{"https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/volcanology/e/volcanology/subduction/": {"t": "Subduction", "s": "Subduction recycles lithosphere into the mantle, driving plate tectonics."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/african-plate/": {"t": "African plate", "s": "Major tectonic plate comprising most of Africa and adjacent oceanic crust."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eurasia/": {"t": "Eurasia", "s": "The largest continental area on Earth, spanning Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/stato-da-m-r/e/stato-da-m-r/kingdom-of-candia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Candia", "s": "Venetian overseas territory on Crete from 1205 to 1669."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/acre-israel/": {"t": "Acre, Israel", "s": "Ancient port city, Crusader bastion, and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-great-pyramid-of-giza/": {"t": "The Great Pyramid of Giza", "s": "The oldest and only largely intact Wonder of the Ancient World, the Great Pyramid of Giza stands as the tomb of Pharaoh Khufu, built c. 2600 BC.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/the-great-pyramid-of-giza.webp", "c": "Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea/": {"t": "Adriatic Sea", "s": "Northernmost arm of the Mediterranean, separating Italy from the Balkans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Adriatic Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/peloponnese/": {"t": "Peloponnese", "s": "Southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, cradle of Mycenaean civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tunis/": {"t": "Tunis", "s": "Capital of Tunisia, historic city on the Gulf of Tunis."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/newsreels/e/newsreels/path/": {"t": "Pathé", "s": "French film pioneer and inventor of the newsreel."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls/": {"t": "Niagara Falls", "s": "Thundering waters at the border of Canada and the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niagara Falls · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-1906-san-francisco-earthquake/": {"t": "The 1906 San Francisco earthquake", "s": "The deadliest earthquake in U.S. history, remembered for its devastating fires and lasting impact on California."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/international-date-line/": {"t": "International Date Line", "s": "Boundary between calendar days, roughly along 180° longitude."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/rio-de-janeiro/": {"t": "Rio de Janeiro", "s": "Brazilian city that was capital of a European colonial power."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/autochrome-lumi-re/": {"t": "Autochrome Lumière", "s": "Early colour photography process using dyed starch grains."}, "https://codexery.com/scottish-inventions/e/scottish-inventions/color-photography/": {"t": "Color photography", "s": "Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell proposed the three-color method in 1855."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/henri-bergson/": {"t": "Henri Bergson", "s": "French philosopher of intuition and time, Nobel laureate in literature."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cornwall/": {"t": "Cornwall", "s": "A Celtic nation and ceremonial county in South West England."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/french-indochina/": {"t": "French Indochina", "s": "French-dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/propaganda/": {"t": "Propaganda", "s": "Communication used to influence audiences and further an agenda."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/e/former-french-colonies/french-dahomey/": {"t": "French Dahomey", "s": "French colony in West Africa, independent as Benin in 1960.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-french-colonies/img/former-french-colonies/french-dahomey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Dahomey · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-eiffel-tower/": {"t": "The Eiffel Tower", "s": "Locally nicknamed \"La dame de fer\" (French for \"Iron Lady\") due to its construction from wrought iron, the Eiffel Tower is a lattice tower situated on the Champ"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/angkor-wat/": {"t": "Angkor Wat", "s": "Largest religious complex in the world, Cambodia's national symbol.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/angkor-wat.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Angkor Wat · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-taj-mahal/": {"t": "The Taj Mahal", "s": "The jewel of Islamic art in India and a universally admired masterpiece of the world's heritage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/the-taj-mahal.webp", "c": "Jakub Hałun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "French colonial empire", "s": "Overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandates under French rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire.webp", "c": "M. G. Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/prostitution/": {"t": "Prostitution", "s": "Sex work involving payment for sexual activity, with varied legal statuses worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/e/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/anatole-france/": {"t": "Anatole France", "s": "Ironic and skeptical, the ideal French man of letters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/img/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/anatole-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anatole France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore/": {"t": "Rabindranath Tagore", "s": "The Bard of Bengal", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore.webp", "c": "Georges Chevalier · via Wikipedia: Rabindranath Tagore · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/the-wright-brothers/": {"t": "The Wright brothers", "s": "American aviation pioneers who invented, built, and flew the world's first successful airplane."