{"/e/geometry-and-shapes/square/": {"t": "Square", "s": "A regular quadrilateral with equal sides and right angles."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/polygon/": {"t": "Polygon", "s": "A plane figure of connected line segments forming a closed chain."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/graphics/": {"t": "Graphics", "s": "Visual images and designs on surfaces to inform, illustrate, or entertain."}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/figure-of-the-earth/": {"t": "Figure of the Earth", "s": "Models of Earth's size and shape for geodesy."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/two-dimensional-space/": {"t": "Two-dimensional space", "s": "A mathematical space with two degrees of freedom."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/polyhedron/": {"t": "Polyhedron", "s": "Three-dimensional figures with flat faces, straight edges, and vertices."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/tetrahedron/": {"t": "Tetrahedron", "s": "A polyhedron with four triangular faces and four vertices."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/sphere/": {"t": "Sphere", "s": "A sphere is a set of points equidistant from a center in 3D space."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/differential-geometry/": {"t": "Differential geometry", "s": "Study of smooth shapes and spaces using calculus and algebra."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/fractal/": {"t": "Fractal", "s": "Geometric shapes with self-similarity and non-integer fractal dimension."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/rotation/": {"t": "Rotation", "s": "Rotational motion leaves at least one point unchanged."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/congruence-geometry/": {"t": "Congruence (geometry)", "s": "Two figures are congruent if they have identical shape and size."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/pixel/": {"t": "Pixel", "s": "Smallest addressable element of a raster image."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/floor-plan/": {"t": "Floor plan", "s": "A scaled orthographic drawing of interior spatial relationships at one level."}, "https://codexery.com/origami/e/origami/origami-paper/": {"t": "Origami paper", "s": "Paper designed to hold creases for Japanese paper folding."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/graphic-design/": {"t": "Graphic design", "s": "Graphic design encodes messages through visual communication."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/plane-geometry/": {"t": "Plane (geometry)", "s": "Two-dimensional Euclidean space with distance and angle."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/similarity-geometry/": {"t": "Similarity (geometry)", "s": "Two objects are similar if they have the same shape."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/affine-transformation/": {"t": "Affine transformation", "s": "A transformation preserving lines and parallelism in affine spaces."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/jpeg/": {"t": "JPEG", "s": "Joint Photographic Experts Group created the dominant image compression standard in 1992."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/space-mathematics/": {"t": "Space (mathematics)", "s": "A set with structure defining relationships among its elements."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/euclidean-geometry/": {"t": "Euclidean geometry", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician who systematized geometry in Elements."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/great-circle/": {"t": "Great circle", "s": "The largest circle on a sphere, analogous to a straight line."}, "https://codexery.com/algebra/e/algebra/quadratic-equation/": {"t": "Quadratic equation", "s": "A second-degree polynomial equation with at most two solutions."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-spacetime/e/relativity-and-spacetime/twin-paradox/": {"t": "Twin paradox", "s": "A thought experiment on relativistic time dilation and aging."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/shape/": {"t": "Shape", "s": "Geometric information remaining after removing location, scale, orientation, and reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/cement/": {"t": "Cement", "s": "Binder that sets, hardens, and binds other materials together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/cement.webp", "c": "Nnnjens · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/ceramic/": {"t": "Ceramic", "s": "Hard, brittle, heat-resistant materials made from fired inorganic substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/ceramic.webp", "c": "Goterrestrial · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-alhambra/": {"t": "The Alhambra", "s": "Palace and fortress complex in Granada, Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/m-c-escher/": {"t": "M. C. Escher", "s": "Dutch graphic artist known for mathematically inspired woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/m-c-escher.webp", "c": "Hans Peters for Anefo · via Wikipedia: M. C. Escher · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler/": {"t": "Johannes Kepler", "s": "German polymath and father of modern astronomy", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johannes Kepler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/rock-geology/": {"t": "Rock (geology)", "s": "Naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/rock-geology.webp", "c": "Adrian Diack · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sets-and-logic/e/sets-and-logic/empty-set/": {"t": "Empty set", "s": "The unique set containing no elements."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/symmetry-geometry/": {"t": "Symmetry (geometry)", "s": "Symmetry is invariance under geometric transformations."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/volume/": {"t": "Volume", "s": "Volume quantifies three-dimensional space and container capacity."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/tangent/": {"t": "Tangent", "s": "The line that just touches a curve at a point."}, "https://codexery.com/scottish-inventions/e/scottish-inventions/kaleidoscope/": {"t": "Kaleidoscope", "s": "Scottish invention creating symmetrical patterns through multiple reflections."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/three-dimensional-space/": {"t": "Three-dimensional space", "s": "Three coordinates define a point in space."