{"/e/hagia-sophia/byzantine-video-game/": {"t": "Byzantine (video game)", "s": "A journalist uncovers a murder mystery in virtual reconstructions of historic Turkey."}, "/e/hagia-sophia/sophia-wisdom/": {"t": "Sophia (wisdom)", "s": "Greek term for wisdom, central in philosophy and Christian theology."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/hagia-sophia/": {"t": "Hagia Sophia", "s": "Justinian's great domed church in Istanbul: cathedral, mosque, museum and mosque again.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/hagia-sophia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hagia Sophia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-marmara/": {"t": "Sea of Marmara", "s": "A small inland sea linking the Black Sea and Aegean, rich in history and mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/eurasian-plate/": {"t": "Eurasian plate", "s": "Tectonic plate covering most of Eurasia and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "/e/hagia-sophia/1509-constantinople-earthquake/": {"t": "1509 Constantinople earthquake", "s": "A devastating earthquake and tsunami struck Constantinople in 1509."}, "/e/hagia-sophia/1766-istanbul-earthquake/": {"t": "1766 Istanbul earthquake", "s": "Last major Istanbul earthquake from North Anatolian Fault rupture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/justinian-i/": {"t": "Justinian I", "s": "Roman emperor who codified Roman law and reconquered lost territories."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/slavery/": {"t": "Slavery", "s": "Slavery is the ownership of a person as property."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "Northern Hemisphere: most populous, land-rich half of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/yellow-sea/": {"t": "Yellow Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between China and Korea, named for its yellow silt."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-fall-of-constantinople/": {"t": "The Fall of Constantinople", "s": "The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the early modern period."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mehmed-ii/": {"t": "Mehmed II", "s": "The Conqueror of Constantinople"}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-1883-eruption-of-krakatoa/": {"t": "The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa", "s": "One of history's deadliest volcanic eruptions, producing the loudest known sound."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/fault-geology/": {"t": "Fault (geology)", "s": "A fracture in rock where displacement occurs, causing earthquakes."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/maiden-s-tower/": {"t": "Maiden's Tower", "s": "Historic tower on a Bosphorus islet, site of legend and restoration."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/hippodrome-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Hippodrome of Constantinople", "s": "Ancient chariot-racing arena turned public square in Istanbul."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/topkap-palace/": {"t": "Topkapı Palace", "s": "Ottoman administrative center and sultan's residence from the 1460s to 1853.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/topkap-palace.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Topkapı Palace · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/islamic-eschatology/": {"t": "Islamic eschatology", "s": "Islamic beliefs about end times, judgment, and afterlife."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/quran/": {"t": "Quran", "s": "Central religious text of Islam, believed to be divine revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/sinai-peninsula/": {"t": "Sinai Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula in Egypt and a land bridge between Africa and Asia", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/sinai-peninsula.webp", "c": "CIA · via Wikipedia: Sinai Peninsula · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/e/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/nostradamus/": {"t": "Nostradamus", "s": "French astrologer and reputed seer of the 16th century."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/moldavia/": {"t": "Moldavia", "s": "Historical principality that united with Wallachia to form Romania."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eastern-europe/": {"t": "Eastern Europe", "s": "A contested subregion with shifting cultural and political boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bucharest/": {"t": "Bucharest", "s": "Capital and largest city of Romania, historically called 'Paris of the East'."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-romania/e/castles-in-romania/suceava/": {"t": "Suceava", "s": "Medieval Moldavian capital and Habsburg border commercial town."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/e/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/lviv/": {"t": "Lviv", "s": "Historic city centre listed as UNESCO World Heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/alexander-pushkin/": {"t": "Alexander Pushkin", "s": "Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era, considered the greatest Russian poet and founder of modern Russian literature."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-v/": {"t": "Constantine V", "s": "Byzantine emperor who strengthened borders and enforced iconoclast policies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-v.webp", "c": "Kostisl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/cappadocia/": {"t": "Cappadocia", "s": "Historical region in central Turkey with unique rock formations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/img/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/cappadocia.webp", "c": "Peretz Partensky from San Francisco, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/dungeons-dragons/e/dungeons-and-dragons/tsr-inc/": {"t": "TSR, Inc.", "s": "Original publisher of Dungeons & Dragons and pioneer of role-playing games."