[{"n": "9×19mm Parabellum", "u": "/e/german-inventions/9-19mm-parabellum/", "s": "The most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge worldwide."}, {"n": "Abbe refractometer", "u": "/e/german-inventions/abbe-refractometer/", "s": "Bench-top device for high-precision refractive index measurement."}, {"n": "Accordion", "u": "/e/german-inventions/accordion/", "s": "A bellows-driven free-reed instrument with melody and accompaniment sections."}, {"n": "Acoustic torpedo", "u": "/e/german-inventions/acoustic-torpedo/", "s": "An acoustic torpedo aims itself by listening for characteristic sounds of its target or by searching for it us"}, {"n": "Advent calendar", "u": "/e/german-inventions/advent-calendar/", "s": "A calendar counting Advent days toward Christmas."}, {"n": "Aggregat", "u": "/e/german-inventions/aggregat/", "s": "The pioneering rocket series that led to the V2."}, {"n": "Selective laser melting", "u": "/e/german-inventions/selective-laser-melting/", "s": "A metal additive manufacturing technology that uses a high-power laser to fully melt metallic powders into den"}, {"n": "Amobarbital", "u": "/e/german-inventions/amobarbital/", "s": "A barbiturate derivative first synthesized in Germany in 1923, used for sedation and anxiety."}, {"n": "Amphetamine", "u": "/e/german-inventions/amphetamine/", "s": "CNS stimulant used for ADHD, narcolepsy, and binge eating disorder."}, {"n": "Angle grinder", "u": "/e/german-inventions/angle-grinder/", "s": "Handheld power tool for grinding, cutting, and polishing."}, {"n": "Aniline", "u": "/e/german-inventions/aniline/", "s": "Simplest aromatic amine, key industrial chemical and dye precursor."}, {"n": "Anode ray", "u": "/e/german-inventions/anode-ray/", "s": "Beams of positive ions observed in gas-discharge tubes."}, {"n": "Aqua scooter", "u": "/e/german-inventions/aqua-scooter/", "s": "East German engineer's underwater scooter enabled Baltic escape."}, {"n": "Arricam", "u": "/e/german-inventions/arricam/", "s": "Arri's flagship sync-sound camera line, replacing the Arriflex 535."}, {"n": "Arsphenamine", "u": "/e/german-inventions/arsphenamine/", "s": "First effective treatment for syphilis and first modern antimicrobial."}, {"n": "Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem", "u": "/e/german-inventions/autofahrer-rundfunk-informationssystem/", "s": "German FM traffic information system using 57 kHz subcarrier, 1974–2005."}, {"n": "Bandoneon", "u": "/e/german-inventions/bandoneon/", "s": "A concertina central to Argentine and Uruguayan tango."}, {"n": "Barbiturate", "u": "/e/german-inventions/barbiturate/", "s": "Depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid, used medically and recreationally."}, {"n": "Barkhausen–Kurz tube", "u": "/e/german-inventions/barkhausen-kurz-tube/", "s": "First vacuum tube oscillator to reach UHF frequencies."}, {"n": "Benz Patent-Motorwagen", "u": "/e/german-inventions/benz-patent-motorwagen/", "s": "First practical automobile and first production car."}, {"n": "Benz Velo", "u": "/e/german-inventions/benz-velo/", "s": "The world's first standardized serial production car."}, {"n": "Bergius process", "u": "/e/german-inventions/bergius-process/", "s": "Coal hydrogenation process for synthetic fuel production."}, {"n": "Bosch–Meiser process", "u": "/e/german-inventions/bosch-meiser-process/", "s": "Industrial process for large-scale urea manufacturing."}, {"n": "Buchholz relay", "u": "/e/german-inventions/buchholz-relay/", "s": "Gas detector relay for oil-filled transformer protection."}, {"n": "Büchner funnel", "u": "/e/german-inventions/b-chner-funnel/", "s": "Laboratory filtration device using vacuum suction for rapid separation."}, {"n": "Bunsen burner", "u": "/e/german-inventions/bunsen-burner/", "s": "A laboratory gas burner producing a single open flame for heating, sterilization, and combustion."}, {"n": "Carabiner", "u": "/e/german-inventions/carabiner/", "s": "A metal loop with a spring-loaded gate for quick connections."}, {"n": "Carburetor", "u": "/e/german-inventions/carburetor/", "s": "Device that mixes air and fuel for gasoline engines."}, {"n": "Ceiling fan", "u": "/e/german-inventions/ceiling-fan/", "s": "Ceiling fans circulate air for cooling or heating without changing temperature."}, {"n": "Chinese checkers", "u": "/e/german-inventions/chinese-checkers/", "s": "Race your pieces across the star-shaped board in this classic German strategy game."}, {"n": "Claus process", "u": "/e/german-inventions/claus-process/", "s": "The Claus process is a desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur from gaseous mixtures containing hyd"}]