}, "https://codexery.com/films-based-on-the-wonderful-wizard-of/e/films-based-on-the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/the-wizard-of-oz/": {"t": "The Wizard of Oz", "s": "A 1939 musical fantasy adaptation of Baum's novel."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/suffrage/": {"t": "Suffrage", "s": "The right to vote in public, political elections and referendums."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/elizabeth-cady-stanton/": {"t": "Elizabeth Cady Stanton", "s": "Architect of the women's rights movement and author of the Declaration of Sentiments.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/elizabeth-cady-stanton.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Elizabeth Cady Stanton · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-mandolin/": {"t": "The Mandolin", "s": "A plucked lute-family instrument tuned like a violin."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/associated-press/": {"t": "Associated Press", "s": "A not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/associated-press.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Associated Press · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/judy-garland/": {"t": "Judy Garland", "s": "The voice that defined an era."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/egyptian-hieroglyphs/": {"t": "Egyptian hieroglyphs", "s": "Ancient Egyptian sacred writing system, influential on later scripts through intermediaries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/egyptian-hieroglyphs.webp", "c": "Gtoffoletto · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/ferdinand-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Catholic emperor whose policies intensified the Thirty Years' War."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/metallurgy/": {"t": "Metallurgy", "s": "The science and technology of metals and alloys."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/acid/": {"t": "Acid", "s": "A substance that donates a proton or accepts an electron pair.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/acid.webp", "c": "Heritage Preservation Department - MNHS · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/plutarch/": {"t": "Plutarch", "s": "Greek and Roman philosopher, historian, and priest of Apollo"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/radiography/": {"t": "Radiography", "s": "Imaging the unseen with X-rays and radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/isis/": {"t": "Isis", "s": "Ancient Egyptian goddess of magic, motherhood, and the afterlife"}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/horus/": {"t": "Horus", "s": "Ancient Egyptian falcon god of kingship, sky, and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/thoth/": {"t": "Thoth", "s": "God of the Moon, wisdom, writing, and magic"}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/e/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/cyperus-papyrus/": {"t": "Cyperus papyrus", "s": "Ancient source of papyrus paper and iconic aquatic sedge."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/sekhmet/": {"t": "Sekhmet", "s": "Warrior goddess, Eye of Ra, and bringer of both plague and healing."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-magic/e/history-of-magic/liphas-l-vi/": {"t": "Éliphas Lévi", "s": "French occultist who codified modern ceremonial magic."}, "https://codexery.com/atlantis-proponents/e/atlantis-proponents/manly-p-hall/": {"t": "Manly P. Hall", "s": "Canadian mystic and author of The Secret Teachings of All Ages."}, "https://codexery.com/thoth/e/thoth/book-of-thoth/": {"t": "Book of Thoth", "s": "Ancient Egyptian texts attributed to the god of writing."}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/tarot/": {"t": "Tarot", "s": "Playing cards used for games and divination since the 15th century."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato/": {"t": "Plato", "s": "Foundational Western philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen · via Wikipedia: Plato · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aleister-crowley/": {"t": "Aleister Crowley", "s": "Founder of Thelema and prophet of the Æon of Horus"}, "https://codexery.com/thelema/e/thelema/thelema/": {"t": "Thelema", "s": "A Western esoteric philosophy centered on discovering one's True Will."}, "https://codexery.com/individual-angels/e/individual-angels/aiwass/": {"t": "Aiwass", "s": "Voice that dictated The Book of the Law to Aleister Crowley."}, "https://codexery.com/classes-of-angels/e/classes-of-angels/guardian-angel/": {"t": "Guardian angel", "s": "A celestial being assigned to protect and guide a person or group."}, "https://codexery.com/thelema/e/thelema/aeon-of-horus/": {"t": "Aeon of Horus", "s": "The current Thelemic age of True Will and spiritual liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/new-religious-movement-deities/e/new-religious-movement-deities/nuit/": {"t": "Nuit", "s": "Goddess of infinite space and stars in Thelema."}, "https://codexery.com/new-religious-movement-deities/e/new-religious-movement-deities/hadit/": {"t": "Hadit", "s": "The point in the center of the circle, the flame in every heart."}, "https://codexery.com/new-religious-movement-deities/e/new-religious-movement-deities/heru-ra-ha/": {"t": "Heru-ra-ha", "s": "Composite Thelemic deity merging Horus the Child and Ra-Horakhty."}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-dementia/e/people-with-dementia/rose-edith-kelly/": {"t": "Rose Edith Kelly", "s": "Wife of Aleister Crowley and aide in the Cairo Working."}, "https://codexery.com/thelema/e/thelema/abrahadabra/": {"t": "Abrahadabra", "s": "A Thelemic word of power symbolizing the Great Work."}, "https://codexery.com/ceremonial-magic/e/ceremonial-magic/bornless-ritual/": {"t": "Bornless Ritual", "s": "Ancient Graeco-Egyptian invocation adapted for modern angelic contact."