}, "https://codexery.com/algebra/e/algebra/norm-mathematics/": {"t": "Norm (mathematics)", "s": "A function measuring vector length in a normed space."}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/piero-della-francesca/": {"t": "Piero della Francesca", "s": "Italian painter, mathematician and geometer of the Early Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/gaspard-monge/": {"t": "Gaspard Monge", "s": "French mathematician who invented descriptive geometry and co-founded École Polytechnique.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/gaspard-monge.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gaspard Monge · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-board-games/e/history-of-board-games/royal-game-of-ur/": {"t": "Royal Game of Ur", "s": "An ancient race game of strategy and luck from Mesopotamia."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/rubik-s-cube/": {"t": "Rubik's Cube", "s": "3D combination puzzle invented in 1974 by Ernő Rubik.", "i": "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/img/games-and-recreation/rubik-s-cube.webp", "c": "Mike Gonzalez (TheCoffee) · via Wikipedia: Rubik's Cube · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/rotation-mathematics/": {"t": "Rotation (mathematics)", "s": "A geometric motion preserving at least one point."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/surface-topology/": {"t": "Surface (topology)", "s": "A surface is a two-dimensional topological manifold."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/eudoxus-of-cnidus/": {"t": "Eudoxus of Cnidus", "s": "Ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who pioneered concentric spheres."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/analytic-geometry/": {"t": "Analytic geometry", "s": "Study of geometry using a coordinate system."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/3d-computer-graphics/": {"t": "3D computer graphics", "s": "3D computer graphics use geometric data to render digital images."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/solid-geometry/": {"t": "Solid geometry", "s": "Geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space and solid figures."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/surface-area/": {"t": "Surface area", "s": "Measure of total area of a solid object's surface."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/spherical-earth/": {"t": "Spherical Earth", "s": "Earth is approximately spherical, confirmed by ancient and modern science."}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geography/": {"t": "Geography", "s": "Geography is the study of Earth's lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/rolling/": {"t": "Rolling", "s": "Rolling combines rotation and translation with minimal sliding."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/coordinate-system/": {"t": "Coordinate system", "s": "A system using numbers to determine positions in space."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/longitude/": {"t": "Longitude", "s": "The east-west coordinate that, with latitude, pinpoints any location on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/longitude.webp", "c": "Original:  Pearson Scott Forman Vector:  Gregors · via Wikipedia: Longitude · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/meridian-geography/": {"t": "Meridian (geography)", "s": "A line of longitude connecting points of equal longitude."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/circle-of-latitude/": {"t": "Circle of latitude", "s": "Parallel circles defining latitude on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/archimedes/": {"t": "Archimedes", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor of Syracuse."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/geographic-coordinate-system/": {"t": "Geographic coordinate system", "s": "A spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring positions on Earth as latitude and longitude."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-organization-for-standardization/": {"t": "International Organization for Standardization", "s": "Independent developer of global technical and nontechnical standards."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/north/": {"t": "North", "s": "One of the four cardinal directions, opposite south."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/prime-meridian/": {"t": "Prime meridian", "s": "The prime meridian is the line of 0° longitude, arbitrarily chosen for Earth as the IERS Reference Meridian."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/azimuth/": {"t": "Azimuth", "s": "Horizontal angle from north used in navigation and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/omniscient-readers-viewpoint/e/world/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "Kim Dokja's world, divided into scenario domes."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/altitude/": {"t": "Altitude", "s": "Vertical distance measurement with context-dependent definitions and critical aviation applications.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/altitude.webp", "c": "CVersteeg · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/world-geodetic-system/": {"t": "World Geodetic System", "s": "Standard for Earth-centered coordinates, geodesy, and satellite navigation."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/parallel-geometry/": {"t": "Parallel (geometry)", "s": "Parallel lines are coplanar lines that never meet."}, "https://codexery.com/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/e/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/laminar-flow/": {"t": "Laminar flow", "s": "Smooth, layered fluid motion without mixing or eddies."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/hyperplane/": {"t": "Hyperplane", "s": "A flat subspace of codimension 1 in any dimension."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/computer-graphics/": {"t": "Computer graphics", "s": "Computer graphics generates and manipulates images using computers."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/typography/": {"t": "Typography", "s": "The art and technique of arranging type for legibility, readability, and beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/force/": {"t": "Force", "s": "A vector action causing change in motion, shape, or pressure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/force.webp", "c": "SpaceX · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/george-david-birkhoff/": {"t": "George David Birkhoff", "s": "American mathematician known for the ergodic theorem.