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss/": {"t": "Anschluss", "s": "Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss.webp", "c": "Unknown author · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/e/radio-modulation-modes/speakeasy/": {"t": "SpeakEasy", "s": "First large-scale software radio for military interoperability."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/isidore-of-miletus/": {"t": "Isidore of Miletus", "s": "Byzantine mathematician, physicist, and co-architect of Hagia Sophia", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/isidore-of-miletus.webp", "c": "Hubertl · via Wikipedia: Isidore of Miletus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/apollonius-of-perga/": {"t": "Apollonius of Perga", "s": "Ancient Greek geometer who defined conic sections."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/historical-fiction/": {"t": "Historical fiction", "s": "Fictional narratives set in real historical periods."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/suleiman-the-magnificent/": {"t": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "s": "Ottoman sultan who expanded the empire and reformed its laws."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/michelangelo/": {"t": "Michelangelo", "s": "Italian High Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/michelangelo.webp", "c": "Attributed to Daniele da Volterra · via Wikipedia: Michelangelo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/mary-mother-of-jesus/": {"t": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "s": "First-century Jewish woman, mother of Jesus, venerated in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-mythology/e/christian-mythology/massacre-of-the-innocents/": {"t": "Massacre of the Innocents", "s": "Biblical account of Herod's order to kill male infants near Bethlehem."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/josephus/": {"t": "Josephus", "s": "Roman–Jewish historian and military leader, author of The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/philo/": {"t": "Philo", "s": "Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who blended Plato and Moses."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jules-verne/": {"t": "Jules Verne", "s": "French novelist, poet, and playwright; creator of the Voyages extraordinaires."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/eastern-christianity/": {"t": "Eastern Christianity", "s": "Eastern Christianity encompasses diverse traditions originating in the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/eastern-christianity.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom/": {"t": "John Chrysostom", "s": "Church Father and Archbishop of Constantinople known for eloquent preaching.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Chrysostom · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/diocese/": {"t": "Diocese", "s": "Ecclesiastical district under a bishop's jurisdiction."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/arcadius/": {"t": "Arcadius", "s": "Weak emperor dominated by ministers and his wife."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/armenian-alphabet/": {"t": "Armenian alphabet", "s": "Alphabetic script created for Armenian, used since the 5th century."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/arianism/": {"t": "Arianism", "s": "A nontrinitarian doctrine named after Arius, condemned as heresy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/socrates-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Socrates of Constantinople", "s": "5th-century Greek church historian, author of Historia Ecclesiastica."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/ephesus/": {"t": "Ephesus", "s": "Ancient Greek city on the Ionian coast, home to the Temple of Artemis and a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/nestorius/": {"t": "Nestorius", "s": "Archbishop of Constantinople whose Christological teachings led to lasting controversy."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/microsoft-windows/": {"t": "Microsoft Windows", "s": "Proprietary operating system by Microsoft, dominant on desktops since the 1990s."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/photorealism/": {"t": "Photorealism", "s": "Art movement reproducing photographs with meticulous realism."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-theatre/e/ancient-greek-theatre/protagonist/": {"t": "Protagonist", "s": "The main character driving a story's plot forward."}, "https://codexery.com/limbo/e/characters/pilgrim-faith-as-a-weapon/": {"t": "Pilgrim: Faith as a Weapon", "s": "A 1997 adventure game based on Paulo Coelho's novel.", "i": "https://codexery.com/limbo/img/characters/pilgrim-faith-as-a-weapon.webp", "c": "Arxel Tribe · via Wikipedia: Pilgrim: Faith as a Weapon · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/dvd/": {"t": "DVD", "s": "Digital optical disc format that replaced VHS for home video."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/baldur-s-gate-3/e/characters/diablo-video-game/": {"t": "Diablo (video game)", "s": "A 1997 action RPG that defined the dungeon-crawling genre."}, "https://codexery.com/cyberpunk-2077/e/characters/final-fantasy-vii/": {"t": "Final Fantasy VII", "s": "A landmark role-playing game that defined a generation."