{"https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/toulouse/": {"t": "Toulouse", "s": "The Pink City"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/carolingian-empire/": {"t": "Carolingian Empire", "s": "Frankish empire that revived the Roman imperial title in the West."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-king-of-england/": {"t": "John, King of England", "s": "King of England who sealed Magna Carta and lost the Angevin Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/loire/": {"t": "Loire", "s": "Longest river in France, flowing through a UNESCO-listed valley.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/loire.webp", "c": "0x010C · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/albi/": {"t": "Albi", "s": "Commune in southern France, prefecture of Tarn, UNESCO World Heritage site."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/provence/": {"t": "Provence", "s": "A southeastern French region with Roman origins and lasting cultural identity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/provence.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux/": {"t": "Bordeaux", "s": "Port city and world capital of wine in southwestern France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux.webp", "c": "David.J Janssen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-equestrian-venues/e/olympic-equestrian-venues/palace-of-versailles/": {"t": "Palace of Versailles", "s": "Former royal residence and UNESCO World Heritage site near Paris."}, "/e/french-regions/languedoc-roussillon/": {"t": "Languedoc-Roussillon", "s": "Southernmost mainland French region, merged into Occitania in 2016."}, "/e/french-regions/midi-pyr-n-es/": {"t": "Midi-Pyrénées", "s": "Former French region, largest in area, centered on Toulouse."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture/": {"t": "Romanesque architecture", "s": "First pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/bullfighting/": {"t": "Bullfighting", "s": "A ritualized contest between human and bull, rooted in ancient traditions."}, "/e/french-regions/aquitaine/": {"t": "Aquitaine", "s": "Historical region of southwestern France, former kingdom and duchy."}, "/e/french-regions/auvergne/": {"t": "Auvergne", "s": "Central French region of volcanoes, Arverni heritage, and agriculture."}, "/e/french-regions/centre-val-de-loire/": {"t": "Centre-Val de Loire", "s": "An inland French region straddling the middle Loire Valley in north-central France."}, "/e/french-regions/occitania/": {"t": "Occitania", "s": "Occitania is the historical land of the Occitan language and troubadour culture."}, "/e/french-regions/poitou-charentes/": {"t": "Poitou-Charentes", "s": "Former administrative region on the southwest coast of France."}, "/e/french-regions/auvergne-administrative-region/": {"t": "Auvergne (administrative region)", "s": "Former administrative region in central France, merged in 2016."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france/": {"t": "Metropolitan France", "s": "European portion of France, including mainland and Corsica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Metropolitan France · see source"}, "/e/french-regions/languedoc/": {"t": "Languedoc", "s": "Former province of France, with no single capital and a complex history of integration."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/hinterland/": {"t": "Hinterland", "s": "The inland region economically tied to a port or city."}, "/e/french-regions/rh-ne-alpes/": {"t": "Rhône-Alpes", "s": "Former French region with Lyon as capital and Alpine borders."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/rugby-union/": {"t": "Rugby union", "s": "A close-contact team sport originating at Rugby School in England."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/siemens/": {"t": "Siemens", "s": "European engineering giant with roots in telegraphy and industrial automation."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/french-regions/champagne-ardenne/": {"t": "Champagne-Ardenne", "s": "Former French region known for Champagne wine and agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-thirty-years-war/": {"t": "The Thirty Years' War", "s": "A devastating Central European conflict driven by religion and dynastic rivalry."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/germanic-languages/": {"t": "Germanic languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-European including English, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/franco-prussian-war/": {"t": "Franco-Prussian War", "s": "Conflict that unified Germany and ended French imperial rule."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/ariovistus/": {"t": "Ariovistus", "s": "Germanic leader defeated by Caesar in 58 BC", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/ariovistus.webp", "c": "Peter Johann Nepomuk Geiger · via Wikipedia: Ariovistus · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and author who transformed the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/clovis-i/": {"t": "Clovis I", "s": "King of the Franks who reunified Francia by outliving his brothers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/lotharingia/": {"t": "Lotharingia", "s": "Early medieval kingdom and duchy named after King Lothair II."