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/automatic-writing/": {"t": "Automatic writing", "s": "A claimed psychic ability to write without conscious control."}, "https://codexery.com/magical-organizations/e/magical-organizations/a-a/": {"t": "A∴A∴", "s": "A graded initiatory order for scientific illuminism."}, "https://codexery.com/books-about-magic/e/books-about-magic/the-equinox/": {"t": "The Equinox", "s": "Official organ of the A∴A∴, founded by Aleister Crowley."}, "https://codexery.com/thelema/e/thelema/ordo-templi-orientis/": {"t": "Ordo Templi Orientis", "s": "Occult secret society and hermetic magical organization."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/khonsu/": {"t": "Khonsu", "s": "The Traveller: Moon God, Healer, and Primordial Serpent"}, "https://codexery.com/ceremonial-magic/e/ceremonial-magic/hermetic-qabalah/": {"t": "Hermetic Qabalah", "s": "Syncretic Western esoteric system rooted in Kabbalah and Renaissance magic."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/friedrich-nietzsche/": {"t": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "s": "German philosopher and philologist known for his critiques of religion, morality, and truth."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptology/e/egyptology/egyptology/": {"t": "Egyptology", "s": "Scientific study of ancient Egypt from the 5th millennium BC."}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/howard-vyse/": {"t": "Howard Vyse", "s": "British soldier and Egyptologist who blasted open chambers in the Great Pyramid.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-pyramid-of-giza/img/great-pyramid-of-giza/howard-vyse.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Howard Vyse · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/genoa/": {"t": "Genoa", "s": "Capital of Liguria and historic maritime republic on the Gulf of Genoa."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/the-great-sphinx/": {"t": "The Great Sphinx", "s": "The oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt, the Great Sphinx of Giza remains an enduring mystery of ancient craftsmanship."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-genoa/": {"t": "Republic of Genoa", "s": "A medieval maritime republic and major European financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/marcus-aurelius/": {"t": "Marcus Aurelius", "s": "Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, last of the Five Good Emperors."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/memphis-egypt/": {"t": "Memphis, Egypt", "s": "Ancient capital of Egypt, home to the Temple of Ptah and gateway to the pyramids."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/mycenae/": {"t": "Mycenae", "s": "Major centre of Mycenaean civilization in the second millennium BC."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/pantheon-rome/": {"t": "Pantheon, Rome", "s": "Ancient Roman temple, now a Catholic church, with the largest unreinforced concrete dome."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/sculpture/e/sculpture/frieze/": {"t": "Frieze", "s": "Central entablature section, often decorated with bas-reliefs."}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/charles-piazzi-smyth/": {"t": "Charles Piazzi Smyth", "s": "Astronomer Royal for Scotland and pyramidologist of the Great Pyramid.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-pyramid-of-giza/img/great-pyramid-of-giza/charles-piazzi-smyth.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Charles Piazzi Smyth · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egyptian-obelisks/e/ancient-egyptian-obelisks/cleopatra-s-needle-london/": {"t": "Cleopatra's Needle, London", "s": "Ancient Egyptian obelisk on the Victoria Embankment in London."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/pharaoh/": {"t": "Pharaoh", "s": "Monarch of ancient Egypt, intermediary between gods and people."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/river-thames/": {"t": "River Thames", "s": "Longest river entirely in England, flowing through London."}, "https://codexery.com/folklore-characters/e/folklore-characters/djedi/": {"t": "Djedi", "s": "Ancient Egyptian magician who resurrected decapitated beings for pharaoh Khufu."}, "https://codexery.com/pharaohs-of-egypt/e/pharaohs-of-egypt/khufu/": {"t": "Khufu", "s": "Second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, builder of the Great Pyramid."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/pierre-auguste-renoir/": {"t": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "s": "Leading French Impressionist known for vibrant light and feminine beauty.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/pierre-auguste-renoir.webp", "c": "UnknownUnknown  Musée d'Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Patrice Schmidt · via Wikipedia: Pierre-Auguste Renoir · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rites-of-passage/e/rites-of-passage/bar-and-bat-mitzvah/": {"t": "Bar and bat mitzvah", "s": "Jewish coming-of-age ritual marking adult responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-telepictures/e/television-series-by-telepictures/judge-mathis/": {"t": "Judge Mathis", "s": "A court show that combined legal rulings with social commentary."}, "https://codexery.com/uav-manufacturers/e/uav-manufacturers/elbit-systems/": {"t": "Elbit Systems", "s": "Israel-based defense contractor and primary UAV supplier to the IDF."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/satire/": {"t": "Satire", "s": "A genre using ridicule to expose societal flaws."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, 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"https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/english-civil-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: English Civil War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-i-of-england/": {"t": "Charles I of England", "s": "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland executed after civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/hampshire/": {"t": "Hampshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South East England, historically known as the County of Southampton until its renaming to Hampshire in 1959."