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/byzantine-art/": {"t": "Byzantine art", "s": "Art of the Byzantine Empire and its cultural inheritors."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/constantine-the-great/": {"t": "Constantine the Great", "s": "First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/ankara/": {"t": "Ankara", "s": "Capital of Turkey, ancient Galatian and Roman center."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/anastasius-i-dicorus/": {"t": "Anastasius I Dicorus", "s": "Eastern Roman emperor who reformed finances and built lasting defenses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/anastasius-i-dicorus.webp", "c": "Miguel Hermoso Cuesta · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/basilica-of-san-vitale/": {"t": "Basilica of San Vitale", "s": "Sixth-century Byzantine church famed for its mosaics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/img/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/basilica-of-san-vitale.webp", "c": "_o0OKO0o_ · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/heraclius/": {"t": "Heraclius", "s": "Byzantine emperor who defeated the Persians but lost newly regained lands to the Arab conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constans-ii/": {"t": "Constans II", "s": "Byzantine emperor who visited Rome and faced Arab invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/classes-of-angels/e/classes-of-angels/archangel/": {"t": "Archangel", "s": "Chief messengers and protectors in Abrahamic traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-folklore/e/russian-folklore/maslenitsa/": {"t": "Maslenitsa", "s": "Eastern Slavic holiday marking the last week before Lent."}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/mount-athos/": {"t": "Mount Athos", "s": "Eastern Orthodox monastic center on a Greek peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/doctrine/": {"t": "Doctrine", "s": "Codified teachings or principles across religion, law, and military."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/titian/": {"t": "Titian", "s": "Italian Renaissance painter, founder of the Venetian school, known for his masterful use of colour.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/titian.webp", "c": "Titian · via Wikipedia: Titian · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jackson-pollock/": {"t": "Jackson Pollock", "s": "American abstract expressionist known for his drip painting technique."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-wall-street-journal/": {"t": "The Wall Street Journal", "s": "American business newspaper, newspaper of record, center-right editorial page."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/stone-age/": {"t": "Stone Age", "s": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/venus-of-willendorf/": {"t": "Venus of Willendorf", "s": "An 11.1 cm Paleolithic figurine, carved from oolitic limestone and tinted with red ochre, estimated to have been left in the ground around 30,000 years ago."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures-and-statues/e/sculptures-and-statues/laoco-n-and-his-sons/": {"t": "Laocoön and His Sons", "s": "Ancient sculpture of Trojan priest and sons attacked by serpents."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-legendary-creatures/e/greek-legendary-creatures/sea-serpent/": {"t": "Sea serpent", "s": "A sea monster found in mythologies worldwide, often slain by a god."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/donatello/": {"t": "Donatello", "s": "Renaissance sculptor of the bronze David, first freestanding nude since antiquity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/donatello.webp", "c": "Francesco Bini · via Wikipedia: Donatello · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/mannerism/": {"t": "Mannerism", "s": "A European style exaggerating High Renaissance ideals into artificial elegance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gian-lorenzo-bernini/": {"t": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "s": "The Michelangelo of his century"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/pop-art/": {"t": "Pop art", "s": "Art movement merging mass culture with fine art."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/andy-warhol/": {"t": "Andy Warhol", "s": "The most important artist of the second half of the 20th century"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/marilyn-monroe/": {"t": "Marilyn Monroe", "s": "The Blonde Bombshell Who Redefined Stardom"}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/john-adams-composer/": {"t": "John Adams (composer)", "s": "American composer noted for historical operas and minimalist style."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/giotto/": {"t": "Giotto", "s": "Italian painter and architect from Florence, known for his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel and as a key figure of the Proto-Renaissance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/giotto.webp", "c": "Unidentified painter · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/el-greco/": {"t": "El Greco", "s": "Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance, known for tortuously elongated figures and fantastic pigmentation."