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/historical-region/": {"t": "Historical region", "s": "Geographical regions defined by past cultural or political significance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/historical-region.webp", "c": "Yamen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/pyrenees/": {"t": "Pyrenees", "s": "Mountain range forming the France–Spain border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/img/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/pyrenees.webp", "c": "The original uploader was Nhamblen at English Wikipedia. · via Wikipedia: Pyrenees · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-martel/": {"t": "Charles Martel", "s": "Frankish leader who halted the Umayyad advance at Tours and restored centralized rule in Francia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-the-pious/": {"t": "Louis the Pious", "s": "The only surviving son of Charlemagne who ruled the Franks and faced civil war among his sons."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-the-bald/": {"t": "Charles the Bald", "s": "Carolingian emperor who secured West Francia through treaty and war."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/eleanor-of-aquitaine/": {"t": "Eleanor of Aquitaine", "s": "Duchess of Aquitaine, queen of France and England, and powerful medieval ruler."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/hundred-years-war/": {"t": "Hundred Years' War", "s": "The Hundred Years' War was not a single continuous battle but a long, stop-start series of conflicts between England and France, lasting from 1337 to 1453."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/e/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/cha-ne-des-puys/": {"t": "Chaîne des Puys", "s": "A volcanic field in the Massif Central of France, home to Puy de Dôme and a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/magma/": {"t": "Magma", "s": "Molten rock beneath Earth's surface, source of all igneous rocks."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/oak/": {"t": "Oak", "s": "Hardwood trees and shrubs of the genus Quercus, keystone species across the Northern Hemisphere."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/michelin/": {"t": "Michelin", "s": "French tyre giant known for innovation and travel guides.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/michelin.webp", "c": "Renhour48 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-burgundy/": {"t": "Duchy of Burgundy", "s": "A medieval duchy of the Kingdom of France, ruled by dukes from 918, later a core of the Burgundian State."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/burgundy-wine/": {"t": "Burgundy wine", "s": "A wine region defined by terroir and monastic heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/house-valois/": {"t": "House Valois", "s": "The Capetian cadet line that held the French crown from 1328 to 1589 and fought the Hundred Years' War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/img/factions/house-valois.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: House of Valois · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/bernard-of-clairvaux/": {"t": "Bernard of Clairvaux", "s": "Cistercian abbot, mystic, and co-founder of the Knights Templar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/img/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-philosophers/bernard-of-clairvaux.webp", "c": "[2] · via Wikipedia: Bernard of Clairvaux · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/santiago-de-compostela/": {"t": "Santiago de Compostela", "s": "Capital of Galicia and historic pilgrimage destination."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/namur/": {"t": "Namur", "s": "Capital of Wallonia at the confluence of Sambre and Meuse."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/low-countries/": {"t": "Low Countries", "s": "Historical coastal lowland region forming the Benelux countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/low-countries.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Low Countries · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xi/": {"t": "Louis XI", "s": "The Prudent King who spun webs of diplomacy"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "Habsburg monarchy", "s": "A composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg across Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy.webp", "c": "ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981. · via Wikipedia: Habsburg monarchy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/region/": {"t": "Region", "s": "Spatial divisions of Earth's surface with definable characteristics."}, "/e/french-regions/normandy/": {"t": "Normandy", "s": "Historical region and former duchy in northwestern Europe."}, "/e/french-regions/le-de-france/": {"t": "Île-de-France", "s": "Most populous French region, containing Paris and a third of national GDP."}, "/e/french-regions/pays-de-la-loire/": {"t": "Pays de la Loire", "s": "Administrative region on France's Atlantic coast, centered on Nantes."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/gross-domestic-product/": {"t": "Gross domestic product", "s": "Monetary measure of total market value of final goods and services."}, "/e/french-regions/alsace/": {"t": "Alsace", "s": "A border region blending German and French cultures, historically contested."}, "https://codexery.com/beverages-drink-culture/e/beverages-and-drink-culture/champagne/": {"t": "Champagne", "s": "Sparkling wine from the Champagne region of France."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/meuse/": {"t": "Meuse", "s": "Major European river flowing through France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/meuse.webp", "c": "MOSSOT · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/trains/e/legendary-trains/the-tgv/": {"t": "The TGV", "s": "French high-speed rail pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/trains/img/legendary-trains/the-tgv.webp", "c": "Nelso Silva · via Wikipedia: TGV · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/italian-peninsula/": {"t": "Italian Peninsula", "s": "Boot-shaped peninsula comprising much of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-genoa/": {"t": "Republic of Genoa", "s": "A medieval maritime republic and major European financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/louis-xv/": {"t": "Louis XV", "s": "King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774; second longest reign in French history."