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/george-david-birkhoff.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: George David Birkhoff · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/e/combinatorics/bijection/": {"t": "Bijection", "s": "A function pairing each element of two sets exactly once.", "i": "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/img/combinatorics/bijection.webp", "c": "Schapel · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/algebra/e/algebra/normal-subgroup/": {"t": "Normal subgroup", "s": "Subgroup invariant under conjugation by group elements."}, "https://codexery.com/topology-and-abstract-spaces/e/topology-and-abstract-spaces/topology/": {"t": "Topology", "s": "Study of properties preserved under continuous deformations."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/metric-space/": {"t": "Metric space", "s": "A set with a distance function between its points."}, "https://codexery.com/set-theory-logic/e/set-theory-and-logic/recursion/": {"t": "Recursion", "s": "A process defined by reference to a simpler version of itself."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematics-and-cryptography/e/mathematics-and-cryptography/wac-aw-sierpi-ski/": {"t": "Wacław Sierpiński", "s": "Mathematician mentioned in the Mathemalchemy installation."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/compact-space/": {"t": "Compact space", "s": "Compactness makes a space behave like a finite set."}, "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/e/combinatorics/pascal-s-triangle/": {"t": "Pascal's triangle", "s": "Triangular array of binomial coefficients used in combinatorics and algebra."}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/tower-of-hanoi/": {"t": "Tower of Hanoi", "s": "A mathematical puzzle of disks and rods."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/barycentric-coordinate-system/": {"t": "Barycentric coordinate system", "s": "Coordinates specifying a point relative to a simplex's vertices."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/apollonius-of-perga/": {"t": "Apollonius of Perga", "s": "Ancient Greek geometer who defined conic sections."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz/": {"t": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz", "s": "German polymath and co-creator of calculus"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/benoit-mandelbrot/": {"t": "Benoit Mandelbrot", "s": "The father of fractals who found order in roughness"}, "https://codexery.com/nippon-columbia-artists/e/nippon-columbia-artists/field-of-view/": {"t": "Field of View", "s": "Japanese pop rock band formed in 1994."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/international-system-of-units/": {"t": "International System of Units", "s": "The modern metric system used worldwide for measurement."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/unit-circle/": {"t": "Unit circle", "s": "A circle of radius 1, central to trigonometry and complex analysis."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/spherical-coordinate-system/": {"t": "Spherical coordinate system", "s": "A system using distance and two angles to locate points in space."}, "https://codexery.com/sets-and-logic/e/sets-and-logic/set-mathematics/": {"t": "Set (mathematics)", "s": "A set is a collection of different things, typically mathematical objects."}, "https://codexery.com/sets-and-logic/e/sets-and-logic/universe-mathematics/": {"t": "Universe (mathematics)", "s": "A universe is a collection that contains all entities one wishes to consider in a given situation."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/topological-space/": {"t": "Topological space", "s": "A set with a structure defining closeness without distance."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-space/": {"t": "Probability space", "s": "Mathematical model of random processes and experiments."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/euclid/": {"t": "Euclid", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, author of the Elements."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ren-descartes/": {"t": "René Descartes", "s": "Father of modern philosophy and analytic geometry"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/nikolai-lobachevsky/": {"t": "Nikolai Lobachevsky", "s": "The Copernicus of Geometry who pioneered hyperbolic geometry."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-friedrich-gauss/": {"t": "Carl Friedrich Gauss", "s": "German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/felix-klein/": {"t": "Felix Klein", "s": "German mathematician known for the Erlangen program and the Klein bottle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/felix-klein.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Felix Klein · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/bernhard-riemann/": {"t": "Bernhard Riemann", "s": "German mathematician who revolutionized analysis, geometry, and number theory"}, "https://codexery.com/star-symbols/e/star-symbols/polygram-geometry/": {"t": "Polygram (geometry)", "s": "A generalized polygon that can be a star or compound."}, "https://codexery.com/star-of-david/e/star-of-david/hexagram/": {"t": "Hexagram", "s": "A six-pointed star figure of two overlapping triangles."}, "https://codexery.com/topology-and-abstract-spaces/e/topology-and-abstract-spaces/winding-number/": {"t": "Winding number", "s": "Integer count of a curve's counterclockwise turns around a point."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/algebraic-geometry/": {"t": "Algebraic geometry", "s": "Branch of mathematics studying zeros of polynomial equations."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/180th-meridian/": {"t": "180th meridian", "s": "The 180th meridian divides hemispheres and anchors the International Date Line."}, "https://codexery.com/algebra/e/algebra/polynomial/": {"t": "Polynomial", "s": "A mathematical expression of variables and coefficients using addition and multiplication."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/north-pole/": {"t": "North Pole", "s": "Northernmost point on Earth, located in the Arctic Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/south-pole/": {"t": "South Pole", "s": "Southernmost point on Earth, marked by shifting ice and historic expeditions."