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/rembrandt/": {"t": "Rembrandt", "s": "Dutch Golden Age master of light, shadow, and human emotion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/rembrandt.webp", "c": "Rembrandt · via Wikipedia: Rembrandt · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/johannes-vermeer/": {"t": "Johannes Vermeer", "s": "The Sphinx of Delft: Master of Light and Domestic Interiors"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/vincent-van-gogh/": {"t": "Vincent van Gogh", "s": "The tortured genius who changed art forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/vincent-van-gogh.webp", "c": "Vincent van Gogh · via Wikipedia: Vincent van Gogh · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-lucas/": {"t": "George Lucas", "s": "The visionary behind Star Wars and Indiana Jones, a pioneer of modern blockbusters."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica/": {"t": "St. Peter's Basilica", "s": "The Vatican's Renaissance basilica over the traditional tomb of Saint Peter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Peter's Basilica · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-mark-s-basilica/": {"t": "St Mark's Basilica", "s": "Venetian state sanctuary and cathedral holding relics of Saint Mark.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-mark-s-basilica.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St Mark's Basilica · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/blue-mosque-istanbul/": {"t": "Blue Mosque, Istanbul", "s": "Ottoman imperial mosque known for its blue Iznik tile interior.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/img/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/blue-mosque-istanbul.webp", "c": "Slyronit · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/h-rrem-sultan/": {"t": "Hürrem Sultan", "s": "First haseki sultan and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/dardanelles/": {"t": "Dardanelles", "s": "Narrow strait connecting the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea, forming part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/landslide/": {"t": "Landslide", "s": "Mass wasting events driven by gravity and slope instability."}, "https://codexery.com/festivals-and-celebrations/e/festivals-and-celebrations/eid-al-adha/": {"t": "Eid al-Adha", "s": "Second main Islamic festival commemorating Abraham's sacrifice."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/e/natural-disasters/1755-lisbon-earthquake/": {"t": "1755 Lisbon earthquake", "s": "The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.7 or greater, devastated Lisbon and triggered a tsunami and fires, leading to the birth of modern s", "i": "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/img/natural-disasters/1755-lisbon-earthquake.webp", "c": "Elliott Bledsoe from Brisbane, Australia · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bursa/": {"t": "Bursa", "s": "Historic Ottoman capital and modern industrial hub in northwestern Turkey."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/minaret/": {"t": "Minaret", "s": "Tower for call to prayer and symbol of Islamic presence."}, "https://codexery.com/arab-inventions/e/arab-inventions/madrasa/": {"t": "Madrasa", "s": "An Arabic term for any educational institution, historically a college of Islamic law."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bosporus/": {"t": "Bosporus", "s": "The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and dividing Europe from Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/marathon/": {"t": "Marathon", "s": "A long-distance race rooted in ancient legend and revived for the modern Olympics."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/track-and-field/": {"t": "Track and field", "s": "Ancient sport of running, jumping, and throwing contests."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/vodafone/": {"t": "Vodafone", "s": "British telecom giant with global network reach.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/vodafone.webp", "c": "Pam Brophy · via Wikipedia: Vodafone · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/the-varangian-guard/": {"t": "The Varangian Guard", "s": "Elite foreign bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors.", "i": "https://codexery.com/vikingage/img/the-viking-age/the-varangian-guard.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/genealogy/": {"t": "Genealogy", "s": "Study of families, lineages, and kinship through records and genetics."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/ecumenical-patriarchate-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople", "s": "First among equals in Eastern Orthodox Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/eucharist/": {"t": "Eucharist", "s": "Christian rite of bread and wine instituted by Jesus at the Last Supper.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/eucharist.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/classical-music/": {"t": "Classical music", "s": "Western art music tradition emphasizing formality and polyphony."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/house-of-romanov/": {"t": "House of Romanov", "s": "They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/garry-kasparov/": {"t": "Garry Kasparov", "s": "Chess champion, political activist, and writer who held the world No. 1 ranking for a record 255 months overall."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-alternative-medicine-and-pse/e/pioneers-of-alternative-medicine-and-pseudoscience/anatoly-fomenko/": {"t": "Anatoly Fomenko", "s": "Mathematician, topologist, and originator of the pseudoscientific New Chronology theory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-alternative-medicine-and-pse/img/pioneers-of-alternative-medicine-and-pseudoscience/anatoly-fomenko.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anatoly Fomenko · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/freedom-of-the-press/": {"t": "Freedom of the press", "s": "Principle of minimal government censorship over published expression."