[{"n": "Pedosphere", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/pedosphere/", "s": "The outermost soil layer of Earth's crust."}, {"n": "Peninsula", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/peninsula/", "s": "Landform mostly surrounded by water, connected to mainland on one side."}, {"n": "Permafrost", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/permafrost/", "s": "Frozen ground that stores carbon and threatens infrastructure when thawed."}, {"n": "Petrology", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/petrology/", "s": "Branch of geology studying rocks and their formation."}, {"n": "Plate tectonics", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plate-tectonics/", "s": "Scientific theory of Earth's moving lithospheric plates."}, {"n": "Plateau", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plateau/", "s": "High, flat landform raised sharply above surrounding terrain."}, {"n": "Plain", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plain/", "s": "Flat expanse of land covering over one-third of Earth's land area."}, {"n": "Polder", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/polder/", "s": "Low-lying land enclosed by dikes, reclaimed from water."}, {"n": "Prairie", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/prairie/", "s": "Temperate grassland ecosystem shaped by fire, grazing, and deep-rooted grasses."}, {"n": "Rock (geology)", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/rock-geology/", "s": "Naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter."}, {"n": "Sandstone", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains."}, {"n": "Schist", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/schist/", "s": "Medium-grained metamorphic rock with pronounced schistosity."}, {"n": "Sediment", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sediment/", "s": "Loose particles transported and deposited by natural processes."}, {"n": "Sedimentary basin", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-basin/", "s": "Region-scale crustal depressions that accumulate thick sedimentary sequences."}, {"n": "Sedimentary rock", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, {"n": "Seismology", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/seismology/", "s": "Scientific study of earthquakes and elastic wave propagation."}, {"n": "Slate", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/slate/", "s": "Fine-grained metamorphic rock with slaty cleavage, used for roofing and writing."}, {"n": "Soil", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil/", "s": "Soil is a complex ecosystem supporting life and regulating Earth's cycles."}, {"n": "Soil fertility", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil-fertility/", "s": "Soil fertility is the capacity to support plant growth and yield."}, {"n": "Soil formation", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil-formation/", "s": "Pedogenesis is the process of soil genesis regulated by place, environment, and history."}, {"n": "Soil science", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil-science/", "s": "Study of soil as a natural resource and its management."}, {"n": "Steppe", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/steppe/", "s": "Grassland ecoregion with semi-arid climate and extreme temperatures."}, {"n": "Strait", "u": "/e/geology-and-earth-surface/strait/", "s": "Narrow channel connecting two seas, vital for navigation and trade."}]