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/tuscany/": {"t": "Tuscany", "s": "Central Italian region, birthplace of the Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/mayotte/": {"t": "Mayotte", "s": "A French overseas department in the Mozambique Channel, known for its volcanic islands, coral reef lagoon, and status as an outermost region of the European Uni", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/mayotte.webp", "c": "Franck Bouttemy · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/french-guiana/": {"t": "French Guiana", "s": "French Guiana, officially named Guyane, is an overseas department and region of France situated on the northern coast of South America within the Guianas region", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/french-guiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Politics of French Guiana · see source"}, "/e/french-regions/provence-alpes-c-te-d-azur/": {"t": "Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur", "s": "Southeastern French region with Marseille and the French Riviera."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/mesolithic/": {"t": "Mesolithic", "s": "Intermediate hunter-gatherer period between Paleolithic and Neolithic."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-carthage/": {"t": "Ancient Carthage", "s": "Ancient Carthage: A dominant western Mediterranean power until its destruction in 146 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/oise-river/": {"t": "Oise (river)", "s": "River linking Paris to northern Europe via inland waterways."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/feudalism/": {"t": "Feudalism", "s": "A system of land-for-service obligations in medieval Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/vassal/": {"t": "Vassal", "s": "A subordinate bound by mutual obligation to a lord."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/merovingian-dynasty/": {"t": "Merovingian dynasty", "s": "The Merovingian family ruled the Franks from the mid-5th century until 751, when Pepin the Short took over.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/merovingian-dynasty.webp", "c": "Rudric · via Wikipedia: Merovingian dynasty · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/e/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/hugh-capet/": {"t": "Hugh Capet", "s": "Founder of the Capetian dynasty and King of the Franks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/img/characters-in-the-divine-comedy/hugh-capet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hugh Capet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/charles-de-gaulle/": {"t": "Charles de Gaulle", "s": "French general and statesman who led Free France and founded the Fifth Republic."}, "/e/french-regions/picardy/": {"t": "Picardy", "s": "Historical territory in northern France, never a duchy or county."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/continental-europe/": {"t": "Continental Europe", "s": "The contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/continental-europe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Europe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-dover/": {"t": "Strait of Dover", "s": "Busiest seaway linking the Atlantic to the North Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/prehistory/": {"t": "Prehistory", "s": "Human history before written records, studied through material evidence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/prehistory.webp", "c": "Palauenc05 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/romance-languages/": {"t": "Romance languages", "s": "The Romance languages, often called the Latin languages, are those that evolved directly from Vulgar Latin."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Holy Roman Emperor from 1564; his rule was shaped by the confessionalisation process after the 1555 Peace of Augsburg.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/img/leaders-and-monarchs/maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor.webp", "c": "Albrecht Dürer · via Wikipedia: Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-viii-of-france/": {"t": "Charles VIII of France", "s": "King of France who invaded Italy and married Anne of Brittany."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/alsace-lorraine/": {"t": "Alsace–Lorraine", "s": "Imperial territory annexed from France after the Franco-Prussian War."}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/fr8/": {"t": "FR8", "s": "Spanish conversion of the large-ring Mauser 98K to 7.62×51mm NATO."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/avignon/": {"t": "Avignon", "s": "City of the Popes on the Rhône."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/italians/": {"t": "Italians", "s": "An ethnic group native to Italy with a global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/spaniards/": {"t": "Spaniards", "s": "Spaniards are an ethnic group indigenous to Spain with a global legacy."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/portuguese-people/": {"t": "Portuguese people", "s": "Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal, key in global exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/tunisia/": {"t": "Tunisia", "s": "A North African crossroads of ancient civilizations and modern aspirations."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cannes-film-festival/": {"t": "Cannes Film Festival", "s": "The most prestigious film festival in the world, held annually in Cannes, France."