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/natural-history-pliny/": {"t": "Natural History (Pliny)", "s": "The ancient encyclopedia that shaped natural history."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/benedictines/": {"t": "Benedictines", "s": "Oldest Latin Church order, following the Rule of Saint Benedict."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-newton/": {"t": "Isaac Newton", "s": "English polymath who formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/poets-of-the-ancient-world/apollonius-of-rhodes/": {"t": "Apollonius of Rhodes", "s": "Ancient Greek poet and librarian, author of the Argonautica."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/the-trojan-war/": {"t": "The Trojan War", "s": "Legendary Greek war against Troy, central to Homeric epics."}, "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/e/roman-mythology/founding-of-rome/": {"t": "Founding of Rome", "s": "Rome's legendary founding by Romulus in 753 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/otto-rank/": {"t": "Otto Rank", "s": "Austrian psychoanalyst who broke with Freud over birth trauma."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/moscow-state-university/": {"t": "Moscow State University", "s": "Russia's oldest university, a center of learning and controversy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/moscow-state-university.webp", "c": "Suicasmo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-scythians/": {"t": "The Scythians", "s": "Ancient Iranic nomads who dominated the Pontic Steppe."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/basil-of-caesarea/": {"t": "Basil of Caesarea", "s": "Early Christian bishop, theologian, and founder of the Basileias hospital.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/basil-of-caesarea.webp", "c": "Anonymous Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/gospel/": {"t": "Gospel", "s": "Episodic narratives of Jesus's words, deeds, death, and resurrection."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-progenitors/e/legendary-progenitors/aeneas/": {"t": "Aeneas", "s": "Trojan hero and legendary progenitor of the Roman people."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/historian/": {"t": "Historian", "s": "Scholar who studies and writes about the past.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/img/historiography-and-methods/historian.webp", "c": "Anasuyas · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/e/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/james-h-billington/": {"t": "James H. Billington", "s": "13th Librarian of Congress who expanded collections and digital access."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cuneiform/": {"t": "Cuneiform", "s": "One of the oldest known writing systems, used for over three millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/cuneiform.webp", "c": "Mason, William Albert, 1855-1923 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/j-r-r-tolkien/": {"t": "J.R.R. Tolkien", "s": "English author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/img/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/j-r-r-tolkien.webp", "c": "James2813 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/basil-ii/": {"t": "Basil II", "s": "The Bulgar Slayer who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its greatest extent in four centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/alexios-i-komnenos/": {"t": "Alexios I Komnenos", "s": "Byzantine emperor who sparked the First Crusade."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-xi-palaiologos/": {"t": "Constantine XI Palaiologos", "s": "Last Byzantine emperor, died defending Constantinople in 1453."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/kurds/": {"t": "Kurds", "s": "An Iranic ethnic group indigenous to Kurdistan, spanning parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/eastern-catholic-churches/": {"t": "Eastern Catholic Churches", "s": "23 autonomous Eastern Christian churches in full communion with Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/festivals-and-celebrations/e/festivals-and-celebrations/epiphany-holiday/": {"t": "Epiphany (holiday)", "s": "Christian feast commemorating the manifestation of Christ to the world."}, "https://codexery.com/festivals-and-celebrations/e/festivals-and-celebrations/good-friday/": {"t": "Good Friday", "s": "Christian holy day commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus."}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/imperatritsa/": {"t": "Imperatritsa", "s": "Russian feminine imperial title, equivalent to empress."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cyril-of-alexandria/": {"t": "Cyril of Alexandria", "s": "Patriarch of Alexandria and Doctor of the Church"}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/pentecost/": {"t": "Pentecost", "s": "Christian feast commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/marble/": {"t": "Marble", "s": "Metamorphic rock prized for sculpture and architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/the-viking-age/": {"t": "The Viking Age", "s": "Norsemen expanded across Europe and reached North America during the Viking Age."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/stockholm/": {"t": "Stockholm", "s": "The capital of Sweden, spanning fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/latin-empire/": {"t": "Latin Empire", "s": "A Crusader state born from the Fourth Crusade, ruling Constantinople from 1204 to 1261."