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/archbishop-of-canterbury/": {"t": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "s": "Senior bishop and primate of the Church of England, spiritual leader of the Anglican Communion."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/leiden-university/": {"t": "Leiden University", "s": "Oldest surviving university in the Netherlands, founded 1575."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-pioneers/e/medical-pioneers/william-harvey/": {"t": "William Harvey", "s": "English physician who first fully described blood circulation."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-urban-viii/": {"t": "Pope Urban VIII", "s": "Pope who expanded papal territory, opposed Copernicanism, and left a legacy of debt."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/unit-of-measurement/": {"t": "Unit of measurement", "s": "Standardized quantities enabling consistent measurement across time and place."}, "https://codexery.com/metrology/e/metrology/metrology/": {"t": "Metrology", "s": "The science of measurement, from ancient cubits to quantum standards."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/ptolemy/": {"t": "Ptolemy", "s": "Greco-Roman scholar who authored the Almagest and Geography."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/mount-athos/": {"t": "Mount Athos", "s": "Eastern Orthodox monastic center on a Greek peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-great-fire-of-london/": {"t": "The Great Fire of London", "s": "The Great Fire of London consumed the medieval heart of the capital, burning from Sunday 2 September to Wednesday 5 September 1666."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/quadrant-instrument/": {"t": "Quadrant (instrument)", "s": "An angle-measuring instrument derived from the astrolabe."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/man-in-the-iron-mask/e/man-in-the-iron-mask/richard-cromwell/": {"t": "Richard Cromwell", "s": "Brief Lord Protector who renounced power after nine months.", "i": "https://codexery.com/man-in-the-iron-mask/img/man-in-the-iron-mask/richard-cromwell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Cromwell · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-of-ancient-egypt/e/dynasties-of-ancient-egypt/fourth-dynasty-of-egypt/": {"t": "Fourth Dynasty of Egypt", "s": "Golden age of pyramid building and centralized rule."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egypt/e/ancient-egypt/giza-west-field/": {"t": "Giza West Field", "s": "A burial field west of the Great Pyramid of Giza."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-of-ancient-egypt/e/dynasties-of-ancient-egypt/third-dynasty-of-egypt/": {"t": "Third Dynasty of Egypt", "s": "First dynasty of the Old Kingdom, known for Djoser 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"https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/maya-civilization/": {"t": "Maya civilization", "s": "Ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its temples, glyphs, and advanced mathematics."}, "https://codexery.com/fantasy-adventure-television-series/e/fantasy-adventure-television-series/the-librarians-2014-tv-series/": {"t": "The Librarians (2014 TV series)", "s": "A team of Librarians protects the world from hidden magic."}, "https://codexery.com/fantasy-adventure-television-series/e/fantasy-adventure-television-series/the-librarians-the-next-chapter/": {"t": "The Librarians: The Next Chapter", "s": "A direct spin-off of the Librarian film series."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/empress-elisabeth-of-austria/": {"t": "Empress Elisabeth of Austria", "s": "Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary, assassinated in 1898.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/empress-elisabeth-of-austria.webp", "c": "Hubertl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/leopold-iii-of-belgium/": {"t": "Leopold III of Belgium", "s": "King of the Belgians whose wartime surrender sparked a constitutional crisis."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-bavaria/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bavaria", "s": "A German kingdom ruled by the Wittelsbachs from 1806 to 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps/": {"t": "Alps", "s": "Major European mountain range spanning eight countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/img/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps.webp", "c": "Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite · via Wikipedia: Alps · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/relocated-monuments-of-lower-nubia/e/relocated-monuments-of-lower-nubia/temple-of-dendur/": {"t": "Temple of Dendur", "s": "Roman Egyptian temple relocated from Nubia to the Metropolitan Museum of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/monarchs-and-nobility/ludwig-ii-of-bavaria/": {"t": "Ludwig II of Bavaria", "s": "Bavarian king known for fairy-tale castles and disputed death."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/richard-wagner/": {"t": "Richard Wagner", "s": "German composer who revolutionized opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/richard-wagner.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Wagner · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/diabetes/": {"t": "Diabetes", "s": "A group of endocrine diseases marked by high blood sugar."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "Rudyard Kipling", "s": "English writer, Nobel laureate — best known for tales of empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Literary nonsense · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/yorkshire/": {"t": "Yorkshire", "s": "God's own country"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/barrister/": {"t": "Barrister", "s": "A specialist advocate in common law court systems."