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/vincent-van-gogh/": {"t": "Vincent van Gogh", "s": "The tortured genius who changed art forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/vincent-van-gogh.webp", "c": "Vincent van Gogh · via Wikipedia: Vincent van Gogh · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps/": {"t": "Alps", "s": "Major European mountain range spanning eight countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/img/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps.webp", "c": "Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite · via Wikipedia: Alps · Public domain"}, "/e/french-regions/lower-normandy/": {"t": "Lower Normandy", "s": "Former French region merged into Normandy in 2016."}, "/e/french-regions/upper-normandy/": {"t": "Upper Normandy", "s": "Former administrative region of northern France, merged into Normandy."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-sailing-venues/e/olympic-sailing-venues/le-havre/": {"t": "Le Havre", "s": "Normandy port city rebuilt after WWII, now a UNESCO site."}, "https://codexery.com/vikingage/e/the-viking-age/rollo/": {"t": "Rollo", "s": "First ruler of Normandy, Viking leader who secured lands through the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/normans/": {"t": "Normans", "s": "From Norse raiders to rulers of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/norman-conquest-of-southern-italy/": {"t": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "s": "Decades-long Norman consolidation of southern Italy into a kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-sicily/": {"t": "Kingdom of Sicily", "s": "A medieval kingdom spanning Sicily, southern Italy, and briefly North Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/french-wars-of-religion/": {"t": "French Wars of Religion", "s": "The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars fought between French Catholics and Protestant Huguenots from 1562 to 1598."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/e/french-colonization-of-the-americas/new-france/": {"t": "New France", "s": "French colonial territory in mainland North America, 1534–1763.", "i": "https://codexery.com/french-colonization-of-the-americas/img/french-colonization-of-the-americas/new-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/catalonia/": {"t": "Catalonia", "s": "An autonomous community in northeastern Spain with a distinct history and language."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/troubadour/": {"t": "Troubadour", "s": "Composers and performers of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-aragon/": {"t": "Kingdom of Aragon", "s": "Medieval kingdom that formed the nucleus of modern Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/piedmont/": {"t": "Piedmont", "s": "Northwest Italian region, historic heart of Italian unification."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dante-alighieri/": {"t": "Dante Alighieri", "s": "Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-vi-of-france/": {"t": "Charles VI of France", "s": "King of France whose mental illness shaped a turbulent reign."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nantes/": {"t": "Nantes", "s": "City of the Dukes of Brittany on the Loire"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-biscay/": {"t": "Bay of Biscay", "s": "A gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean known for its fierce storms, deep abyssal plain, and rich maritime history."}, "/e/french-regions/nord-pas-de-calais/": {"t": "Nord-Pas-de-Calais", "s": "A densely populated former region of northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/wallonia/": {"t": "Wallonia", "s": "A region of Belgium with a rich industrial history and a diversified modern economy."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/francia/": {"t": "Francia", "s": "Largest post-Roman kingdom in Western Europe, founded by Clovis I."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-vii-of-france/": {"t": "Charles VII of France", "s": "King of France who ended the Hundred Years' War."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugar-beet/": {"t": "Sugar beet", "s": "The temperate-zone root crop that supplies nearly a third of the world's sugar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugar-beet.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/amiens-cathedral/": {"t": "Amiens Cathedral", "s": "Largest Gothic cathedral by volume in France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/amiens-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amiens Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/notre-dame-de-paris/": {"t": "Notre-Dame de Paris", "s": "Medieval Gothic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in Paris.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/notre-dame-de-paris.webp", "c": "Jebulon · CC0"}, "/e/french-regions/limousin/": {"t": "Limousin", "s": "Former administrative region of southwest-central France, least populated in metropolitan France."}, "https://codexery.com/folklore-of-the-united-states/e/folklore-of-the-united-states/cajuns/": {"t": "Cajuns", "s": "Descendants of Acadian exiles with a distinct French dialect and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/louisiana/": {"t": "Louisiana", "s": "U.S. state with French heritage, parishes, and Gulf Coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/louisiana.webp", "c": "Mark Holloway · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/nova-scotia/": {"t": "Nova Scotia", "s": "Canada's most populous Atlantic province, rich in Mi'kmaq heritage and Scottish history."