{"/e/first-indochina-war/north-vietnam/": {"t": "North Vietnam", "s": "Communist state that fought France and later South Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-indochina-war/": {"t": "First Indochina War", "s": "A conflict from 1946 to 1954 between France and the Viet Minh, ending with French withdrawal and the division of Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/chiang-kai-shek/": {"t": "Chiang Kai-shek", "s": "Chinese military commander, revolutionary, and statesman; President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/french-indochina/": {"t": "French Indochina", "s": "French-dependent territories in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hirohito/": {"t": "Hirohito", "s": "Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989, reigning through war and reconstruction."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-leaders/e/asian-leaders/b-o-i/": {"t": "Bảo Đại", "s": "Last emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty and later chief of state of the State of Vietnam.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-leaders/img/asian-leaders/b-o-i.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bảo Đại · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/bangkok/": {"t": "Bangkok", "s": "City of Angels"}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/supermarine-spitfire/": {"t": "Supermarine Spitfire", "s": "The iconic British single-seat fighter that defined air combat from the Battle of Britain through World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warplanes/img/warplanes/supermarine-spitfire.webp", "c": "Airwolfhound · via Wikipedia: Supermarine Spitfire · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/borneo/": {"t": "Borneo", "s": "Third-largest island, divided among three sovereign states."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux/": {"t": "Bordeaux", "s": "Port city and world capital of wine in southwestern France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux.webp", "c": "David.J Janssen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tunis/": {"t": "Tunis", "s": "Capital of Tunisia, historic city on the Gulf of Tunis."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/north-atlantic-treaty/": {"t": "North Atlantic Treaty", "s": "Founding treaty of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/img/international-and-comparative-law/north-atlantic-treaty.webp", "c": "Diplomatic Security Service · Public domain"}, "/e/first-indochina-war/state-of-vietnam/": {"t": "State of Vietnam", "s": "Anti-communist Vietnamese state allied with France during the First Indochina War."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/korean-war/": {"t": "Korean War", "s": "A frozen conflict that divided a peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/vietnamese-demilitarized-zone/": {"t": "Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone", "s": "Buffer zone dividing North and South Vietnam from 1954 to 1976."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/vietnam-war/": {"t": "Vietnam War", "s": "Cold War proxy war ending in communist victory across Indochina."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/anthony-eden/": {"t": "Anthony Eden", "s": "British prime minister from 1955 to 1957, whose reputation was overshadowed by the Suez Crisis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/anthony-eden.webp", "c": "Alfred Douglas Kissack d.1944 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/liuzhou/": {"t": "Liuzhou", "s": "Industrial hub and ancient city on the Liu River."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/1954-geneva-conference/": {"t": "1954 Geneva Conference", "s": "Conference that partitioned Vietnam and ended the First Indochina War."}, "https://codexery.com/ar-15-style-rifles-and-dmrs/e/ar-15-style-rifles-and-dmrs/m1-garand/": {"t": "M1 Garand", "s": "First standard-issue semi-automatic rifle of the U.S. military."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/vientiane/": {"t": "Vientiane", "s": "Capital of Laos on the Mekong, rich in Buddhist heritage and history."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/prostitution/": {"t": "Prostitution", "s": "Sex work involving payment for sexual activity, with varied legal statuses worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/algerian-war/": {"t": "Algerian War", "s": "Armed conflict leading to Algerian independence from France."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/penicillin/": {"t": "Penicillin", "s": "A group of β-lactam antibiotics from Penicillium moulds."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/corsica/": {"t": "Corsica", "s": "Mediterranean island, French region with growing nationalist movement."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/luang-prabang/": {"t": "Luang Prabang", "s": "Royal Buddha Image city in north-central Laos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site blending Lao and colonial architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/nguy-n-dynasty/": {"t": "Nguyễn dynasty", "s": "The Nguyễn dynasty, the final imperial family of Vietnam, was founded by the House of Nguyễn Phúc."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/french-union/": {"t": "French Union", "s": "Postwar French entity replacing the colonial empire."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/jean-paul-sartre/": {"t": "Jean-Paul Sartre", "s": "French existentialist philosopher, political activist, and writer"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/neocolonialism/": {"t": "Neocolonialism", "s": "Indirect control of nominally independent states through economic and cultural means."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/referendum/": {"t": "Referendum", "s": "A direct vote by the electorate on a proposal or law."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/self-determination/": {"t": "Self-determination", "s": "A people's right to form its own political entity."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/liberal-democracy/": {"t": "Liberal democracy", "s": "A government combining democracy with liberal political philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/charles-de-gaulle/": {"t": "Charles de Gaulle", "s": "French general and statesman who led Free France and founded the Fifth Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/e/unesco-world-heritage-parks/h-long-bay/": {"t": "Hạ Long Bay", "s": "Bay of descending dragons with thousands of limestone islets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unesco-world-heritage-parks/img/unesco-world-heritage-parks/h-long-bay.