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/devon/": {"t": "Devon", "s": "Ceremonial county in South West England with two coastlines."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/surrey/": {"t": "Surrey", "s": "A historic county in South East England with dense woodland."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/lincolnshire/": {"t": "Lincolnshire", "s": "A rural English county with a quiet history and varied landscapes."}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-products-with-protected/e/portuguese-products-with-protected-designation-of-origin/port-wine/": {"t": "Port wine", "s": "Portuguese fortified wine from the Douro Valley."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war/": {"t": "Second Boer War", "s": "A colonial war over gold and British dominance in Southern Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/daily-mail/": {"t": "Daily Mail", "s": "A British conservative tabloid founded in 1896."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/mysticism/": {"t": "Mysticism", "s": "Mysticism involves personal transformation through religious practices and experiences."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/imperialism/": {"t": "Imperialism", "s": "Imperialism is the extension of power over foreign nations through hard and soft power."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/indian-independence-movement/": {"t": "Indian independence movement", "s": "Political efforts to end British colonial rule in India."}, "https://codexery.com/paranormal/e/paranormal/paranormal/": {"t": "Paranormal", "s": "Phenomena described as beyond normal scientific understanding."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/parapsychology/": {"t": "Parapsychology", "s": "Study of alleged psychic phenomena, criticized as pseudoscience."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/linkedin/": {"t": "LinkedIn", "s": "Professional networking platform connecting over 1 billion members globally."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/barcelona/": {"t": "Barcelona", "s": "Capital of Catalonia, Mediterranean metropolis, and global cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/nordic-countries/": {"t": "Nordic countries", "s": "A region of Northern Europe with deep historical and cultural ties."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/buenos-aires/": {"t": "Buenos Aires", "s": "The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: a multicultural capital with eclectic European architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/tokyo/": {"t": "Tokyo", "s": "The capital of Japan, a global hub of economy, culture, and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/prussian-blue/": {"t": "Prussian blue", "s": "First modern synthetic pigment, used in art, medicine, and uniforms."}, "https://codexery.com/mtv-original-programming/e/mtv-original-programming/dude-this-sucks/": {"t": "Dude, This Sucks", "s": "An MTV original reality program.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mtv-original-programming/img/mtv-original-programming/dude-this-sucks.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: MTV · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-scotland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-scotland/old-and-new-towns-of-edinburgh/": {"t": "Old and New Towns of Edinburgh", "s": "Medieval Old Town and Georgian New Town, a UNESCO site."}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/john-greaves/": {"t": "John Greaves", "s": "English mathematician, astronomer and antiquarian who surveyed the Great Pyramid.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-pyramid-of-giza/img/great-pyramid-of-giza/john-greaves.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Greaves · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/paranormal-terminology/e/paranormal-terminology/pyramidology/": {"t": "Pyramidology", "s": "Pseudoscientific and religious speculations about pyramids and their meanings."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/inch/": {"t": "Inch", "s": "A unit of length in Imperial and US customary systems."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-newton/": {"t": "Isaac Newton", "s": "English polymath who formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/metric-system/": {"t": "Metric system", "s": "A decimal-based system of measurement standardising base units and prefixes."}, "https://codexery.com/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/e/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/flinders-petrie/": {"t": "Flinders Petrie", "s": "English Egyptologist who pioneered systematic archaeology and artefact preservation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/img/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/flinders-petrie.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Flinders Petrie · Public domain"}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/jessica-duncan-piazzi-smyth/": {"t": "Jessica Duncan Piazzi Smyth", "s": "Geologist and surveyor of the Great Pyramid of Giza."}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/pyramid-inch/": {"t": "Pyramid inch", "s": "A discredited ancient unit linked to pyramid measurements."