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/empire-of-nicaea/": {"t": "Empire of Nicaea", "s": "Largest Byzantine rump state that recaptured Constantinople in 1261."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/seljuk-sultanate/": {"t": "Seljuk Sultanate", "s": "The Turco-Persian empire of the Oghuz Turks that stretched from Anatolia to the Hindu Kush."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/christendom/": {"t": "Christendom", "s": "The global Christian community and its historical polity."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/duchy-of-the-archipelago/": {"t": "Duchy of the Archipelago", "s": "Venetian maritime state in the Cyclades after the Fourth Crusade."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum/": {"t": "Sultanate of Rum", "s": "Turco-Persian Sunni sultanate in Anatolia, founded after Manzikert.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum.webp", "c": "Swordrist · via Wikipedia: Sultanate of Rum · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/acre-israel/": {"t": "Acre, Israel", "s": "Ancient port city, Crusader bastion, and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato/": {"t": "Plato", "s": "Foundational Western philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen · via Wikipedia: Plato · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/holy-spirit/": {"t": "Holy Spirit", "s": "A divine force or person in Abrahamic religions."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/noun/": {"t": "Noun", "s": "A word denoting an entity, central to grammar across languages."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/athena/": {"t": "Athena", "s": "Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft; patron of Athens."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-philosophy-rhetoric/e/classical-philosophy-and-rhetoric/republic-plato/": {"t": "Republic (Plato)", "s": "Plato's Socratic dialogue on justice and the ideal city-state."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-philosophy/e/nonfiction-and-philosophy/apology-plato/": {"t": "Apology (Plato)", "s": "Plato's account of Socrates' trial defence against impiety and corruption."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/philosophical-movements-and-schools/stoicism/": {"t": "Stoicism", "s": "Ancient Greek philosophy emphasizing virtue and rational living."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-scriptures-and-epistles/e/christian-scriptures-and-epistles/gospel-of-john/": {"t": "Gospel of John", "s": "Fourth gospel emphasizing Jesus as divine Logos and Son of God."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/god-the-father/": {"t": "God the Father", "s": "First Person of the Trinity, Father and creator of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/gnosticism/": {"t": "Gnosticism", "s": "A diverse collection of ancient religious and philosophical systems emphasizing personal spiritual knowledge (gnosis) over institutional authority."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-cosmologies/e/religious-cosmologies/emanationism/": {"t": "Emanationism", "s": "All things flow from a first reality by successive degradation."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-theology/": {"t": "Christian theology", "s": "Systematic study of Christian belief and practice.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/img/christian-theology/christian-theology.webp", "c": "Montignac · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gregory-of-nazianzus/": {"t": "Gregory of Nazianzus", "s": "Cappadocian Father and Trinitarian Theologian"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/irenaeus/": {"t": "Irenaeus", "s": "Second-century Greek bishop, defender of orthodoxy against Gnosticism, and author of Against Heresies."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/russian-orthodox-church/": {"t": "Russian Orthodox Church", "s": "Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church tracing origins to 988.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/russian-orthodox-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Russian Orthodox Church · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/feminist-theology/": {"t": "Feminist theology", "s": "Movement reexamining religions through feminist perspectives."}, "https://codexery.com/textiles-in-folklore/e/textiles-in-folklore/minerva/": {"t": "Minerva", "s": "Roman goddess of wisdom, war, crafts, and the Capitoline Triad."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/cardinal-virtues/": {"t": "Cardinal virtues", "s": "Four classical virtues: prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance."}, "https://codexery.com/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/e/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/paolo-veronese/": {"t": "Paolo Veronese", "s": "Venetian Renaissance painter of vast banquet scenes, ceilings and glowing colour.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/img/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/paolo-veronese.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Paolo Veronese · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/helena-blavatsky/": {"t": "Helena Blavatsky", "s": "Russian and American mystic and writer who co-founded the Theosophical Society."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/e/christian-reformers-and-mystics/rudolf-steiner/": {"t": "Rudolf Steiner", "s": "Austrian founder of anthroposophy and spiritual science."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "Vladimir Lenin", "s": "First head of Soviet Russia and founder of Leninism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin · see source"}}