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/hyssopus-officinalis/", "s": "A shrub used in traditional medicine for antiseptic and respiratory relief."}, {"n": "Illicium verum", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/illicium-verum/", "s": "Evergreen tree whose star-shaped fruit is a spice and Tamiflu precursor."}, {"n": "Jasminum officinale", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/jasminum-officinale/", "s": "A fragrant climber valued for its heady summer scent."}, {"n": "Jasminum sambac", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/jasminum-sambac/", "s": "A fragrant jasmine species native to Bhutan and India."}, {"n": "Juniper berry", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/juniper-berry/", "s": "A fleshy cone used as spice and to flavour gin."}, {"n": "Kava", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/kava/", "s": "Psychoactive beverage from Pacific Islands, used ceremonially and socially."}, {"n": "Kola nut", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/kola-nut/", "s": "Caffeine-containing seed used in cola drinks and West African ceremonies."}, {"n": "Long pepper", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/long-pepper/", "s": "Ancient spice, sweeter and more pungent than black pepper."}, {"n": "Marjoram", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/marjoram/", "s": "A cold-sensitive herb with sweet pine and citrus flavors."}, {"n": "Mugwort", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/mugwort/", "s": "Aromatic plant used in medicine, cuisine, and spiritual practices worldwide."}, {"n": "Mustard plant", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/mustard-plant/", "s": "Mustard plants yield spice, oil, and greens used worldwide."}, {"n": "Nigella sativa", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/nigella-sativa/", "s": "Annual flowering plant used as a spice and in traditional medicine."}, {"n": "Ocimum tenuiflorum", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/ocimum-tenuiflorum/", "s": "Aromatic perennial plant used in Hindu worship and traditional medicine."}, {"n": "Peppermint", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/peppermint/", "s": "A hybrid mint widely used for flavor and fragrance."}, {"n": "Piper (plant)", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/piper-plant/", "s": "A diverse genus of pepper plants with global economic and ecological importance."}, {"n": "Papaver somniferum", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/papaver-somniferum/", "s": "Source of opium and poppy seeds, widely naturalised."}, {"n": "Safflower", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/safflower/", "s": "An ancient crop cultivated for oil and dye."}, {"n": "Tarragon", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/tarragon/", "s": "A perennial herb used in cooking and traditional medicine."}, {"n": "Thai basil", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/thai-basil/", "s": "A Southeast Asian basil with anise-like flavor and purple stems."}, {"n": "Spearmint", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/spearmint/", "s": "A perennial herb used for flavoring, tea, and essential oil."}, {"n": "Salvia officinalis", "u": "/e/herbs-and-spices/salvia-officinalis/", "s": "A Mediterranean herb used for centuries in cooking and traditional medicine."}]