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/first-indochina-war/provisional-central-government-of-vietnam/": {"t": "Provisional Central Government of Vietnam", "s": "A transitional French-backed government during the First Indochina War."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/vichy-france/": {"t": "Vichy France", "s": "French rump state headed by Philippe Pétain during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Invasion of Poland", "s": "Joint invasion that started World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "The National Archives UK · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/oran/": {"t": "Oran", "s": "Second-largest city in Algeria, key coastal hub."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/dakar/": {"t": "Dakar", "s": "Capital of Senegal, westernmost point of mainland Africa"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/algiers/": {"t": "Algiers", "s": "Capital of Algeria, historic Mediterranean port and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/amphibious-warfare/": {"t": "Amphibious warfare", "s": "Complex military maneuver requiring coordinated naval, ground, and air forces.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/img/warfare-and-military-history/amphibious-warfare.webp", "c": "Cpl. Nicholas Nohalty · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/balikpapan/": {"t": "Balikpapan", "s": "Seaport city and financial hub of Kalimantan, Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/guadalcanal-campaign/": {"t": "Guadalcanal campaign", "s": "First major Allied land offensive against Japan in World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/guadalcanal-campaign.webp", "c": "Archives Branch, USMC History Division · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia/": {"t": "New Caledonia", "s": "A French territory in the southwest Pacific, part of Melanesia, with a unique legal status and a diverse population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 2024 New Caledonia unrest · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea/": {"t": "New Guinea", "s": "The world's second-largest island, rich in biodiversity and cultural history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German New Guinea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/colonial-medal/": {"t": "Colonial Medal", "s": "French decoration for colonial military service, later renamed Overseas Medal."}, "https://codexery.com/extant-reptiles-amphibians/e/extant-reptiles-and-amphibians/naja/": {"t": "Naja", "s": "The genus of true cobras: venomous elapids found across Africa and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/vietnamese-language/": {"t": "Vietnamese language", "s": "Austroasiatic language of Vietnam with over 86 million native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/viet-people/": {"t": "Viet people", "s": "Southeast Asian ethnicity native to northern Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/big-cats/tiger/": {"t": "Tiger", "s": "Large Asian cat, apex predator, endangered by human activity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bigcats/img/big-cats/tiger.webp", "c": "Photo (c)2007 Derek and Julie Ramsey ( Ram-Man ) edit by Chris_huh . · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/": {"t": "Imperial examination", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by merit from the Sui dynasty until its abolition in 19", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/imperial-examination.webp", "c": "Francisco Anzola · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/prime-minister/": {"t": "Prime minister", "s": "Head of government leading the cabinet in parliamentary systems."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/vi-t-b-c/": {"t": "Việt Bắc", "s": "Việt Minh stronghold and communist headquarters during the First Indochina War."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/war-in-southern-vietnam-1945-1946/": {"t": "War in southern Vietnam (1945–1946)", "s": "British-French forces suppressed Vietnamese independence movements in southern Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/electoral-fraud/": {"t": "Electoral fraud", "s": "Illegal interference with election processes to alter outcomes."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/economy-of-vietnam/": {"t": "Economy of Vietnam", "s": "A developing mixed socialist-oriented market economy, the 33rd-largest by nominal GDP and 23rd-largest by PPP."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/sino-vietnamese-war/": {"t": "Sino-Vietnamese War", "s": "The Sino-Vietnamese War, also referred to as the Third Indochina War, erupted in early 1979 when China launched a surprise offensive into northern Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/nanyue/": {"t": "Nanyue", "s": "An ancient kingdom bridging China and Vietnam, founded by a Qin general after the dynasty's collapse."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "s": "32nd US president who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/josip-broz-tito/": {"t": "Josip Broz Tito", "s": "Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, leader of the Partisans and longtime president."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hakka-chinese/": {"t": "Hakka Chinese", "s": "A Chinese language group with many dialects, spoken by the Hakka people."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/traditional-chinese-characters/": {"t": "Traditional Chinese characters", "s": "One of two standardized Chinese character sets, historically predominant."}, "https://codexery.com/french-colonial-empire/e/french-colonial-empire/banque-de-l-indochine/": {"t": "Banque de l'Indochine", "s": "French colonial bank of issue in Indochina and the Pacific."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/henri-martin-affair/": {"t": "Henri Martin affair", "s": "A French communist sailor's arrest and imprisonment sparked a major antiwar campaign."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/folk-religion/": {"t": "Folk religion", "s": "Folk religion is religion as lived outside official doctrine."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/lys-e-accords/": {"t": "Élysée Accords", "s": "1949 agreement granting limited independence to the State of Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/evangelicalism/": {"t": "Evangelicalism", "s": "Interdenominational Protestant movement emphasizing evangelism and personal conversion."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/montagnard-country-of-south-indochina/": {"t": "Montagnard country of South Indochina", "s": "Autonomous Montagnard territory created during the First Indochina War."}, "/e/first-indochina-war/ho-sainteny-agreement/": {"t": "Ho–Sainteny Agreement", "s": "Preliminary treaty that recognized Vietnam as a free state within the French Union."}}