[{"n": "Allele", "u": "/e/genetics/allele/", "s": "A variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location on a DNA molecule."}, {"n": "CRISPR", "u": "/e/genetics/crispr/", "s": "Prokaryotic DNA sequences enabling adaptive immunity and genome editing."}, {"n": "Central dogma of molecular biology", "u": "/e/genetics/central-dogma-of-molecular-biology/", "s": "The central dogma: information cannot flow back from protein to nucleic acid."}, {"n": "Chromatin", "u": "/e/genetics/chromatin/", "s": "The complex of DNA and protein that packages and organizes genetic material."}, {"n": "Chromosomal translocation", "u": "/e/genetics/chromosomal-translocation/", "s": "Chromosomal translocation alters genome structure, affecting health."}, {"n": "Chromosome abnormality", "u": "/e/genetics/chromosome-abnormality/", "s": "Chromosomal abnormalities involve missing, extra, or rearranged DNA."}, {"n": "Cloning vector", "u": "/e/genetics/cloning-vector/", "s": "DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host."}, {"n": "Complementary DNA", "u": "/e/genetics/complementary-dna/", "s": "DNA reverse transcribed from RNA for research and viral replication."}, {"n": "DNA ligase", "u": "/e/genetics/dna-ligase/", "s": "Enzyme that joins DNA strands by catalyzing phosphodiester bond formation."}, {"n": "DNA polymerase", "u": "/e/genetics/dna-polymerase/", "s": "Enzymes that synthesize DNA, essential for replication and PCR."}, {"n": "DNA repair", "u": "/e/genetics/dna-repair/", "s": "Processes by which cells identify and correct DNA damage."}, {"n": "DNA replication", "u": "/e/genetics/dna-replication/", "s": "Essential process for copying DNA in all organisms."}, {"n": "DNA sequencing", "u": "/e/genetics/dna-sequencing/", "s": "Determining the order of nucleotides in DNA."}, {"n": "Dominance (genetics)", "u": "/e/genetics/dominance-genetics/", "s": "One allele masks another's effect in a heterozygous genotype."}, {"n": "Enhancer (genetics)", "u": "/e/genetics/enhancer-genetics/", "s": "Short DNA region that boosts gene transcription via activator proteins."}, {"n": "Epigenetics", "u": "/e/genetics/epigenetics/", "s": "Study of heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration."}, {"n": "Epigenome", "u": "/e/genetics/epigenome/", "s": "Chemical changes to DNA and histones regulating gene expression."}, {"n": "Epigenomics", "u": "/e/genetics/epigenomics/", "s": "Study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the epigenome."}, {"n": "Exon", "u": "/e/genetics/exon/", "s": "Exons are gene segments that form mature RNA after splicing."}, {"n": "Expression vector", "u": "/e/genetics/expression-vector/", "s": "A vector for introducing and expressing genes in cells."}, {"n": "Extranuclear inheritance", "u": "/e/genetics/extranuclear-inheritance/", "s": "Inheritance of genes outside the nucleus, via organelles or parasites."}, {"n": "Gene expression", "u": "/e/genetics/gene-expression/", "s": "Process by which genes produce functional products."}, {"n": "Genetic code", "u": "/e/genetics/genetic-code/", "s": "Rules translating nucleotide triplets into proteins."}, {"n": "Genetic diversity", "u": "/e/genetics/genetic-diversity/", "s": "Genetic diversity is the total genetic variation within a species."}, {"n": "Genetic drift", "u": "/e/genetics/genetic-drift/", "s": "Random change in allele frequencies across generations."}, {"n": "Gene flow", "u": "/e/genetics/gene-flow/", "s": "Gene flow transfers genetic material between populations, reducing divergence."}, {"n": "Genetic admixture", "u": "/e/genetics/genetic-admixture/", "s": "Interbreeding of isolated populations produces mixed genetic ancestry."}, {"n": "Founder effect", "u": "/e/genetics/founder-effect/", "s": "Loss of genetic variation from a small founding population."}]