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/peloponnese/": {"t": "Peloponnese", "s": "Southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, cradle of Mycenaean civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonization-of-the-americas/e/british-colonization-of-the-americas/expulsion-of-the-acadians/": {"t": "Expulsion of the Acadians", "s": "British forced removal of Acadians, 1755–1764, during the French and Indian War."}, "https://codexery.com/prominent-women/e/prominent-women/madame-de-montespan/": {"t": "Madame de Montespan", "s": "French noblewoman and celebrated mistress of Louis XIV."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mont-blanc/": {"t": "Mont Blanc", "s": "Highest mountain in the Alps and western Europe, on the Franco-Italian border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/img/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mont-blanc.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mont Blanc massif · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-geneva/": {"t": "Lake Geneva", "s": "Large Alpine lake shared by Switzerland and France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-geneva.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/winter-olympic-games/": {"t": "Winter Olympic Games", "s": "Quadrennial multi-sport event for snow and ice sports."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/sausage/": {"t": "Sausage", "s": "A seasoned meat product, often encased, with global varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-cuisine/e/swiss-cuisine/fondue/": {"t": "Fondue", "s": "A Swiss melted cheese and wine communal dish."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-cuisine/e/swiss-cuisine/raclette/": {"t": "Raclette", "s": "Melted cheese scraped onto potatoes, a Swiss Alpine tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/french-cuisine/e/french-cuisine/charcuterie/": {"t": "Charcuterie", "s": "French cuisine branch of prepared pork meat products."}, "https://codexery.com/recipes/e/classic-dishes/coq-au-vin/": {"t": "Coq au vin", "s": "French braised chicken dish popularized by Julia Child."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/swedish-language/": {"t": "Swedish language", "s": "North Germanic language spoken in Sweden and parts of Finland."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/stockholm/": {"t": "Stockholm", "s": "The capital of Sweden, spanning fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/conscription/": {"t": "Conscription", "s": "Compulsory enlistment in national service, enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/finnish-language/": {"t": "Finnish language", "s": "A Finnic language of the Uralic family, spoken by millions in Finland and diaspora communities."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/estonian-language/": {"t": "Estonian language", "s": "Estonian: a Finnic language of Estonia, one of the EU's non-Indo-European tongues."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/stone-age/": {"t": "Stone Age", "s": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/grand-duchy-of-finland/": {"t": "Grand Duchy of Finland", "s": "Autonomous grand duchy that preceded modern Finland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/grand-duchy-of-finland.webp", "c": "Ориенталист · via Wikipedia: Grand Duchy of Finland · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/revolutions-of/finnish-civil-war/": {"t": "Finnish Civil War", "s": "A 1918 civil war for control of newly independent Finland."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/overijssel/": {"t": "Overijssel", "s": "A province of the Netherlands with a rich history, diverse landscapes, and a strong industrial heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/north-holland/": {"t": "North Holland", "s": "A province of the Netherlands in the northwest, home to Amsterdam and Schiphol Airport."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/wadden-sea/": {"t": "Wadden Sea", "s": "Intertidal zone with rich bird life and UNESCO World Heritage status."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/frisia/": {"t": "Frisia", "s": "Cross-border cultural region of the Frisian people in Northwestern Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/frisia.webp", "c": "Gouwenaar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/west-frisian-language/": {"t": "West Frisian language", "s": "West Frisian is the closest living relative to Old English."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bremen/": {"t": "Bremen", "s": "A historic Hanseatic port city and cultural hub of Northern Germany."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/bruges/": {"t": "Bruges", "s": "Capital of West Flanders, historic canal city and UNESCO site."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/history-books-about-ancient-rome/e/history-books-about-ancient-rome/germania-book/": {"t": "Germania (book)", "s": "Tacitus's ethnographic study of ancient Germanic peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/migration-period/": {"t": "Migration Period", "s": "Era of large-scale migrations reshaping post-Roman Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/migration-period.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Migration Period · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/castile-and-le-n/": {"t": "Castile and León", "s": "Largest autonomous community in Spain, with a de facto capital in Valladolid."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-castile/": {"t": "Kingdom of Castile", "s": "Medieval Iberian kingdom that expanded southward and united with León."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/c-ceres-spain/": {"t": "Cáceres, Spain", "s": "Spanish city with the largest municipal area and a UNESCO World Heritage old town."