}, "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/e/marriage-and-kinship/godparent/": {"t": "Godparent", "s": "Christian sponsor for a child's baptism and spiritual guidance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/img/marriage-and-kinship/godparent.webp", "c": "U. A. Saarinen · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "Cape of Good Hope", "s": "Rocky headland on the Cape Peninsula, key to the Cape Route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/halley-s-comet/": {"t": "Halley's Comet", "s": "First comet recognized as periodic, observed for over two millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/halley-s-comet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Halley's Comet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/great-comet-of-1843/": {"t": "Great Comet of 1843", "s": "A Kreutz sungrazer that passed extremely close to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/c-lum-australe-stelliferum/": {"t": "Cœlum Australe Stelliferum", "s": "French astronomer who catalogued southern stars and named 14 constellations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/c-lum-australe-stelliferum.webp", "c": "Nicolas Louis de Lacaille . · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/edinburgh-castle/": {"t": "Edinburgh Castle", "s": "Historic castle on Castle Rock, site of 26 recorded sieges.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castles/img/castles/edinburgh-castle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edinburgh Castle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/opticks/": {"t": "Opticks", "s": "Newton's experimental study of light, color, and diffraction."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/collodion-process/": {"t": "Collodion process", "s": "A wet-plate photographic process producing sharp, reproducible negatives on glass."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/zodiacal-light/": {"t": "Zodiacal light", "s": "A faint glow of sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/weather-forecasting/": {"t": "Weather forecasting", "s": "Predicting the atmosphere: from ancient lore to modern science."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/lisbon/": {"t": "Lisbon", "s": "Capital of Portugal, second-oldest European capital, and a global city on the Tagus River."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/spectroscopy/": {"t": "Spectroscopy", "s": "Spectroscopy measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra interacting with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/metrology/e/metrology/english-units-of-measurement/": {"t": "English units of measurement", "s": "English units preceded Imperial and US customary systems."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/prophecy/": {"t": "Prophecy", "s": "A message from a supernatural entity to a prophet."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/magnesium/": {"t": "Magnesium", "s": "Lightweight metal essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-of-new-religious-movements/e/founders-of-new-religious-movements/charles-taze-russell/": {"t": "Charles Taze Russell", "s": "Founder of the Bible Student movement and early Christian Zionist."}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/studies-in-the-scriptures/": {"t": "Studies in the Scriptures", "s": "Bible study series central to early Jehovah's Witnesses."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/jehovah-s-witnesses/": {"t": "Jehovah's Witnesses", "s": "A nontrinitarian, millenarian Christian denomination known for evangelism, refusal of military service and blood transfusions, and shunning of former members."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-cross/": {"t": "Christian cross", "s": "Symbol of Christianity, representing the crucifixion of Jesus."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/parables-of-jesus/e/parables-of-jesus/parable-of-the-tares/": {"t": "Parable of the Tares", "s": "A parable of wheat and weeds awaiting final separation."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-ezekiel/": {"t": "Book of Ezekiel", "s": "Prophetic book of visions, judgment, and restoration."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-revelation/": {"t": "Book of Revelation", "s": "The last book of the New Testament, an apocalyptic prophecy."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-of-new-religious-movements/e/founders-of-new-religious-movements/joseph-franklin-rutherford/": {"t": "Joseph Franklin Rutherford", "s": "Second president of the Watch Tower Society and key organizer of Jehovah's Witnesses."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hadrian/": {"t": "Hadrian", "s": "Roman emperor from 117 to 138, builder of Hadrian's Wall and a promoter of philhellenism."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-roman-government/e/ancient-roman-government/cursus-honorum/": {"t": "Cursus honorum", "s": "The sequential order of Roman political offices for senatorial rank."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/horace/": {"t": "Horace", "s": "Leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/catullus/": {"t": "Catullus", "s": "Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic"}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/djedi-project/": {"t": "Djedi Project", "s": "Robotic exploration of the Great Pyramid's hidden shafts."}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/giovanni-battista-caviglia/": {"t": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia", "s": "Italian explorer who uncovered the Great Sphinx at Giza.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-pyramid-of-giza/img/great-pyramid-of-giza/giovanni-battista-caviglia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Giovanni Battista Caviglia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/buckinghamshire/": {"t": "Buckinghamshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South East England, home to the Chiltern Hills and the city of Milton Keynes."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/northamptonshire/": {"t": "Northamptonshire", "s": "The county of spires and squires"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cheshire/": {"t": "Cheshire", "s": "Ceremonial county in North West England with diverse economy."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/herodotus/": {"t": "Herodotus", "s": "The Father of History"}, "/e/great-pyramid-of-giza/sister-m-t-martin/": {"t": "Sister M. T. Martin", "s": "Australian nurse who left graffiti in the Great Pyramid."}}