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/surface-of-revolution/": {"t": "Surface of revolution", "s": "Surface created by rotating a curve around an axis."}, "https://codexery.com/sets-and-logic/e/sets-and-logic/union-set-theory/": {"t": "Union (set theory)", "s": "Set operation combining all elements from given sets."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/affine-space/": {"t": "Affine space", "s": "Geometric structure preserving parallelism and ratios, not distances."}, "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/e/combinatorics/combinatorics/": {"t": "Combinatorics", "s": "Mathematics of counting, arrangement, and optimization in finite systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/img/combinatorics/combinatorics.webp", "c": "Dom walden · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/algebraic-topology/": {"t": "Algebraic topology", "s": "Branch of mathematics using algebra to study topological spaces."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/henri-lebesgue/": {"t": "Henri Lebesgue", "s": "French mathematician who revolutionized integration theory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/henri-lebesgue.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henri Lebesgue · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/hermann-minkowski/": {"t": "Hermann Minkowski", "s": "Creator of Minkowski spacetime and geometry of numbers", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/hermann-minkowski.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hermann Minkowski · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-kinetics/": {"t": "Chemical kinetics", "s": "The branch of physical chemistry concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-kinetics.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-reaction/": {"t": "Chemical reaction", "s": "Process rearranging atoms with energy change, yielding new substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-reaction.webp", "c": "Д.Ильин : translation, optimization · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/ear/": {"t": "Ear", "s": "The human ear: a three-part organ for hearing and balance."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane/": {"t": "Cell membrane", "s": "Semipermeable lipid bilayer separating cell interior from environment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane.webp", "c": "Blackout Sea · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/torus/": {"t": "Torus", "s": "A surface of revolution shaped like a doughnut."}, "https://codexery.com/topology-and-abstract-spaces/e/topology-and-abstract-spaces/klein-bottle/": {"t": "Klein bottle", "s": "A one-sided surface with no boundary."}, "/e/geometry-and-shapes/surface-mathematics/": {"t": "Surface (mathematics)", "s": "A two-dimensional mathematical model generalizing the plane."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude/": {"t": "Latitude", "s": "Latitude specifies north-south position on Earth or celestial bodies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude.webp", "c": "source: Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation\nsvg conversion: Gregors\nColor: Jahobr · via Wikipedia: Latitude · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/connected-space/": {"t": "Connected space", "s": "A topological space that cannot be split into two disjoint open subsets."}, "https://codexery.com/set-theory-logic/e/set-theory-and-logic/operation-mathematics/": {"t": "Operation (mathematics)", "s": "A function combining elements of a set into another element."}, "https://codexery.com/kites/e/kites/kite-geometry/": {"t": "Kite (geometry)", "s": "Quadrilateral with reflection symmetry across a diagonal."}, 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coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/img/unesco-world-heritage-parks/giant-s-causeway.webp", "c": "Nolabob · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/northern-ireland/": {"t": "Northern Ireland", "s": "The main public broadcaster in Northern Ireland, part of the BBC national regions."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/bee/": {"t": "Bee", "s": "Bees are winged insects that form a single evolutionary group, the clade Anthophila, within the superfamily Apoidea of the order Hymenoptera."}, "https://codexery.com/topology-and-abstract-spaces/e/topology-and-abstract-spaces/euler-characteristic/": {"t": "Euler characteristic", "s": "Topological invariant describing shape regardless of bending."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-etruscans/": {"t": "The Etruscans", "s": "Ancient Italian civilization of city-states with a distinct language and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato/": {"t": "Plato", "s": "Foundational Western philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/img/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/plato.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen · via Wikipedia: Plato · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/esoteric-cosmology/e/esoteric-cosmology/classical-element/": {"t": "Classical element", "s": "Ancient substances proposed to explain all matter across multiple cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/proclus/": {"t": "Proclus", "s": "Greek Neoplatonic philosopher, one of the last major classical philosophers of late antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/posidonius/": {"t": "Posidonius", "s": "Greek polymath who spread Stoicism and studied tides."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/geminus/": {"t": "Geminus", "s": "Greek astronomer and mathematician, author of the Introduction to the Phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lewis-carroll/": {"t": "Lewis Carroll", "s": "English author, poet, mathematician, photographer, and Anglican deacon known for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and literary nonsense."}, "https://codexery.com/set-theory-logic/e/set-theory-and-logic/reflexive-relation/": {"t": "Reflexive relation", "s": "A binary relation where every element relates to itself."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/graph-embedding/": {"t": "Graph embedding", "s": "Graph embedding: drawing a graph on a surface without crossing edges."}}