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-portugal/e/world-heritage-sites-in-portugal/elvas/": {"t": "Elvas", "s": "Portuguese frontier fortress and UNESCO World Heritage star fort"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War, which raged in Spain from 1936 to 1939, pitted the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-folklore/e/spanish-folklore/las-hurdes/": {"t": "Las Hurdes", "s": "A remote mountain comarca with a history of isolation and poverty.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spanish-folklore/img/spanish-folklore/las-hurdes.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Las Hurdes · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Hydroelectricity", "s": "Electricity generated from hydropower, a key low-carbon energy source."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/portuguese-language/": {"t": "Portuguese language", "s": "A Western Romance language spoken by over 267 million people, official in eight countries and co-official in Macau and Equatorial Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/regions-of-italy/": {"t": "Regions of Italy", "s": "First-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea/": {"t": "Adriatic Sea", "s": "Northernmost arm of the Mediterranean, separating Italy from the Balkans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/adriatic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Adriatic Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-europe/": {"t": "Southern Europe", "s": "Mediterranean Europe shaped by peninsulas, mountains, and ancient civilizations."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/friuli/": {"t": "Friuli", "s": "Historical region of northeast Italy with a distinct Friulian identity."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/cividale-del-friuli/": {"t": "Cividale del Friuli", "s": "Former Lombard capital, now a quiet medieval tourist town."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/aquileia/": {"t": "Aquileia", "s": "Roman colony, early Christian hub, sacked by Attila."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/lombards/": {"t": "Lombards", "s": "Germanic conquerors of Italy, from the Elbe to the Po."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/provinces-of-italy/": {"t": "Provinces of Italy", "s": "Second-level administrative divisions of Italy, between municipalities and regions."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/crown-of-aragon/": {"t": "Crown of Aragon", "s": "A medieval Mediterranean thalassocracy of autonomous realms under one king."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/huguenots/": {"t": "Huguenots", "s": "French Protestants of the Reformed tradition, persecuted and exiled under Louis XIV."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/baptists/": {"t": "Baptists", "s": "Protestant tradition emphasizing believer's baptism and local church autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/methodism/": {"t": "Methodism", "s": "A Protestant tradition emphasizing sanctification and methodical Christian living."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/pentecostalism/": {"t": "Pentecostalism", "s": "A Spirit-filled movement emphasizing baptism with the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/cephalophores/e/cephalophores/bertran-de-born/": {"t": "Bertran de Born", "s": "Occitan troubadour and baron known for political songs."}, "/e/french-regions/corsica/": {"t": "Corsica", "s": "Mediterranean island, French region with growing nationalist movement."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/wales/": {"t": "Wales", "s": "A country of mountains, coast, and ancient culture, part of the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cornwall/": {"t": "Cornwall", "s": "A Celtic nation and ceremonial county in South West England."}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-brittany/": {"t": "Duchy of Brittany", "s": "A medieval duchy on the northwestern peninsula of France, never part of the Holy Roman Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/metropolitan-area/": {"t": "Metropolitan area", "s": "A region of dense urban core and integrated surrounding territories."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/welsh-language/": {"t": "Welsh language", "s": "A Brittonic Celtic language native to Wales with official status."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/french-language/": {"t": "French language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, descended from Vulgar Latin and shaped by Celtic and Frankish influences."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/operation-overlord/": {"t": "Operation Overlord", "s": "Allied invasion that liberated German-occupied Western Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/guy-de-maupassant/": {"t": "Guy de Maupassant", "s": "19th-century French short story master and naturalist author."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/marcel-proust/": {"t": "Marcel Proust", "s": "French novelist who pioneered stream of consciousness."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/erik-satie/": {"t": "Erik Satie", "s": "French composer and pianist"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/jean-fran-ois-millet/": {"t": "Jean-François Millet", "s": "French painter and founder of the Barbizon school, noted for realistic depictions of peasant farmers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/jean-fran-ois-millet.webp", "c": "Nadar / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Jean-François Millet · Public domain"}, "/e/french-regions/burgundy/": {"t": "Burgundy", "s": "Historical region in France, known for its wine and medieval power."}}