[{"n": "Cretaceous", "u": "/e/geology/cretaceous/", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending wi"}, {"n": "Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event", "u": "/e/geology/cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event/", "s": "Mass extinction that ended the age of non-avian dinosaurs."}, {"n": "Crust (geology)", "u": "/e/geology/crust-geology/", "s": "The outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite."}, {"n": "Cryosphere", "u": "/e/geology/cryosphere/", "s": "Earth's frozen water component, critical to climate feedbacks."}, {"n": "Earth's crust", "u": "/e/geology/earth-s-crust/", "s": "Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, comprising less than one percent of the planet's radius and vo"}, {"n": "Earth's inner core", "u": "/e/geology/earth-s-inner-core/", "s": "Earth's innermost layer: a solid iron-nickel ball under extreme pressure and temperature, revealed by seismic "}, {"n": "Earth's magnetic field", "u": "/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and co"}, {"n": "Earth's mantle", "u": "/e/geology/earth-s-mantle/", "s": "Silicate layer between crust and outer core, driving plate tectonics."}, {"n": "Earth's outer core", "u": "/e/geology/earth-s-outer-core/", "s": "Liquid layer generating Earth's magnetic field via convection."}, {"n": "Erosion", "u": "/e/geology/erosion/", "s": "Natural removal and transport of Earth's surface materials by agents like water and wind."}, {"n": "Fault (geology)", "u": "/e/geology/fault-geology/", "s": "A fracture in rock where displacement occurs, causing earthquakes."}, {"n": "Feldspar", "u": "/e/geology/feldspar/", "s": "A group of rock-forming minerals comprising most of Earth's crust."}, {"n": "Floodplain", "u": "/e/geology/floodplain/", "s": "Floodplains are fertile, flood-prone river-adjacent lands."}, {"n": "Fold (geology)", "u": "/e/geology/fold-geology/", "s": "Bent rock layers from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized structures."}, {"n": "Gemstone", "u": "/e/geology/gemstone/", "s": "Mineral crystals and organic materials used for jewelry and adornment."}, {"n": "Geochronology", "u": "/e/geology/geochronology/", "s": "Science of dating rocks, fossils, and sediments using inherent signatures."}, {"n": "Geodesy", "u": "/e/geology/geodesy/", "s": "Science of measuring Earth's geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation."}, {"n": "Geologic time scale", "u": "/e/geology/geologic-time-scale/", "s": "Standardised intervals of Earth's 4.54 ± 0.05 billion-year history, defined by rock layers and radiometric dat"}, {"n": "Geological history of Earth", "u": "/e/geology/geological-history-of-earth/", "s": "Earth's geological history from formation to present, based on the geologic time scale."}, {"n": "Geomorphology", "u": "/e/geology/geomorphology/", "s": "Study of Earth's surface form and change."}, {"n": "Geophysics", "u": "/e/geology/geophysics/", "s": "The physical science of Earth and planetary processes"}, {"n": "Geyser", "u": "/e/geology/geyser/", "s": "A rare spring that erupts intermittently with steam and water."}, {"n": "Glacial landform", "u": "/e/geology/glacial-landform/", "s": "Landforms shaped by glacial action, from striations to moraines."}, {"n": "Gneiss", "u": "/e/geology/gneiss/", "s": "A banded metamorphic rock formed under high temperature and pressure."}, {"n": "Granite", "u": "/e/geology/granite/", "s": "A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, mica, and plagioclase."}, {"n": "Gravel", "u": "/e/geology/gravel/", "s": "Loose rock fragments from nature and industry."}, {"n": "Gypsum", "u": "/e/geology/gypsum/", "s": "A soft sulfate mineral used in plaster and drywall, with notable crystal varieties and widespread industrial a"}, {"n": "Hotspot (geology)", "u": "/e/geology/hotspot-geology/", "s": "Volcanic locales fed by anomalously hot mantle, independent of plate boundaries."}, {"n": "Ice age", "u": "/e/geology/ice-age/", "s": "A period of prolonged cooling leading to expansion of glaciers and ice caps."}, {"n": "Ice sheet", "u": "/e/geology/ice-sheet/", "s": "Massive glacial ice covering land, driving sea level and climate."}, {"n": "Ice shelf", "u": "/e/geology/ice-shelf/", "s": "Floating glacial ice platforms that moderate glacier flow."}]